Background
Evidence suggests that patients suffering from angina with no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) experience coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). We aimed to understand the ...diagnosis value of noninvasive myocardial work indices (MWIs) with left ventricular pressure-strain loop (LV PSL) by echocardiography in ANOCA patients with CMD.
Methods
97 patients with ANOCA were recruited. All subjects underwent standard echocardiography with traditional ultrasound parameters, two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography with global longitudinal strain (GLS), LV PSL with MWIs include global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global waste work (GWW) and global work efficiency (GWE). In addition, all enrolled cases underwent high-dose adenosine stress echocardiography (SE) with coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR). CMD was defined as CFVR <2.0.
Results
Of the 97 patients with ANOCA, 52 were placed in the CMD group and 45 in the control group. GWI and GCW were decreased significantly in the CMD group compared with the control group (
P
< 0.001 for both). GWI and GCW were moderately correlated with CFVR (
r
= 0.430,
P
<
0.001 and
r
= 0.538,
P
<
0.001, respectively). In the multiple logistic regression analyses, GCW was identified as the only independent echocardiography parameter associated with CMD after adjusting for age and baseline APV OR (95%
CI
) 1.009 (1.005–1.013);
P
<
0.001. Moreover, the best predictor of CMD in patients with ANOCA using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was GWI and GCW, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.800 and 0.832, sensitivity of 67.3% and 78.8%, specificity of 80.0% and 75.6%, respectively.
Conclusion
MWIs with LV PSL is a new method to detect LV systolic function noninvasively in ANOCA patients with CMD.
The Role of Interleukins in Colorectal Cancer Li, Jingjing; Huang, Ling; Zhao, Hanzhang ...
International journal of biological sciences,
01/2020, Letnik:
16, Številka:
13
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Despite great progress has been made in treatment strategies, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the predominant life-threatening malignancy with the feature of high morbidity and mortality. It has been ...widely acknowledged that the dysfunction of immune system, including aberrantly expressed cytokines, is strongly correlated with the pathogenesis and progression of colorectal cancer. As one of the most well-known cytokines that were discovered centuries ago, interleukins are now uncovering new insights into colorectal cancer therapy. Herein, we divide currently known interleukins into 6 families, including IL-1 family, IL-2 family, IL-6 family, IL-8 family, IL-10 family and IL-17 family. In addition, we comprehensively reviewed the oncogenic or antitumour function of each interleukin involved in CRC pathogenesis and progression by elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, by providing interleukins-associated clinical trials, we have further driven the profound prospect of interleukins in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
ABSTRACT We illuminate the altered evolution of galaxies in clusters compared to central galaxies by tracking galaxies in the IllustrisTNG300 simulation as they enter isolated clusters of mass 1013 < ...M200,mean/M⊙ < 1015 (at z = 0). We demonstrate significant trends in galaxy properties with residence time (time since first infall) and that there is a population of galaxies that remain star forming even many Gyr after their infall. By comparing the properties of galaxies at their infall time to their properties at z = 0, we show how scaling relations, like the stellar-to-halo mass ratio, shift as galaxies live in the cluster environment. Galaxies with a residence time of 10 Gyr increase their stellar-to-halo mass ratio, by around 1 dex. As measurements of the steepest slope of the galaxy cluster number density profile (Rst), frequently used as a proxy for the splashback radius, have been shown to depend strongly on galaxy selection, we show how Rst depends on galaxy residence time. Using galaxies with residence times less than one cluster crossing time (≈5 Gyr) to measure Rst leads to significant offsets relative to using the entire galaxy population. Galaxies must have had the opportunity to ‘splash back’ to the first caustic to trace out a representative value of Rst, potentially leading to issues for galaxy surveys using ultraviolet-selected galaxies. Our work demonstrates that the evolution of cluster galaxies continues well into their lifetime in the cluster and departs from a typical central galaxy evolutionary path.
The electron donor/acceptor (D/A) heterojunction is the core for photocharge generation and recombination in organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Developing practical methods for the D/A heterojunction ...modification remains challenging and is rarely discussed in OPV research. Herein, the roles of molecular doping at the D/A heterojunction in the charge‐transfer exciton dissociation and detailed energy loss are investigated, and new insights are gained into the functions of doping on the OPV performance. Heterojunction doping simultaneously enhances all three OPV parameters, especially the short‐circuit current (Jsc). It is shown that the Jsc improvement is due to the combined effects of strengthened electric field and reduced activation energy, which is regulated via an entropy‐related mechanism. The performance enhancement is further demonstrated in homojunction devices showing the great potential of interfacial doping to overcome the intrinsic limitation between high Jsc and open‐circuit voltage (Voc) in OPVs.
Direct electrical property regulation of organic semiconductors by heterojunction molecular doping is applied to improve photovoltaic performance in planar heterojunction model devices. The upward charge‐transfer state movement and reduced non‐radiative recombination increase Voc. The significant 20% Jsc increment is ascribed to the doping modified electrostatic field and the entropy‐related activation process at organic heterojunctions.
This study was to explore the correlation between heart rate reserve (HRR) to coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR), using adenosine stress echocardiography (SE), in patients with angina and no ...obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA). 111 ANOCA patients underwent adenosine SE were enrolled, which were divided into two groups, impaired CFVR group (CFVR < 2) and control groups (CFVR ≥ 2). The relationships between HRR and impaired CFVR were explored in total and subgroup to sex. A reduced HRR during adenosine infusion was seen in ANOCA patients with impaired CFVR (25.73 ± 8.39 vs. 34.30 ± 19.93,
P
< 0.001). Compared to respective controls, the blunted HRR to adenosine was more pronounced in female patients (women: 27.21 ± 8.01 vs. 39.48 ± 10.57,
P
< 0.001; men: 24.05 ± 8.70 vs. 29.12 ± 8.69,
P
= 0.041). A strong association between CFVR and a blunted HRR was observed in women (
r
= 0.46,
P
< 0.001), while no association in men (
r
= 0.18,
P
= 0.199). In female, a multivariate logistic regression identified HRR as the strongest negative predictor of impaired CFVR HR (95% CI) = 0.854 (0.764–0.956),
P
= 0.006. Based on the ROC curve, HRR < 35% was a strong indicator of impaired CFVR, with AUC of 0.838, sensitivity of 70%, and specificity of 87% in females. A blunted HRR was seen in patients with impaired CFVR, with a most pronounced effect being seen in female patients. The blunted HRR < 35% is intricately linked to impaired CFVR in women with ANOCA beyond the value of traditional risk factors, which could ultimately contribute to risk stratification of impaired CFVR in such patients.
Abstract
Overfitting is a common and critical challenge for neural networks trained with limited dataset. The conventional solution is software-based regularization algorithms such as Gaussian noise ...injection. Semiconductor noise, such as 1/
f
noise, in artificial neuron/synapse devices, which is often regarded as undesirable disturbance to the hardware neural networks (HNNs), could also play a useful role in suppressing overfitting, but that is as yet unexplored. In this work, we proposed the idea of using 1/
f
noise injection to suppress overfitting in different neural networks, and demonstrated that: (i) 1/
f
noise could suppress the overfitting in multilayer perceptron (MLP) and long short-term memory (LSTM); (ii) 1/
f
noise and Gaussian noise performs similarly for the MLP but differently for the LSTM; (iii) the superior performance of 1/
f
noise on LSTM can be attributed to its intrinsic long range dependence. This work reveals that 1/
f
noise, which is common in semiconductor devices, can be a useful solution to suppress the overfitting in HNNs, and more importantly, further evidents that the imperfectness of semiconductor devices is a rich mine of solutions to boost the development of brain-inspired hardware technologies in the artificial intelligence era.
We illuminate the altered evolution of galaxies in clusters compared to the field by tracking galaxies in the IllustrisTNG300 simulation as they enter isolated clusters of mass \(10^{13} < M_{\rm ...200, mean} / {\rm M}_\odot < 10^{15}\) (at \(z=0\)). We demonstrate significant trends in galaxy properties with residence time (time since first infall) and that there is a population of galaxies that remain star-forming even many Gyrs after their infall. By comparing the properties of galaxies at their infall time to their properties at \(z=0\), we show how scaling relations, like the stellar-to-halo mass ratio, shift as galaxies live in the cluster environment. Galaxies with a residence time of 10 Gyr increase their stellar-to-halo mass ratio, by around 1 dex. As measurements of the steepest slope of the galaxy cluster number density profile (\(R_{\rm st}\)), frequently used as a proxy for the splashback radius, have been shown to depend strongly on galaxy selection, we show how \(R_{\rm st}\) depends on galaxy residence time. Using galaxies with residence times less than one cluster crossing time (\(\approx 5\) Gyr) to measure \(R_{\rm st}\) leads to significant offsets relative to using the entire galaxy population. Galaxies must have had the opportunity to `splash back' to the first caustic to trace out a representative value of \(R_{\rm st}\), potentially leading to issues for galaxy surveys using UV-selected galaxies. Our wok demonstrates that the evolution of cluster galaxies continues well into their lifetime in the cluster and departs from a typical field galaxy evolutionary path.
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