Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), which is a kind of noncoding RNA, is generally characterized as being more than 200 nucleotide transcripts in length. LncRNAs exhibit many biological activities, ...including, but not limited to, cancer development. In this review, a search of the PubMed database was performed to identify relevant studies published in English. The term "lncRNA or long non-coding RNA" was combined with a range of search terms related to the core focus of the review: mechanism, structure, regulation, and cancer. The eligibility of the retrieved studies was mainly based on the abstract. The decision as to whether or not the study was included in this review was made after a careful assessment of its content. The reference lists were also checked to identify any other study that could be relevant to this review. We first summarized the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis, including competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms, epigenetic regulation, decoy and scaffold mechanisms, mRNA and protein stability regulation, transcriptional and translational regulation, miRNA processing regulation, and the architectural role of lncRNAs, which will help a broad audience better understand how lncRNAs work in cancer. Second, we introduced recent studies to elucidate the structure of lncRNAs, as there is a link between lncRNA structure and function and visualizing the architectural domains of lncRNAs is vital to understanding their function. Third, we explored emerging evidence for regulators of lncRNA expression, lncRNA turnover, and lncRNA modifications (including 5-methylcytidine, N6-methyladenosine, and adenosine to inosine editing), highlighting the dynamics of lncRNAs. Finally, we used autophagy in cancer as an example to interpret the diverse mechanisms of lncRNAs and introduced clinical trials of lncRNA-based cancer therapies.
With the fast development of industrial Internet of things (IIoT), a large amount of data is being generated continuously by different sources. Storing all the raw data in the IIoT devices locally is ...unwise considering that the end devices' energy and storage spaces are strictly limited. In addition, the devices are unreliable and vulnerable to many threats because the networks may be deployed in remote and unattended areas. In this paper, we discuss the emerging challenges in the aspects of data processing, secure data storage, efficient data retrieval and dynamic data collection in IIoT. Then, we design a flexible and economical framework to solve the problems above by integrating the fog computing and cloud computing. Based on the time latency requirements, the collected data are processed and stored by the edge server or the cloud server. Specifically, all the raw data are first preprocessed by the edge server and then the time-sensitive data (e.g., control information) are used and stored locally. The non-time-sensitive data (e.g., monitored data) are transmitted to the cloud server to support data retrieval and mining in the future. A series of experiments and simulation are conducted to evaluate the performance of our scheme. The results illustrate that the proposed framework can greatly improve the efficiency and security of data storage and retrieval in IIoT.
We know less about viruses than any other lifeform. Fortunately, metagenomics has led to a massive expansion in the known diversity of the virosphere. Here, we discuss how metagenomics has changed ...our understanding of RNA viruses and present some of the remaining challenges, including characterization of the “dark matter” of divergent viral genomes.
We know less about viruses than any other lifeform. Fortunately, metagenomics has led to a massive expansion in the known diversity of the virosphere. Here, we discuss how metagenomics has changed our understanding of RNA viruses and present some of the remaining challenges, including characterization of the “dark matter” of divergent viral genomes.
Emerging infectious diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Zika virus disease, present a major threat to public health
. Despite intense research efforts, how, when and where ...new diseases appear are still a source of considerable uncertainty. A severe respiratory disease was recently reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. As of 25 January 2020, at least 1,975 cases had been reported since the first patient was hospitalized on 12 December 2019. Epidemiological investigations have suggested that the outbreak was associated with a seafood market in Wuhan. Here we study a single patient who was a worker at the market and who was admitted to the Central Hospital of Wuhan on 26 December 2019 while experiencing a severe respiratory syndrome that included fever, dizziness and a cough. Metagenomic RNA sequencing
of a sample of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from the patient identified a new RNA virus strain from the family Coronaviridae, which is designated here 'WH-Human 1' coronavirus (and has also been referred to as '2019-nCoV'). Phylogenetic analysis of the complete viral genome (29,903 nucleotides) revealed that the virus was most closely related (89.1% nucleotide similarity) to a group of SARS-like coronaviruses (genus Betacoronavirus, subgenus Sarbecovirus) that had previously been found in bats in China
. This outbreak highlights the ongoing ability of viral spill-over from animals to cause severe disease in humans.
One of remarkable geological and geomorphological features in continental China is the presence of a north–south trending tectonic zone which separates the seismically active Tibetan Plateau to the ...west from the tectonically stable South China and Ordos blocks to the east. The zone also owns a name of “north–south seismic belt” as a large number of great historical earthquakes occur on it. The most recent one, the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, attests its recent tectonic activity. In this review I take the Western Sichuan region as an example to probe the structural styles and kinematic pattern as well as deep geological process associated with tectonic deformation of the north–south trending zone. Through integrated studies on active faults, GPS crustal deformation, and geophysical structure, we show that deformation in the Western Sichuan is governed by interactions among three crustal blocks (Songpan, Chuandian, and South China) of distinctive rheological properties under the tectonic framework that eastward growth of the “soft” Eastern Tibet is blocked by the “hard” lithosphere of the South China block. The left-lateral Xianshuihe Fault continues to the north–south trending fault system without crustal shortening to form a bounding fault to limit the northern extend of the magnificent clockwise rotation of crustal material around the Eastern Himalaya Syntax. Upper crust of the three blocks is dominated by brittle deformation, whereas the ductile flow of lower crust would drag the brittle upper crustal blocks to move with respect to each other. The relative motions among the brittle upper crustal blocks cause strain accumulations among their bounding faults to generate large earthquakes. Deformation of the Western Sichuan region can thus be described in terms of combined model of rigid block movement and continuous deformation. We suggest this combined model can be applied to entire continental China.
► Deformation is governed by interactions among three crustal blocks of distinctive rheological properties. ► Left-lateral strike-slip faults play major role of tectonic deformation. ► Ductile flow of lower crust drags the brittle upper crustal blocks to move and rotate with respect to each other. ► Present-day tectonics can be described by a combined model of rigid block movement and continuous deformation.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is an analytical detection technique based on atomic emission spectroscopy to measure the elemental composition. LIBS has been extensively studied and ...developed due to the non-contact, fast response, high sensitivity, real-time and multi-elemental detection features. The development and applications of LIBS technique in Asia are summarized and discussed in this review paper. The researchers in Asia work on different aspects of the LIBS study in fundamentals, data processing and modeling, applications and instrumentations. According to the current research status, the challenges, opportunities and further development of LIBS technique in Asia are also evaluated to promote LIBS research and its applications.
Two pure silver nanoparticles (Ag210(iPrPhS)71(Ph3P)5Cl and Ag211(iPrPhS)71(Ph3P)6Cl labeled as SD/Ag210 and SD/Ag211 (SD=SunDi), were found to co‐crystallize in forming compound 1. Single‐crystal ...X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD) revealed that they differ by only one Ag(PPh3). Their four‐shell nanoparticles consist of three pure Ag metal shells (Ag19@Ag52@Ag45) shielded by a silver‐organic Ag89(iPrPhS)71ClAg(Ph3P)n outermost shell. The number (n) of Ag(Ph3P) is five for SD/Ag210 and six for SD/Ag211. The pseudo‐fivefold symmetric Ag nanoparticles exhibit surface plasmon absorption similar to a true metallic state but at the nanoscale. This work exemplifies the important effects of phosphine in stabilizing large silver nanoparticles; and offers a platform to investigate the origin of differences in nanoscale metal materials, even differing by only one metal atom; it also sheds light on the regioselective binding of auxiliary Ph3P on the surface of silver nanoparticles.
Two in one: Two different silver nanoparticles, Ag210(iPrPhS)71(Ph3P)5Cl and Ag211(iPrPhS)71(Ph3P)6Cl, differing by one Ag center, co‐crystallize in a single crystal. Both silver nanoparticles share the same Russian‐doll Ag19@Ag52@Ag45@Ag89 four‐shell motif covered by the same number of iPrPhS− and Cl− ligands.
In order to explore the challenges and optimization paths faced by ideological and political education in colleges and universities under the Internet environment. This paper establishes a ...comprehensive evaluation model for the ranking of university online public opinion, conducts quantitative posture analysis based on rank affiliation function, starts qualitative posture analysis based on language grade evaluation, determines objective weights of quantitative and qualitative posture ranking indicators by using deviation method, uses binary, ordered ratio method to determine for expert weights, and integrates subjective and objective assignments based on empirical factors. After establishing the comprehensive evaluation of the posture level of college network public opinion, the influence of network public opinion on thinking and political education was analyzed: bad network information can easily distort college students’ ideology and value orientation, and the posture level evaluation of the influence of network public opinion on college students’ values reached −0.85. Meanwhile, the network public opinion hinders the formation of the moral sentiment of college students, and the posture level evaluation of the influence reached −0.67. This study analyzes the influence of college network public opinion on thinking and politics from both qualitative and quantitative aspects and provides an intentional reference for college thinking and politics education to respond effectively to the network environment.
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