Privacy preservation is addressed for decentralized optimization, where N agents cooperatively minimize the sum of N convex functions private to these individual agents. In most existing ...decentralized optimization approaches, participating agents exchange and disclose states explicitly, which may not be desirable when the states contain sensitive information of individual agents. The problem is more acute when adversaries exist which try to steal information from other participating agents. To address this issue, we propose a privacy-preserving decentralized optimization approach based on alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and partially homomorphic cryptography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that cryptographic techniques are incorporated in a fully decentralized setting to enable privacy preservation in decentralized optimization in the absence of any third party or aggregator. To facilitate the incorporation of encryption in a fully decentralized manner, we introduce a new ADMM, which allows time-varying penalty matrices and rigorously prove that it has a convergence rate of O(1/t) . Numerical and experimental results confirm the effectiveness and low-computational complexity of the proposed approach.
Due to the extraction of thick coal seam, there will be three main zones formed above the extraction space: caved zone, fractured zone and continuous deformation zone, as the fractured zone is full ...of vertical and horizontal fractures, and these fractures consist of the gas channel for gas flow, and it can be used for gas drainage to eliminate gas disaster, so the objective of this paper is to find the effect of different gob behavior to the height and scope of the fractured zone. Firstly, the factors that affect the change of fractured zone are discussed, the empirical equation is used to estimate the height of the fractured zone in the case coal mine, then three finite models with different gob behavior are built to solve this problem, these three gobs are filled with rockmass that has variable Young’s modulus, the results show that the model with Gob3 has the largest stress recovery distance and the largest height and scope of destressed zone (fractured zone), and its stiffness is much smaller, finally, a field study is carried out in 4314 working face of Changping colliery, four boreholes are drilled in the different location of the gob roof, the data shows that No. 2 and No. 3 boreholes have larger gas concentration than No. 1 and No. 4 boreholes, it indicates that the height of the fractured zone is much closer to 43 m, the field measurement results are exactly consistent with numerical simulation result of Gob3, and Gob 3 is the more realistic gob for the case mine, it has a recovery distance of 76.5 m—0.17 times mining depth.
Extremum seeking control (ESC) schemes based on numerical optimization are proposed in this paper. The extremum seeking problem is treated as an optimization with dynamic system constraints. The ...numerical optimization-based extremum seeking control scheme is first applied to linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, then it is extended to a class of feedback linearizable systems. The convergence of the ESC scheme is guaranteed by the numerical optimization algorithm and state regulation. The robustness of line search methods and trust region methods is studied, which provides further flexibility for the design of robust extremum seeking controller. Simulation study of antilock braking systems (ABS) design via extremum seeking control is addressed
Effects of cold plasma treatment on seed germination, seedling growth, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation levels and osmotic-adjustment products of oilseed rape under drought stress were ...investigated in a drought-sensitive (Zhongshuang 7) and drought-tolerant cultivar (Zhongshuang 11). Results showed that, under drought stress, cold plasma treatment significantly improved the germination rate by 6.25% in Zhongshuang 7, and 4.44% in Zhongshuang 11. Seedling growth characteristics, including shoot and root dry weights, shoot and root lengths, and lateral root number, significantly increased after cold plasma treatment. The apparent contact angle was reduced by 30.38% in Zhongshuang 7 and 16.91% in Zhongshuang 11. Cold plasma treatment markedly raised superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by 17.71% and 16.52% in Zhongshuang 7, and by 13.00% and 13.21% in Zhongshuang 11. Moreover, cold plasma treatment significantly increased the soluble sugar and protein contents, but reduced the malondialdehyde content in seedlings. Our results suggested that cold plasma treatment improved oilseed rape drought tolerance by improving antioxidant enzyme activities, increasing osmotic-adjustment products, and reducing lipid peroxidation, especially in the drought-sensitive cultivar (Zhongshuang 7). Thus, cold plasma treatment can be used in an ameliorative way to improve germination and protect oilseed rape seedlings against damage caused by drought stress.
Skin wound healing is an intractable problem that represents an urgent clinical need. To solve this problem, a large number of studies have focused on the use of exosomes (EXOs) derived from ...adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs). This review describes the mechanisms whereby ADSCs‐EXOs regulate wound healing and their clinical application. In the wound, ADSCs‐EXOs modulate immune responses and inflammation. They also promote angiogenesis, accelerate proliferation and re‐epithelization of skin cells, and regulate collagen remodelling which inhibits scar hyperplasia. Compared with ADSCs therapeutics, ADSCs‐EXOs have highly stability and are easily stored. Additionally, they are not rejected by the immune system and have a homing effect and their dosage can be easily controlled. ADSCs‐EXOs can improve fat grafting and promote wound healing in patients with diabetes mellitus. They can also act as a carrier and combined scaffold for treatment, leading to scarless cutaneous repair. Overall, ADSCs‐EXOs have the potential to be used in the clinic to promote wound healing.
This review describes the mechanisms whereby exosomes (EXOs) derived from adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) regulate wound healing and their clinical application. In the wound, ADSCs‐EXOs modulate immune responses and inflammation, promote angiogenesis, accelerate proliferation and re‐epithelization of skin cells and regulate collagen remodelling, which inhibits scar hyperplasia. ADSCs‐EXOs have the potential to be used in the clinic, as they can improve fat grafting, promote wound healing of diabetic patients and act as a carrier and combined scaffold for treatment, leading to scarless cutaneous repair.
Rapeseed (
L.) is a very important edible oil crop in the world, and the production is inhibited by abiotic stresses, such as salinity. Plant hormones can alleviate the stress by regulating the ...physiological processes and gene expression. To study the plant responses to salinity in combination with GR24, a synthesized strigolactone, the oilseed rape variety (Zhongshuang 11) replications were grown in the pots in a controlled growth chamber under three levels of salinity (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) and 0.18 μM GR24 treatments at the seedling stage for 7 days. The results showed that salinity depressed the shoots and roots growth, whereas GR24 improved the growth under salt stress. Leaf chlorophyll contents and gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rates, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO
concentration, and transpiration rate) were also reduced significantly with increasing salinity, and these effects could be partially reversed by GR24 application. Additionally, GR24 treatment significantly increased and decreased the photosystem II quantum yield and non-photochemical quenching, respectively, under salinity stress conditions. The activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase increased, and lipid peroxidation measured by the level of malondialdehyde reduced due to GR24 application. The transcriptome analysis of root and shoot was conducted. Three hundred and forty-two common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after GR24 treatment and 166 special DEGs after GR24 treatment under salinity stress were identified in root and shoot. The DEGs in root were significantly more than that in shoot. Quantitative PCR validated that the stress alleviation was mainly related to the gene expression of tryptophan metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis.
Drought stress is a major abiotic factor that affects rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) productivity. Though previous studies indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in response to ...drought stress, a scheme for genome-wide identification and characterization of lncRNAs' response to drought stress is still lacking, especially in the case of B. napus. In order to further understand the molecular mechanism of the response of B. napus to drought stress, we compared changes in the transcriptome between Q2 (a drought-tolerant genotype) and Qinyou8 (a drought-sensitive genotype) responding drought stress and rehydration treatment at the seedling stage.
A total of 5546 down-regulated and 6997 up-regulated mRNAs were detected in Q2 compared with 7824 and 10,251 in Qinyou8, respectively; 369 down-regulated and 108 up- regulated lncRNAs were detected in Q2 compared with 449 and 257 in Qinyou8, respectively. LncRNA-mRNA interaction network analysis indicated that the co-expression network of Q2 was composed of 145 network nodes and 5175 connections, while the co-expression network of Qinyou8 was composed of 305 network nodes and 22,327 connections. We further identified 34 transcription factors (TFs) corresponding to 126 differentially expressed lncRNAs in Q2, and 45 TFs corresponding to 359 differentially expressed lncRNAs in Qinyou8. Differential expression analysis of lncRNAs indicated that up- and down-regulated mRNAs co-expressed with lncRNAs participated in different metabolic pathways and were involved in different regulatory mechanisms in the two genotypes. Notably, some lncRNAs were co-expressed with BnaC07g44670D, which are associated with plant hormone signal transduction. Additionally, some mRNAs co-located with XLOC_052298, XLOC_094954 and XLOC_012868 were mainly categorized as signal transport and defense/stress response.
The results of this study increased our understanding of expression characterization of rapeseed lncRNAs in response to drought stress and re-watering, which would be useful to provide a reference for the further study of the function and action mechanisms of lncRNAs under drought stress and re-watering.
In situ conversion of mechanical energy into electricity is a feasible solution to satisfy the increasing power demand of the Internet of Things (IoTs). A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is ...considered as a potential solution via building self-powered systems. Based on the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction, a conventional TENG with pulsed AC output characteristics always needs rectification and energy storage units to obtain a constant DC output to drive electronic devices. Here, we report a next-generation TENG, which realizes constant current (crest factor, ~1) output by coupling the triboelectrification effect and electrostatic breakdown. Meanwhile, a triboelectric charge density of 430 mC m
is attained, which is much higher than that of a conventional TENG limited by electrostatic breakdown. The novel DC-TENG is demonstrated to power electronics directly. Our findings not only promote the miniaturization of self-powered systems used in IoTs but also provide a paradigm-shifting technique to harvest mechanical energy.
Novel theranostics based on photosensitizer‐conjugated carbon dots is reported. The prepared C‐dots–Ce6 has good stability and high water dispersibility and solubility, non‐cytotoxicity, good ...biocompatibility, enhanced photosensitizer fluorescence detection and remarkable photodynamic efficacy upon irradiation. The C‐dots–Ce6 conjugate is a good candidate with excellent imaging and tumor‐homing ability for NIR fluorescence imaging monitored PDT treatment.
We remove the long standing restriction that plant dynamics in extremum seeking control must be stable and provide an extension that allows single integrators, double integrators, and moderately ...unstable single poles. An application of the result for single and double integrators is in control of autonomous vehicles. Extremum seeking is used for finding a source of a signal (chemical, electromagnetic, etc.) whose strength decays with the distance. This is achieved without the measurement of the position vector and using only the measurement of the scalar signal.
PDF
