Diamond features an attractive combination of outstanding mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties; tunable surface characteristics; and unprecedented biocompatibility. Additionally, ...diamond can possess unique nitrogen-vacancy emission centers that are highly photostable and extremely sensitive to magnetic fields, temperatures, ion concentrations, and spin densities. With these inherent merits, diamond in various nanoscale configurations has demonstrated a variety of distinctive applications in a broad range of fields. In particular, research on diamond nanoparticles (0-dimensional structures) and arrays of diamond nanoneedles/nanowires (1-dimensional structures) has witnessed important and exciting progress in recent years. Here, we systematically review the superior properties of diamond nanomaterials and the nitrogen-vacancy centers they contain as well as their uses in biomedical applications, including biosensing, bioimaging and drug delivery. Moreover, systematic studies of the biocompatibility and toxicity of diamond nanostructures, which constitute an important issue for the biomedical applications of diamond that has not yet been thoroughly addressed in previous reviews, are also discussed. Finally, we present our insights into the key issues concerning these diamond nanomaterials and their future development for applications.
Dependent upon the statistical significance p-value and statistical power, the sample size estimation is widely used in various experimental sciences. Nevertheless, the p-value based paradigm, which ...has resulted in numerous fake conclusions that originate partly from insufficient sample sizes, has been widely criticized in recent years for serious problems. Therefore, I developed a platform-independent computational tool, SampSizeCal, for sample sizes in the paradigm of new statistics. In this tool, both default p-values and the maximum p-values were greatly enhanced, which will lead to the reasonable increase of sample sizes. The computational tool harbors more than 120 sample size methods for experimental designs. SampSizeCal includes both online and offline versions, and can be used for various computing devices (PCs, iPads, smartphones, etc.), operating systems (Windows, Mac, Android, Harmony, etc.) and web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Sougo, 360, etc). It is currently the most comprehensive platform-independent computational tool for sample sizes, and can be used in experimental sciences such as medicine (clinical medicine, experimental zoology, public health, pharmacy, etc.), biology, ecology, agronomy, psychology and engineering technology.
Meta-analysis is a statistical method used in systematic review to quantitatively integrate the results of multiple related studies to obtain a pooled result that can represent these studies. ...Meta-analysis overcomes the limitations of traditional reviews that only conduct qualitative research. In present study, I developed a platform-independent computational tool for meta-analysis. It is a comprehensive tool consisting of a full set of meta-analysis methodology, including the methods for fixed-effects model and random-effects model and the methods for heterogenetity testing in which the effect size tests based heterogeneity testing were proposed. Effect size tests of difference significance for post meta-analysis were also presented. The computational tool is a web browser based meta-analyzer that includes both online and offline versions and can be used on various computing devices (PCs, iPads, smartphones, etc.), operating systems (Windows, Mac, Android, Harmony, etc.) and web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, etc). It can be used in various sciences as medicine, biology, ecology, psychology, sociology, economy, physics and chemistry etc.
The comparison of structural difference between biological communities and the evenness or diversity test of biological communities are always the focus in community studies. In present study, two ...computational tools were developed to conduct non-parametric statistical tests of between-community structural difference, among which a tool is for multi-samples comparison and the other is for single-sample comparison. Various distance measures are available for user's choice. Two computational tools were developed to test community evenness and one tool was based on the randomization test proposed in present study and the other was based on Ewens-Caswell neutrality model. The computational tools include both online and offline versions and can be used on various computing devices (PCs, iPads, smartphones, etc.), operating systems (Windows, Mac, Android, Harmony, etc.) and web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, etc). They can be used in the sciences as ecology and biology, etc.ws, Mac, Android, Harmony, etc.) and web browsers (Chrome, Firefox, etc). They can be used in the sciences as ecology and biology, etc.
In this article, a standalone executable software molVisual3D, for 3D visualization of molecules was developed. It uses the XYZ file of a molecule to generate its 3D graphics. Some parameters can be ...specified by the user. In the generated 3D graphics window, the user can right- or left-click mouse to zoom in or zoom out the 3D graphics, or mouse-drag the graphics to rotate the 3D graphics, or slide scrollbar to vertically or horizontally translate the 3D graphics. The 3D graphics can be saved into an image file (in BMP format). Both molVisual3D and demonstration data files were given.
In this paper we propose a new no-reference (NR) image quality assessment (IQA) metric using the recently revealed free-energy-based brain theory and classical human visual system (HVS)-inspired ...features. The features used can be divided into three groups. The first involves the features inspired by the free energy principle and the structural degradation model. Furthermore, the free energy theory also reveals that the HVS always tries to infer the meaningful part from the visual stimuli. In terms of this finding, we first predict an image that the HVS perceives from a distorted image based on the free energy theory, then the second group of features is composed of some HVS-inspired features (such as structural information and gradient magnitude) computed using the distorted and predicted images. The third group of features quantifies the possible losses of "naturalness" in the distorted image by fitting the generalized Gaussian distribution to mean subtracted contrast normalized coefficients. After feature extraction, our algorithm utilizes the support vector machine based regression module to derive the overall quality score. Experiments on LIVE, TID2008, CSIQ, IVC, and Toyama databases confirm the effectiveness of our introduced NR IQA metric compared to the state-of-the-art.
An executable Java software, netGen, for visualizing networks was developed in present study. An interactive network can be visualized from the specified text or csv data file by using netGen. netGen ...is useful to visualize both undirected and directed networks. Both netGen and demonstration data files are given.
Several digital timers and clocks for desktop computers were developed in present study. Digital timers are used for time control in scientific experiments, dissertation defensing, work debriefing, ...academic lecture, student teaching, etc. Digital timer-counter and clocks are used for field sampling, field observation, ecological experiments, etc. All digital timers and clocks were packed and can be freely downloaded.
Based on the previous web tool, I developed a Matlab software, netVisual, for generating a HTML file from which the user-interface interactive network can be visualized in the web browsers. In the ...network, the user can mouse-press any node to drag the network, to examine network topology, and to evaluate node centrality, etc. It can be freely used and run on popular web browsers as Chrome, etc. Both netVisual and demonstration data files are given.
In present study, a software tool for network analysis is presented. The tool is mainly used to calculate topological properties of the network, detect type of the network, and calculate node ...centralities of the network. Various network properties include total number of nodes, total number of links, clustering coefficient of network, mean link density of network, connectance of network, skewness of degree distribution, aggregation index of network, variation coefficient of network, entropy of network, etc. Binomial distribution, Poisson distribution, exponential distribution, and particularly power law distribution are used for detection of network type. Node centralities used include degree centrality, closeness centrality, and betweenness centrality.
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