Legal judgment prediction is becoming a research hotspot in the legal field as an important artificial intelligence-assisted decision-making tool in legal case management, which is able to predict ...judgment results. In this paper, data from the 2018 China Law Research Cup competition is gathered, and the dataset is preprocessed in the context of international economic law. Then, a multi-task model for legal verdict prediction is proposed, and the training optimization and prediction of the model are designed using CNN, RNN, and LSTM as the semantic coding layer. The model proposed in this paper achieves a significant improvement of 8% and 6% in the accuracy of the model in the prediction of the charging task and the legal sentence task, respectively. In case outcome prediction, the accuracy of the model proposed in this paper is improved by 14.6% on average compared to the feature model-based modeling approach.
The aim of this study is to explore the synergistic effects of hydrothermal co-carbonization of sewage sludge and pinewood sawdust on hydrochar production. Firstly, the effects of mixing ratios on ...hydrothermal carbonization were investigated, and then, the hydrochar was characterized by diverse analytical techniques. The mass balance results indicated that a significant synergistic enhancement occurred in terms of the increased hydrochar yield, organic and carbon retentions. By combining sewage sludge and pinewood sawdust at the mass ratio of 1:1, 58.11 ± 0.91% of hydrochar yield was obtained with high synergistic coefficients (8.41% for hydrochar yield, 13.09% for carbon retention, and 14.92% for organics retention). The hydrochar properties of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and surface functional groups were improved by hydrothermal co-carbonization approach. The FT-IR spectra, CP-MAS 13C NMR and SEM results further indicated that hydrothermal co-carbonization promoted the development of aromaticity and surface structure. Our findings suggested that hydrothermal co-carbonization is a promising strategy to tailor high-performance hydrochar for different applications.
•The mixing ratios of 1:1 showed the better performance in terms of solid yield, carbon and organics retention.•The nitrogen fractions in the solid were increased.•The hydrothermal co-carbonization increased the amount of the surface functional group density of hydrochar by synergism.
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•The waste PVC and pinewood sawdust were employed to produce hydrochar.•Effects of hydrothermal reaction temperature and mixing ratio were investigated.•The effects of Co-HTC on the ...combustion and pyrolysis behavior were evaluated.•The synergistic effect and dichlorination mechanism involved were discussed.
The rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and pinewood sawdust (PS) were selected for co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) process. The effects of hydrothermal reaction temperatures and the mixing ratios of raw materials were fully investigated. The results showed that hydrothermal reaction temperature increased could significantly promote the dechlorination efficiency at the mixing ratio of 1:1, which was 92.98% at 280 °C. The experimental HHV were higher than theoretical value and increased by 4.04%, 8.21% and 2.81% at the mixing ratios of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3. The combustion behavior and the thermodynamic parameters of hydrochar were determined, and the activation energy tended to decrease. The Py-GC/MS analysis showed the changes of the distribution for the pyrolysis product. Aliphatic and aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbons were the main products of hydrochar pyrolysis, and the yield could be promoted by Co-HTC process. According to the FTIR spectrum, elimination and substitution were the primary mechanisms of dechlorination.
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•Carboxylate MOF materials are summarized for OER application for the first time.•The carboxylate MOFs are categorized according to their compositions and structures.•OER properties ...of carboxylate MOFs are exhaustively compared and summarized.•Outlook is provided based on the analysis of the reported data in literature.
As oxygen evolution reaction (OER) being a critical and bottleneck reaction in a wide range of energy applications, searching for highly-efficient OER electrocatalysts is of great significance. Among numerous candidates, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated outstanding potential due to their exceptional structural advantages. This review summarizes a representative family of MOF materials, the carboxylate-based MOFs and derivatives as electrocatalysts for OER. With various carboxylate-metal coordinations, unique nanostructures can be constructed such as nanosheets, nanorods, polyhedrons, porous frameworks etc., making them suitable as pristine electrocatalysts or as precursors for carbon-composite catalysts. This review begins with a brief introduction on the structural advantages and synthetic approaches of carboxylate-based MOFs, followed by a discussion on recent advances of these materials in OER, where the effects of structural variation on the catalytic activity are emphasized. Furthermore, several types of the corresponding MOF derivatives are summarized. Finally, outlook on the development of carboxylate-based MOFs and derivatives for OER electrocatalysis is provided.
The ATLANTIC trial reported that higher PD-L1 expression in tumors was involved in a higher objective response in patients with EGFR
/ALK
non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), indicating the ...possibility of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy as a third-line (or later) treatment for advanced NSCLC. Therefore, the determination of status and regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 in EGFR mutant NSCLC before and after acquired EGFR-TKIs resistance are meaningful.
The correlation among PD-L1, c-MET, and HGF was analyzed based on TCGA datasheets and paired NSCLC specimens before and after acquired EGFR-TKI resistance. EGFR-TKI resistant NSCLC cells with three well-known mechanisms, c-MET amplification, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and EGFR-T790M, were investigated to determinate PD-L1 expression status and immune escape ability. PD-L1-deleted EGFR-TKIs sensitive and resistant cells were used to evaluate the immune escape ability of tumors in mice xenograft models.
Positive correlations were found among PD-L1, c-MET, and HGF, based on TCGA datasheets and paired NSCLC specimens. Moreover, the above three resistant mechanisms increased PD-L1 expression and attenuated activation and cytotoxicity of lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo, and downregulation of PD-L1 partially restored the cytotoxicity of lymphocytes. Both MAPK and PI3K pathways were involved in the three types of resistance mechanism-induced PD-L1 overexpression, whereas the NF-kappa B pathway was only involved in T790M-induced PD-L1 expression.
HGF, MET-amplification, and EGFR-T790M upregulate PD-L1 expression in NSCLC and promote the immune escape of tumor cells through different mechanisms.
•12 evapotranspiration products were analyzed over conterminous United States (CONUS)•ET products were assessed by AmeriFlux and water balance ET at point and basin scale.•ET uncertainties were ...quantified with three-cornered hat method at basin and CONUS.
Evapotranspiration (ET) products were evaluated over the conterminous United States (CONUS). These products include the following: 1 product from machine learning model (GFET), 3 products based on remotely sensed observations (SSEBop, MOD16 and GLEAM) and 8 products from land surface models in NLDAS-2 (Mosaic, Noah28, SAC and VIC403) and NLDAS-3 (CLSM25, Noah36, NoahMP36 and VIC412). The AmeriFlux observations and water balance derived ET (WBET) were used to validate these products at point and basin scales. The three-corned hat (TCH) method was employed to quantify ET uncertainties over the basin scale and in each grid over the whole CONUS. The ET interannual variability and the impacts of drought on ET were analyzed over the basin scale and Texas. The results indicate that all models are able to capture ET seasonal variations compared to AmeriFlux observations. Over basin scale, all ET products are closely related to WBET with high correlation coefficient values (larger than 0.83). Noah28 (VIC412) has smallest root-mean-square difference (RMSD) of 27.32 mm/year (42.78 mm/year). The uncertainties calculated from TCH method indicate that NLDAS-3 monthly ET products have lower uncertainties (4–7 mm/month) than those from NLDAS-2 ET (7–8 mm/month) and two MODIS ET (MOD16 and SSEBop) (10–15 mm/month). Specifically, ET uncertainty is reduced 47% (19%) for Noah36 (NoahMP36) compared to Noah28; it is reduced 19% for VIC412 compared to VIC403; it is reduced 19% for CLSM25 compared to Mosaic. The GFET (4.37 mm/month) and GLEAM (6.44 mm/month) have comparable low uncertainties with NLDAS-3 ET products. This study provides an important basis for the selection of proper ET data sets for the hydrological analysis over CONUS.
Sepsis is a significant cause of mortality in critically ill patients. Acute lung injury (ALI) is a leading cause of death in these patients. Endothelial cells exposed to the bacterial endotoxin ...lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can progress into pyroptosis, a programmed lysis of cell death triggered by inflammatory caspases. It is characterized by lytic cell death induced by the binding of intracellular LPS to caspases 4/5 in human cells and caspase-11 in mouse cells. In mice,caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis plays an important role in endotoxemia. HMGB1 released into the plasma binds to LPS and is internalized into lysosomes in endothelial cells
via
the advanced glycation end product receptor. In the acidic lysosomal environment, HMGB1 permeates the phospholipid bilayer, which is followed by the leakage of LPS into the cytoplasm and the activation of caspase-11. Heparin is an anticoagulant widely applied in the treatment of thrombotic disease. Previous studies have found that heparin could block caspase-11-dependent inflammatory reactions, decrease sepsis-related mortality, and reduce ALI, independent of its anticoagulant activity. Heparin or modified heparin with no anticoagulant property could inhibit the alarmin HMGB1-LPS interactions, minimize LPS entry into the cytoplasm, and thus blocking caspase-11 activation. Heparin has been studied in septic ALI, but the regulatory mechanism of pulmonary endothelial cell pyroptosis is still unclear. In this paper, we discuss the potential novel role of heparin in the treatment of septic ALI from the unique mechanism of pulmonary endothelial cell pyroptosis.
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•FENDRR is downregulated in NSCLC and inversely associated with prognosis.•FENDRR inhibits the aggressiveness of NSCLC depend on miR-761.•TIMP2 is identified as the downstream target ...of miR-761.•FENDRR suppresses the progression of NSCLC via regulating miR-761/TIMP2.
To explore the roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FOXF1 Adjacent Non-Coding Developmental Regulatory RNA (FENDRR) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The levels of FENDRR in NSCLC cells and tissues were analyzed using qRT-PCR assay. The growth and colony formation abilities of NSCLC cell were analyzed by the MTT and colony formation tests. The mobility and invasiveness of NSCLC cell were analyzed using the wound closure and Transwell invasion assay. The impact of FENDRR on the tumor growth of NSCLC cells in vivo was detected using xenograft model. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter gene bioassay were selected to identify the bindings sites between miR-761 and FENDRR. Additional, the results of Transwell invasion and colony formation experiments indicated that FENDRR inhibited the aggressiveness of NSCLC depend on miR-761. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) was identified as the downstream target of miR-761 and its level was positively regulated by FENDRR. Cotransfection assays using A549 and H1975 cells future implied that downexpression of TIMP2 rescued the aggressiveness phenotypes of NSCLC cell inhibited by FENDRR. Altogether, we demonstrated that lncRNA FENDRR suppressed the progression of NSCLC via binding to miR-761 and regulating TIMP2 expression.
The slow redox kinetics during cycling process and the serious shuttle effect caused by the solubility of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) dramatically hinder the practical application of Li‐S batteries. ...Herein, a facile and scalable spray‐drying strategy is presented to construct conductive polar Mo2C quantum dots‐decorated carbon nanotube (CNT) networks (MCN) as an efficient absorbent and electrocatalyst for Li‐S batteries. The results reveal that the MCN/S electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 1303.3 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C, and ultrastable cycling stability with decay of 0.019% per cycle even at 1 C. Theoretical simulation uncovers that Mo2C exhibits much stronger binding energies for S8 and Li2Sn. The energy barrier for the conversion between Li2S4 and Li2S2 decreases from 1.02 to 0.72 eV when hybriding with Mo2C. Furthermore, in situ discharge/charge‐dependent Raman spectroscopy shows that long‐chain Li2S8 configuration is generated via S8 ring opening near the first plateaus at ≈2.36 V versus Li/Li+ and the S62− configuration in CNT/S electrode is maintained below the potential of ≈2.30 V versus Li/Li+, indicating that the shuttle of soluble LiPSs happens during the whole discharge process. This work provides deep insights into the polar nanoarchitecture design and scalable fabrication for advanced Li‐S batteries.
Mo2C quantum dots (QDs)‐decorated carbon nanotube networks are synthesized by a facile spray‐drying strategy. The excellent catalytic property of conductive Mo2C QDs can guarantee the fast redox kinetics and effective conversion of Li polysulfides thus dramatically suppress the shuttle effect in Li‐S batteries. This research provides a novel approach for the design of sulfur hosts.
Plants deploy numerous cell surface-localized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive host- and microbe-derived molecular patterns that are specifically released during infection and ...activate defense responses. The activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases MPK3, MPK4, and MPK6 (MPK3/4/6) is a hallmark of immune system activation by all known PRRs and is crucial for establishing disease resistance. The MAP kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) MEKK1 controls MPK4 activation, but the MAPKKKs responsible for MPK3/6 activation downstream of diverse PRRs and how the perception of diverse molecular patterns leads to the activation of MAPKKKs remain elusive. Here, we show that two highly related MAPKKKs, MAPKKK3 and MAPKKK5, mediate MPK3/6 activation by at least four PRRs and confer resistance to bacterial and fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana. The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases VII (RLCK VII), which act downstream of PRRs, directly phosphorylate MAPKKK5 Ser-599, which is required for pattern-triggered MPK3/6 activation, defense gene expression, and disease resistance. Surprisingly, MPK6 further phosphorylates MAPKKK5 Ser-682 and Ser-692 to enhance MPK3/6 activation and disease resistance, pointing to a positive feedback mechanism. Finally, MEKK1 Ser-603 is phosphorylated by both RLCK VII and MPK4, which is required for pattern-triggered MPK4 activation. These findings illustrate central mechanisms by which multiple PRRs activate MAPK cascades and disease resistance.
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