•Barbigerone complexes with HP-β-CD were prepared by a simple coevaporation method.•The bar-HP-β-CD complexes were characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, XRD and SEM.•The water solubility of ...barbigerone was remarkably increased by the solubilizing effects of HP-β-CD.•The bar-HP-β-CD complexes still maintain good anti-tumor activities in vitro.
The aim of this study was to improve the water solubility of barbigerone by complexing it with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). The inclusion complexation behavior, characterization and interactions of barbigerone with HP-β-CD were investigated in both solution and the solid state by means of UV/VIS, 1H NMR, FT-IR, PXRD, SEM. All the characterization information demonstrated the formation of barbigerone-HP-β-CD (bar-HP-β-CD) inclusion complex, and the bar-HP-β-CD inclusion compounds exhibited different spectroscopic features and properties from barbigerone. The results demonstrated that the water solubility of barbigerone was notably increased in the presence of HP-β-CD. Furthermore, preliminary in vitro cytotoxicity assay showed that bar-HP-β-CD still maintain the anticancer activity of barbigerone. These results suggest that HP-β-CD will be potentially useful in the delivery of water-insoluble anticancer agents such as barbigerone.
The effects of tea polyphenol on quality and shelf life of pork sausages stored at 20 °C for 42 days were examined. The control and the treated sausage samples added with 0.03 % tea polyphenol were ...analyzed periodically for microbiological (total viable counts and lactic acid bacteria counts), physical (Hunter color of L
*
, a
*
, b
*
), chemical (pH, TBA value) and sensory characteristics. It was found that samples added with tea polyphenol showed lower changes in total viable count, pH, TBA value and sensory characteristics than control samples, respectively. The results indicated that the sausage samples with tea polyphenol added was to enable the good quality and sensory characteristics than the control sausage samples and prolonged the shelf life of the sausages.
The performance of microalgae-based wastewater treatment processes for ammonium-N (NH4+-N) removal depends on the maintenance of a favorable pH that is critical for minimizing nitrogen escape in the ...form of free ammonia (NH3) and preventing high-NH3 or extreme-pH stress. This study developed a CO2-inorganic carbon (CO2-IC) buffering system that automatically stabilized pH with the supply of a carbon source for efficient photosynthetic reclamation of NH4+-N by a euryhaline microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis. The soluble (NaHCO3) and insoluble (CaCO3 and MgCO3) ICs were compared for this purpose. The pH was well controlled in the range of 6.5~8.5 in the CO2-IC system, which was suitable for the photosynthetic growth of T. subcordiformis. The NH4+-N (100 mg/L) was almost completely removed in three days, with the maximum removal rate of 60.13 mg N/L/day and minimal N escape of 19.65% obtained in the CO2-NaHCO3 system. The CO2-IC system also restricted the release of extracellular organic matter by preventing stress conditions. The CO2-NaHCO3 system enabled the highest “normal” starch production suitable for fermentation, while the CO2-CaCO3/MgCO3 system facilitated high-amylose starch accumulation that was conducive to producing bio-based materials and health-promoting ingredients. The proteins accumulated in T. subcordiformis were of good quality for animal feeds.
Microalgal starch is considered as renewable and sustainable feedstock for biofuels and biorefinery. High cell density culture is favourable for photoautotrophic starch production in microalgae in ...the aspects of productivity and economy, but it often encounters low starch content or extra stress exposure that limits the production. This study aimed to economically enhance photosynthetic starch production from CO
2
fixation in a green microalga
Tetraselmis subcordiformis
by regulating photosynthetic stress status with a signalling molecule γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) combined with the application of high initial cell density culture. By increasing initial cell density (ICD) from the normal of 1.1 g L
−1
(NICD) to as high as 2.8 g L
−1
(HICD), the starch content, yield, and theoretical productivity were improved by 7%, 63%, and 42%, respectively. The addition of GABA under HICD resulted in 14%, 19%, and 26% of further enhancement in starch content, yield, and theoretical productivity, respectively. GABA exhibited distinct regulatory mechanisms on photosynthesis and stress status under HICD relative to NICD. GABA augmented excessive light energy absorption and electron transfer through photosystem II that reinforced the photoinhibition under NICD, while alleviated the stress reversely under HICD, both of which facilitated starch production by enabling a suitable stress status while simultaneously maintaining a sufficient photosynthetic activity. The increase of ICD and/or GABA supply particularly boosted amylopectin accumulation, leading to the changes in starch composition and was more favourable for fermentation-based biofuels production. Preliminary techno-economic analysis showed that the highest net extra benefit of 9.64 $ m
−3
culture could be obtained under HICD with 2.5 mM GABA supply where high starch content (62%DW) and yield (2.5 g L
−1
) were achieved. The combined HICD-GABA regulation was a promising strategy for economic starch production from CO
2
by microalgae for sustainable biomanufacturing.
Graphical Abstract
•An unusual P precursor of ATP is applied for Ni2P/biocarbon synthesis for the first time.•Ni2P nanoparticles are loaded on N/P-doped biocarbon with thin layer sheet-like structure.•Fast reaction ...kinetic and good reusability are found for Ni2P/biocarbon in 4-NP reduction.•The synergistic effects of Ni2P and biocarbon enable its superior activity.
Conversion of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) through advanced reduction process is important to lower the hazardous risk of 4-NP, which requires the development of highly efficient catalyst. Herein, we proposed a novel strategy to fabricate nickel phosphide/carbon composite for 4-NP reduction in the presence of NaBH4. An unusual precursor of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) was applied to provide the essential phosphorus and carbon elements for nickel phosphide and biocarbon, respectively. ATP-Ni complex was firstly prepared and then transformed to nickel phosphide/biocarbon composite by an anoxic pyrolysis treatment. Material characterizations confirmed both large particles of hundreds of nanometers and small particles of ∼2.4 nm existing for Ni2P, which were dispersed on N/P-doped biocarbon with thin layer sheet-like structure. When applied for 4-NP reduction, Ni2P/BC exhibited fast reaction kinetic with a pseudo-first-order reaction rate constant of 0.019 s−1 (normalized rate constant 253 s−1 g−1) and good reusability in 10 consecutive reaction runs (95.8% conversion efficiency). It is suggested that such superior activity may originate from the high affinity of Ni2P/BC towards reactants and the good electron transfer ability of Ni2P/BC. This study not only enriches the synthesis strategy of transition metal phosphide, but also provides a superior catalyst for advanced reduction process.
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•CEWH was illustrated to be a superior carbon source to glucose.•Lipid production by Chlorella vulgaris was enhanced by fed-batch culture.•The extracted microalgal lipid was transmethylated to ...biodiesel and analyzed.•Cyperus esculentus waste was proved to be an alternative feedstock for biodiesel.
To reduce the cost of algal-based biodiesel, a waste material from oil industry, Cyperus esculentus waste, was used as the carbon source of the oleaginous microalgae Chlorella vulgaris. It demonstrated that C. vulgaris grew better in C. esculentus waste hydrolysate (CEWH1CEWH: Cyperus esculentus waste hydrolysate.1) than in glucose medium under the same reducing sugar concentration. CEWH concentration influenced the cell growth and lipid production significantly. The maximum lipid productivity 438.85mgl−1d−1 was achieved at 40gl−1. Fed-batch culture was performed to further enhance lipid production. The maximum biomass, lipid content and lipid productivity were 20.75gl−1, 36.52%, and 621.53mgl−1d−1, respectively. The produced biodiesel was analyzed by GC–MS and the results suggested that lipids produced from CEWH could be a potential feedstock for biodiesel production.
In this study, the negative DIBL (N-DIBL), negative differential resistance (NDR), and Miller effect of a negative capacitance nanowire filed-effect-transistor (negative capacitance (NC) NWFET) were ...analyzed by employing the custom-built SPICE model. In the simulation, the minimum subthreshold swing (SS) reduced to 40 mV/decade with negligible hysteresis, and the on-current amplified by approximately three times. The N-DIBL effect was analyzed by building a model, and the results indicated that the N-DIBL is negatively correlated with the SS. Hence, it is indispensable to make trade-offs between the N-DIBL and SS in NC NWFET applications. Moreover, the Miller effect of a NCFET-based inverter was investigated for the first time. The Miller effect of the NC NWFET-based inverter was considerably improved owing to a high on-current and negative internal gate voltage (when external gate voltage is set to 0V), which is beneficial for high-speed circuit building based on NC NWFETs. The overshoot of the NC NWFET-based inverter is 43.1% less than that of the NWFET-based inverter, and the propagation delay of the NC NWFET-based inverter is 73.1% less than that of the NWFET-based inverter at ferroelectric thickness TFE=3nm.
The effect of an antioxidant from bamboo leaves (AOB) combined with tea polyphenol (TP) on biogenic amine accumulation and lipid oxidation in pork sausages during storage was investigated. The ...peroxide (POV) and the 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values were determined for 8 biogenic amines. Treatment with AOB combined with TP showed a significant (
p
<0.05) antioxidative effect with lower POV and TBA values, and suppression of accumulation of the total level of biogenic amines, and the individual biogenic amines tryptamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine, compared to control sausages. Treatment with AOB combined with TP is a promising candidate for retardation of lipid oxidation and prevention of biogenic amine formation in pork sausages.
Semiconductor nanowires have great application prospects in field effect transistors and sensors. In this study, the process and challenges of manufacturing vertical SiGe/Si nanowire array by using ...the conventional lithography and novel dry atomic layer etching technology. The final results demonstrate that vertical nanowires with a diameter less than 20 nm can be obtained. The diameter of nanowires is adjustable with an accuracy error less than 0.3 nm. This technology provides a new way for advanced 3D transistors and sensors.
Vertical gate-all-around field-effect transistors (vGAAFETs) are considered as the potential candidates to replace FinFETs for advanced integrated circuit manufacturing technology at/beyond 3-nm ...technology node. A multilayer (ML) of Si/SiGe/Si is commonly grown and processed to form vertical transistors. In this work, the P-incorporation in Si/SiGe/Si and vertical etching of these MLs followed by selective etching SiGe in lateral direction to form structures for vGAAFET have been studied. Several strategies were proposed for the epitaxy such as hydrogen purging to deplete the access of P atoms on Si surface, and/or inserting a Si or Si
0.93
Ge
0.07
spacers on both sides of P-doped Si layers, and substituting SiH
4
by SiH
2
Cl
2
(DCS). Experimental results showed that the segregation and auto-doping could also be relieved by adding 7% Ge to P-doped Si. The structure had good lattice quality and almost had no strain relaxation. The selective etching between P-doped Si (or P-doped Si
0.93
Ge
0.07
) and SiGe was also discussed by using wet and dry etching. The performance and selectivity of different etching methods were also compared. This paper provides knowledge of how to deal with the challenges or difficulties of epitaxy and etching of n-type layers in vertical GAAFETs structure.
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