Recombination is the main driver of bacteriophage evolution. It may serve as a tool for extending the phage host spectrum, which is significant not only for phages' ecology but also for their ...utilisation as therapeutic agents of bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to detect the recombination events in the genomes of
phages infecting
, and present their impact on phylogenetic relations within this phage group. The phylogenetic analyses involved: the whole-genome, core-genome (
conserved genes), variable genome region, and the whole-genome minus variable region. Interestingly, the recombination events taking place in the putative host recognition region (tail fibre protein gene and the adjacent downstream gene) significantly influenced tree topology, suggesting a strong phylogenetic signal. Our results indicate the recombination between phages from two genera
and
and demonstrate its influence on phage phylogeny.
The evaluation of the pedagogical-theatrical project Trolls is a source of data on the basis of which we propose the use of positive labeling categories. We expanded it by naming the stages of this ...form of labeling: bewilderment, taming, initiation, and inclusion. We described the social consequences of gradually becoming familiar with differences, including and placing people with disabilities in the center. We showed how the labeling mechanism was used in artistic-educational activities and redirected toward a discussion of the values of social diversity.
Trolls is a play and workshop created by the Theatre 21 Foundation. It is aimed at primary school students and conducted in classrooms. Through explicit observations, and by referring to the relations between theater educators and actors and class teachers, we examined what the visit of the titular trolls, or actors from Theatre 21, most of whom have Down syndrome or autism, brings to the school and how these actions resonate with the participants.
Owing to the processual character of the evaluation, we were able to discover new research categories. Our research was of an abductive nature. Sensitizing concepts enabled the development of the main category of positive labeling.
•Fresh organ dissection in young mice gives better results than fixing whole carcass.•Modified Davidson’s better than formalin or Bouin’s in fixation of juvenile brain.•The sequence of events during ...organ development is very similar in mice and rats.•Developmental milestones often achieved earlier in the mouse than in the rat.
There is a growing demand for wild type mice and mouse models of disease that may be more representative of human conditions but there is little information on neonatal and juvenile mouse anatomy. This project produces sound and comprehensive histology background data on the developing neonatal mouse at different time points from Day 0 until Day 28.
The work describes optimal methods for tissue harvesting, fixation and processing from the neonatal and juvenile mice which can be used in routine toxicology studies.
A review of the available literature revealed inconsistencies in the developmental milestones reported in the mouse. Although it is true that the sequence of events during the development is virtually the same in mice and rats, important developmental milestones in the mouse often happen earlier than in the rat, and these species should not be used interchangeably.
The sustainable development (SD) policy is also a family-friendly policy. Its crucial element is the use of social transfers (STs) as cash benefits for children. This study aims to explain the ...existence of regional variation in Poland in terms of the rate of working women and to conduct an assessment of the selected factors’ impact including the impact of STs on women’s propensity to work in Poland between 2000 and 2020. The survey showed the existence of SD through a strong convergence of the study area in terms of the rate of working women (RWW). However, an increase in the RWW with a decreasing fertility rate (FR) was observed between 2017 and 2020. The study showed a negative correlation between the RWW and STs. This means that the higher the transfers, the lower the propensity of women to return to the labour market. This situation could have negative consequences in the future. Long-lasting non-working periods mean a shorter period of pension contributions. As a result, with a low fertility rate, an accelerated pauperisation of society and a growing group of people living below the poverty line can be expected, which could disrupt or halt the country’s sustainable development. Appropriate reforms are needed to enable women to return to the labour market as soon as possible.
Recombination is the main driver of bacteriophage evolution. It may serve as a tool for extending the phage host spectrum, which is significant not only for phages’ ecology but also for their ...utilisation as therapeutic agents of bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to detect the recombination events in the genomes of Litunavirus phages infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and present their impact on phylogenetic relations within this phage group. The phylogenetic analyses involved: the whole-genome, core-genome (Schitoviridae conserved genes), variable genome region, and the whole-genome minus variable region. Interestingly, the recombination events taking place in the putative host recognition region (tail fibre protein gene and the adjacent downstream gene) significantly influenced tree topology, suggesting a strong phylogenetic signal. Our results indicate the recombination between phages from two genera Litunavirus and Luzeptimavirus and demonstrate its influence on phage phylogeny.
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