Described herein is the first intermolecular σ‐bond exchange reaction between the C−C bond of cyclopropenones and C−Si bond of (benzo)silacyclobutanes and it proceeds smoothly by treatment with ...either 1 mol % of a palladium or 2 mol % of a nickel catalyst. This reaction constitutes an unprecedented route for the synthesis of various sila(benzo)suberones. And it is also the first example of a σ‐bond exchange reaction involving cyclopropenones.
The exchange: Described is the first intermolecular σ‐bond cross‐exchange reaction between the C−C bond of cyclopropenones and the C−Si bond of (benzo)silacyclobutanes. The reaction constitutes the first catalytic method for the synthesis of a variety of sila(benzo)suberones. cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene.
We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak.
An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a ...total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2).
Compared with nonmedical health workers (n = 1,255), medical health workers (n = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, p < 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; p< 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p ≤ 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05).
During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to serious motor and sensory dysfunction of the limbs below the injured segment. SCI not only results in physical and psychological harm to patients but can also ...cause a huge economic burden on their families and society. As there is no effective treatment method, the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of patients with SCI have become urgent problems to be solved. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have attracted more attention in the treatment of SCI. Although MSC therapy can reduce injured volume and promote axonal regeneration, its application is limited by tumorigenicity, a low survival rate, and immune rejection. Accumulating literature shows that exosomes have great potential in the treatment of SCI. In this review, we summarize the existing MSC-derived exosome studies on SCI and discuss the advantages and challenges of treating SCI based on exosomes derived from MSCs.
Various surgical techniques and conservative therapies are useful tools for treating proximal humerus fractures (PHFs), but it is important to understand how to properly utilize them. Therefore, we ...performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare and rank the efficacy and safety of medical treatments for PHF.
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and the ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from inception until June 2022. Conservative therapy-controlled or head-to-head RCTs of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF), intramedullary nailing (IMN), hemiarthroplasty (HA), and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) used for the treatment of adult patients with PHF were included. The surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) probabilities were applied to compare and rank the effects of medical treatments for PHF.
Eighteen RCTs involving 1,182 patients with PHF were selected for the final analysis. Mostly baseline characteristics among groups were well balanced, and the imbalanced factors only included age, injury type, medial comminution, blood loss, and cognitive function in single trial. The SUCRA probabilities found that RTSA provided the best effect on the Constant-Murley score (SUCRA: 100.0%), and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score (SUCRA: 99.0%). Moreover, HA (SUCRA: 85.5%) and RTSA (SUCRA: 68.0%) had a relatively better effect on health-related quality of life than the other treatment modalities. Furthermore, conservative therapy (SUCRA: 84.3%) and RTSA (SUCRA: 80.7%) were associated with a lower risk of secondary surgery. Finally, the best effects on the risk of complications are varied, including infection was observed with conservative therapy (SUCRA: 94.2%); avascular necrosis was observed in HA (SUCRA: 78.1%), nonunion was observed in RTSA (SUCRA: 69.6%), and osteoarthritis was observed in HA (SUCRA: 93.9%).
This study found that RTSA was associated with better functional outcomes, while the comparative outcomes of secondary surgery and complications varied. Optimal treatment for PHF should consider patient-specific factors.
Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in the field of epitranscriptomics. Functional interpretation of the epitranscriptome relies on sequencing technologies that determine the location and ...stoichiometry of various RNA modifications. However, contradictory results have been reported among studies, bringing the biological impacts of certain RNA modifications into doubt. Here, we develop a synthetic RNA library resembling the endogenous transcriptome but without any RNA modification. By incorporating this modification-free RNA library into established mapping techniques as a negative control, we reveal abundant false positives resulting from sequence bias or RNA structure. After calibration, precise and quantitative mapping expands the understanding of two representative modification types, N
-methyladenosine (m
A) and 5-methylcytosine (m
C). We propose that this approach provides a systematic solution for the calibration of various RNA-modification mappings and holds great promise in epitranscriptomic studies.
The Jesuit missionary in Fujian, Giulio Aleni, ingeniously integrated Christian teaching concerning the soul into the traditional Chinese understanding of human nature. He adeptly reconciled the ...Christian notion of the soul, created by God, with the neo-Confucian belief in human nature bestowed by heaven. However, during the late Ming period, Chinese Buddhist thinkers held a contrasting perspective rooted in the Buddha-nature theory. According to this theory, Buddha-nature is intrinsic to every sentient being, devoid of a Creator. This fundamental discord in the understanding of human nature sparked intense debates between Jesuit missionaries and Buddhists in the Fujian–Zhejiang regions. These debates probed intricate themes, ranging from the ontological origin of nature to the associated soteriology surrounding human nature, as well as the hierarchical relationships between humans and other sentient beings.
Lung cancer mortality has decreased over the past decade and can be partly attributed to advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have rapidly evolved from ...investigational drugs to standard of care for the treatment of metastatic non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In particular, antibodies that block inhibitory immune checkpoints, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD‐L1), have revolutionized the treatment of advanced NSCLC, when administered alone or in combination with chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is associated with higher response rates, improved overall survival (OS), and increased tolerability compared with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy. These benefits may increase the utility of immunotherapy and its combinational use with chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant treatment of patients with NSCLC. Early findings from various ongoing clinical trials suggest that neoadjuvant ICIs alone or combined with chemotherapy may significantly reduce systemic recurrence and improve long‐term OS or cure rates in resectable NSCLC. Here we further summarize the safety and efficacy of various neoadjuvant treatment regimens including immunotherapy from ongoing clinical trials and elaborate the role of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with resectable NSCLC. In addition, we discuss several unresolved challenges, including the evaluations to assess neoadjuvant immunotherapy response, the role of adjuvant treatment after neoadjuvant immunotherapy, the efficacy of treatment for oncogenic‐addicted tumors, and predictive biomarkers. We also provide our perspective on ways to overcome current obstacles and establish neoadjuvant immunotherapy as a standard of care.
A strategy of chiral donor–acceptor copolymerization is proposed to develop chiral nonconjugated polymers with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Based on this strategy, two pairs of ...chiral polymers (R,R)‐/(S,S)‐pTpAcDPS and (R,R)‐/(S,S)‐pTpAcBP were synthesized. The alternating copolymerization of the chiral donors and acceptors could effectively separate the frontier molecular orbitals, which made the polymers show small ΔEST of 0.01–0.03 eV and efficient TADF properties. Moreover, the polymers also showed the quantum yield of up to 92 % and the circularly polarized luminescence. The solution‐processed circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes showed circularly polarized electroluminescence signals with high external quantum efficiencies of up to 22.1 % and maximum luminance of up to 34350 cd m−2. This is the first report of CP‐OLEDs based on chiral TADF polymer, which provides a useful and valuable guidance for the development of high‐efficiency CPEL polymers.
Based on a chiral donor–acceptor copolymerization strategy, two pairs of chiral nonconjugated TADF polymers with low ΔEST values and high PLQYs were constructed. The corresponding solution‐processed CP‐OLEDs exhibited intense CPEL signals and high device efficiencies with an EQEmax of up to 22.1 %.
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