As a side effect of increasingly popular social media, cyberbullying has emerged as a serious problem afflicting children, adolescents and young adults. Machine learning techniques make automatic ...detection of bullying messages in social media possible, and this could help to construct a healthy and safe social media environment. In this meaningful research area, one critical issue is robust and discriminative numerical representation learning of text messages. In this paper, we propose a new representation learning method to tackle this problem. Our method named semantic-enhanced marginalized denoising auto-encoder (smSDA) is developed via semantic extension of the popular deep learning model stacked denoising autoencoder (SDA). The semantic extension consists of semantic dropout noise and sparsity constraints, where the semantic dropout noise is designed based on domain knowledge and the word embedding technique. Our proposed method is able to exploit the hidden feature structure of bullying information and learn a robust and discriminative representation of text. Comprehensive experiments on two public cyberbullying corpora (Twitter and MySpace) are conducted, and the results show that our proposed approaches outperform other baseline text representation learning methods.
Abstract
How serpentinites in the forearc mantle and subducted lithosphere become involved in enriching the subarc mantle source of arc magmas is controversial. Here we report molybdenum isotopes for ...primitive submarine lavas and serpentinites from active volcanoes and serpentinite mud volcanoes in the Mariana arc. These data, in combination with radiogenic isotopes and elemental ratios, allow development of a model whereby shallow, partially serpentinized and subducted forearc mantle transfers fluid and melt from the subducted slab into the subarc mantle. These entrained forearc mantle fragments are further metasomatized by slab fluids/melts derived from the dehydration of serpentinites in the subducted lithospheric slab. Multistage breakdown of serpentinites in the subduction channel ultimately releases fluids/melts that trigger Mariana volcanic front volcanism. Serpentinites dragged down from the forearc mantle are likely exhausted at >200 km depth, after which slab-derived serpentinites are responsible for generating slab melts.
State‐of‐the‐art proton exchange membranes (PEMs) often suffer from significantly reduced conductivity under low relative humidity, hampering their efficient application in fuel cells. Covalent ...organic frameworks (COFs) with pre‐designable and well‐defined structures hold promise to cope with the above challenge. However, fabricating defect‐free, robust COF membranes proves an extremely difficult task due to the poor processability of COF materials. Herein, a bottom‐up approach is developed to synthesize intrinsic proton‐conducting COF (IPC‐COF) nanosheets (NUS‐9) in aqueous solutions via diffusion and solvent co‐mediated modulation, enabling a controlled nucleation and in‐plane‐dominated IPC‐COF growth. These nanosheets allow the facile fabrication of IPC‐COF membranes. IPC‐COF membranes with crystalline, rigid ion nanochannels exhibit a weakly humidity‐dependent conductivity over a wide range of humidity (30–98%), 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than that of benchmark PEMs, and a prominent fuel cell performance of 0.93 W cm−2 at 35% RH and 80 °C arising from superior water retention and Grotthuss mechanism‐dominated proton conduction.
A bottom‐up approach based on the diffusion and solvent co‐mediated growth of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is proposed to synthesize nanosheets of a highly crystalline, intrinsically proton‐conducting COF (IPC‐COF) in aqueous solution. The high‐quality IPC‐COF nanosheets allow the fabrication of defect‐free and robust IPC‐COF membranes that exhibit a weakly humidity‐dependent proton conduction and a prominent fuel‐cell performance.
Chitin deacetylase (CDA) can accelerate the conversion of chitin to chitosan, influencing the mechanical properties and permeability of the cuticle structures and the peritrophic membrane (PM) in ...insects. Putative Group V CDAs SeCDA6/7/8/9 (SeCDAs) were identified and characterized from beet armyworm
larvae. The cDNAs of
contained open reading frames of 1164 bp, 1137 bp, 1158 bp and 1152 bp, respectively. The deduced protein sequences showed that SeCDAs are synthesized as preproteins of 387, 378, 385 and 383 amino acid residues, respectively. It was revealed via spatiotemporal expression analysis that
were more abundant in the anterior region of the midgut. The
were down-regulated after treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E). After treatment with a juvenile hormone analog (JHA), the expression of
and
was down-regulated; in contrast, the expression of
and
was up-regulated. After silencing
(the conserved sequences of Group V CDAs) via RNA interference (RNAi), the layer of intestinal wall cells in the midgut became more compact and more evenly distributed. The vesicles in the midgut were small and more fragmented or disappeared after
were silenced. Additionally, the PM structure was scarce, and the chitin microfilament structure was loose and chaotic. It was indicated in all of the above results that Group V CDAs are essential for the growth and structuring of the intestinal wall cell layer in the midgut of
. Additionally, the midgut tissue and the PM structure and composition were affected by Group V CDAs.
A route for the construction of all‐carbon tetra‐substituted olefins through visible‐light promoted coupling of diazo compounds with iodonium ylides was developed. A wide range of all‐carbon ...tetra‐substituted olefins was obtained in moderate to good yields. The synthetic values of the current method were further approved by the synthesis of natural isolates modified alkenes and the successful transformation of final olefins into important heterocycles.
Realism in the visual arts is both an old and current issue. Famously, when the Lumière brothers showed “The Arrival of a Train at La Ciotat” in 1895, the audience was so surprised that they ran away ...from the screen, toward the back of the room. This can be said to be the result of the high degree of realism conveyed by the film and the reality of the image of the train perceived by the audience.Today, the issue of realism has shifted from reconstructing the real world through computer-generated imagery to the pursuit of unrealistic “fictional realism” and “realism created by artists”. This shift has given rise to a range of new issues that need to be examined, from advanced image-creation technologies to the creative consciousness of artists.In this paper, I examine the approach toward realism in animation from the perspective of dynamic technology and its expressive power as well as by confirming the film theory of André Bazin. Specifically, I analyze realism in animation by comparing Disney’s 1994 and 2019 versions of the “The Lion King.” In addition, I discuss the creative process of the artist who made the 2017 experimental animated short “Ugly.”The purpose of this paper is to clarify the transformation of animated expression by examining computer graphics technology and its application in animation, as well as to suggest the direction of future activities by artists whose medium is computer graphics.
Hexi Corridor is the most important base of commodity grain and producing area for cash crops. However, the rapid development of agriculture and industry has inevitably led to heavy metal ...contamination in the soils. Multivariate statistical analysis, GIS-based geostatistical methods and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) receptor modeling techniques were used to understand the levels of heavy metals and their source apportionment for agricultural soil in Hexi Corridor. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were lower than the secondary standard of soil environmental quality; however, the concentrations of eight metals (Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn) were higher than background values, and their corresponding enrichment factor values were significantly greater than 1. Different degrees of heavy metal pollution occurred in the agricultural soils; specifically, Ni had the most potential for impacting human health. The results from the multivariate statistical analysis and GIS-based geostatistical methods indicated both natural sources (Co and W) and anthropogenic sources (Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn). To better identify pollution sources of heavy metals in the agricultural soils, the PMF model was applied. Further source apportionment revealed that enrichments of Pb and Zn were attributed to traffic sources; Cr and Ni were closely related to industrial activities, including mining, smelting, coal combustion, iron and steel production and metal processing; Zn and Cu originated from agricultural activities; and V, Ti and Mn were derived from oil- and coal-related activities.
Display omitted
•PCA and kriging interpolation introduced natural and anthropogenic sources.•Ni was the most potential for human health in Hexi Corridor farmland.•Using PMF to analyze sources of heavy metals in northwestern China.•Three anthropogenic sources were identified and quantified by PMF.
In this article, we investigate a communication and computation problem for industrial Internet of Things (IoT) networks, where <inline-formula><tex-math ...notation="LaTeX">K</tex-math></inline-formula> relays can help accomplish the computation tasks with the assist of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">M</tex-math></inline-formula> computational access points. In industrial IoT networks, latency and energy consumption are two important metrics of interest to measure the system performance. To enhance the system performance, a three-hierarchical optimization framework is proposed to reduce the latency and energy consumption, which involves bandwidth allocation, offloading, and relay selection. Specifically, we first optimize the bandwidth allocation by presenting three schemes for the second-hop wireless relaying. We then optimize the computation offloading based on the discrete particle swarm optimization algorithm. We further present three relay selection criteria by taking into account the tradeoff between the system performance and implementation complexity. Simulation results are finally demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed three-hierarchical optimization framework.
PDF
