Abstract
Based on the LAMOST DR9 Medium Resolution Spectra (MRS) catalog, combined with astrometries from Gaia DR3, we conducted an investigation into the substructures in the stellar halo to obtain ...their chemical and kinematic information. We employed the HDBSCAN algorithm in the (
L
z
,
E
,
L
xy
) space for clustering and utilized Mahalanobis distance to merge the clustering results. Ultimately, within the LAMOST DR9 MRS catalog, we identified members of Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus (GSE), Helmi streams, and the high-
α
disk and in situ halo. Additionally, there are three clusters that cannot be correlated with known substructures. Based on their angular momentum (
L
z
) characteristics, we have tentatively named two of them High-
L
z
-Cluster-1 (HLC-1) and High-
L
z
-Cluster-2 (HLC-2), both exhibiting high angular momentum (
L
z
) features. The third cluster, owing to its extremely low
L
z
, is termed the Low-
L
z
-Cluster. Then detailed analysis about those substructures are executed including member stars’ identification and kinematic and chemical distribution. The resulting GSE member stars exhibit a well-defined metallicity distribution function with its peak at Fe/H ∼ −1.2, consistent with previous findings, and we found there appear to be some differences in the distribution on the
V
total
–
r
gal
plane between GSE and its included Splash component. Regarding Helmi streams, in the Mg/Fe–Fe/H plane we detected potential traces of the
α
-knee phenomenon at Fe/H ∼ −1.53. Finally, we tentatively provide the possible origin for the HLC-1 and HLC-2.
Shuxuening injection (SXNI), a popular herbal medicine, is an extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBE), and is used to treat ischemic stroke (IS) in China. However, its specific active ingredients and ...molecular mechanisms in IS remain unclear.
Aim of the study: The purpose of the research is to identify the main active ingredients in GBE and explore its molecular mechanisms in the treatment of IS.
The main active components of GBE were discerned through the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated Database (TCMID), Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine (BATMAN-TCM) database, and absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) analysis. The targets related to IS were obtained using Genecards, Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM), Therapeutic Target Database (TTD), and Disgenet. We discovered an intersection of genes. Subsequently, protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed with Cytoscape 3.7.1 and the String database. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to analyze the intersection of targets via the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) 6.8. Built on the above analysis, we made a Compound-Target-Pathway (C-T-P) network. Autodock Vina was used for molecular docking analysis. Maestro 11.9 was used to calculate the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD). Animal experiments were performed to verify the core targets. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining was used to calculate the infarct volume in rats. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was employed to observe the morphology of hippocampal neuron cells. RT-qPCR was applied to detect relative mRNA levels, and protein expression was determined using Western blotting.
Molecular docking showed that PTGS2, NOS3 and CASP3 docked with small molecule compounds. According to RT-qPCR and Western blotting, mRNA and protein expression of PTGS2 and CASP3 were up-regulated (P < 0.05), and mRNA and protein levels of NOS3 were down-regulated (P < 0.05).
SXNI can treat IS through multiple targets and routes, and reduce the apoptosis of neuron cells in brain tissue by inhibiting inflammation and regulating the level of oxidative stress, thereby protecting rats brain tissue.
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Abstract
We provide a detailed analysis of the tidal tails of the globular cluster M3 (NGC 5272). We first discover clear extratidal structures with a slight S shape near the cluster. This inspires ...us to examine the existence of its long tidal tails. We highlight potential stream stars using the proper motions (PMs) of a model stream combined with the cluster’s locus in a color–magnitude diagram (CMD). A 35° long leading tail and a 21° long trailing tail are successfully detected at the same time. Their corresponding overdensities can be recognized in CMD and PM space after subtracting the background. We estimate the stream width, star number density, and surface brightness for both tails, as well as the distance variation along the entire stream. We then verify the connection of M3 and the Svöl stream. Finally, we tabulate 11 member stars belonging to the M3 tidal stream with available spectroscopic observations.
Mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) is very important to understand molecular evolution and phylogenetics. Herein, in this study, the complete mitogenome of Sesarmops sinensis was reported. The ...mitogenome was 15,905 bp in size, and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and a control region (CR). The AT skew and the GC skew are both negative in the mitogenomes of S. sinensis. The nucleotide composition of the S. sinensis mitogenome was also biased toward A + T nucleotides (75.7%). All tRNA genes displayed a typical mitochondrial tRNA cloverleaf structure, except for the trnS1 gene, which lacked a dihydroxyuridine arm. S. sinensis exhibits a novel rearrangement compared with the Pancrustacean ground pattern and other Brachyura species. Based on the 13 PCGs, the phylogenetic analysis showed that S. sinensis and Sesarma neglectum were clustered on one branch with high nodal support values, indicating that S. sinensis and S. neglectum have a sister group relationship. The group (S. sinensis + S. neglectum) was sister to (Parasesarmops tripectinis + Metopaulias depressus), suggesting that S. sinensis belongs to Grapsoidea, Sesarmidae. Phylogenetic trees based on amino acid sequences and nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial 13 PCGs using BI and ML respectively indicate that section Eubrachyura consists of four groups clearly. The resulting phylogeny supports the establishment of a separate subsection Potamoida. These four groups correspond to four subsections of Raninoida, Heterotremata, Potamoida, and Thoracotremata.
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are differentially expressed in various cardiovascular disease including myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, their functional impact on cardiomyocyte cell ...death, in particular, in necrotic forms of death remains elusive. In this study, we found that the level of mmu_circ_000338, a cardiac- necroptosis-associated circRNA (CNEACR), was reduced in hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) exposed cardiomyocytes and I/R-injured mice hearts. The enforced expression of CNEACR attenuated the necrotic form of cardiomyocyte death caused by H/R and suppressed of myocardial necrosis in I/R injured mouse heart, which was accompanied by a marked reduction of myocardial infarction size and improved cardiac function. Mechanistically, CNEACR directly binds to histone deacetylase (HDAC7) in the cytoplasm and interferes its nuclear entry. This leads to attenuation of HDAC7-dependent suppression of forkhead box protein A2 (Foxa2) transcription, which can repress receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (Ripk3) gene by binding to its promoter region. In addition, CNEACR-mediated upregulation of FOXA2 inhibited RIPK3-dependent necrotic/necroptotic death of cardiomyocytes. Our study reveals that circRNAs such as CNEACR can regulate the cardiomyocyte necroptosis associated activity of HDACs, promotes cell survival and improves cardiac function in I/R-injured heart. Hence, the CNEACR/HDAC7/Foxa2/ RIPK3 axis could be an efficient target for alleviating myocardial damage caused by necroptotic death in ischemia heart diseases.
Water-in-salt (WIS) electrolytes are successfully introduced into carbon-based supercapacitors to effectively promote energy density. However, temperature-dependent performance of carbon-based ...supercapacitors with these electrolytes is rarely discussed, and the key factors, determined electrochemical performance at a wide temperature range, are not revealed completely. Herein, three rose petal-derived porous carbons (RPC) with different pore properties are prepared by a KOH activation strategy. The electrochemical performance of RPC-based supercapacitors with different concentration LiTFSI WIS electrolytes is investigated from −20 to 100 °C. The working voltage of these supercapacitors can reach 2.4 V, and thus the energy density of RPC supercapacitors with 20 m LiTFSI electrolyte can highly attain 44 W h kg−1 at 564 W kg−1 and 60 °C. Even though the power density is 3.5 kW kg−1 at 25 °C, it can be maintained to 12 W h kg−1. More importantly, the electrochemical performance intimately depends on the temperature. Both electrolyte concentration and pore properties of RPC significantly influence the electrochemical performance of these supercapacitors at different temperature. Therefore, to achieve superior performance for carbon-based supercapacitors with the LiTFSI WIS electrolyte at a wide temperature range, the optimization of electrolyte concentration and rational design for pore properties of carbon materials are essential strategies.
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•Electrochemical performance of RPC supercapacitors is explored from −20 to 100 °C.•Working voltage of RPC supercapacitors can reach 2.4 V.•Energy density of RPC supercapacitors can attain 44 W h kg−1 at 564 W kg−1 and 60 °C.•The electrochemical performance intimately depends on the temperature.•Electrolyte concentration and pore properties influence electrochemical performance.
•Electric field intensity of multilayer of GNPs coupled with gold film was studied.•The RI sensitivity of the double-layer gold nanospheres sensor was 15747 nm/RIU.•The RI sensitivity of the ...double-layer gold nanorods sensor was 25642 nm/RIU.•The LOD of double-layer gold nanospheres biosensor is 10 ng/mL.•The LOD of double-layer gold nanorods biosensor is 4.6 ng/mL.
The main challenge for all biosensors is how to measure the biological samples at very low concentrations. In this paper, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber biosensor using multi-layer gold nanoparticles (Au NPs)/Au film coupling to enhance sensitivity was proposed. The coupling effect between such longitudinally aligned multilayer nanoparticles increases the intensity of the local electromagnetic field and the depth of propagation to the outside. We used the finite element method to analyze the local enhancement effect of multi-layer Au nanospheres and Au nanorods, and the fabricated double-layer Au NPs (Au nanospheres and Au nanorods)/Au film coupling enhancement sensors. These two sensors’ refractive index sensitivities are 15,747 nm/RIU and 25,642 nm/RIU, respectively. By changing biomolecules immobilized on the sensor’s surface, the highly sensitive double-layer Au nanoparticle/Au film fiber sensor enables high-precision measurement of different biomarkers at low concentration. For detection of human IgG, the detection limit of gold nanosphere sensor is 10 ng/mL and gold nanorod sensor is 4.6 ng/mL.
Triclocarban (TCC), a broad-spectrum lipophilic antibacterial agent, is the main ingredient of personal and health care products. Nonetheless, its ubiquitous presence in the environment has been ...established to negatively affect the reproduction in humans and animals. In this work, we studied the possible toxic effects of TCC on mouse oocytes maturation in vitro. Our findings revealed that TCC-treated immature mouse oocytes had a significantly reduced rate of polar body extrusion (PBE) compared to that of control. Further study demonstrated that the cell cycle progression and cytoskeletal dynamics were disrupted after TCC exposure, which resulted in the continuous activation of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Moreover, TCC-treated oocytes had mitochondrial damage, reduced ATP content, and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Furthermore, TCC exposure induced oxidative stress and subsequently triggered early apoptosis in mouse oocytes. Besides, the levels of histone methylation were also affected, as indicated by increased H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 levels. In summary, our results revealed that TCC exposure disrupted mouse oocytes maturation through affecting cell cycle progression, cytoskeletal dynamics, oxidative stress, early apoptosis, mitochondria function, and histone modifications in vitro.
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•TCC exposure perturbed the meiotic maturation of mouse oocytes.•TCC exposure disturbed the cytoskeletal dynamic.•TCC exposure induced mitochondrial dysfunction.•TCC exposure induced oxidative stress and triggered early apoptosis.•TCC exposure affected epigenetic modification.
TCC exposure disrupted mouse oocytes maturation through inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in vitro.
Abstract
The mechanism of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is complex and threatens human health. Cardiomyocyte death is an important participant in the pathophysiological basis of CVDs. Ferroptosis is ...a new type of iron-dependent programmed cell death caused by excessive accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal iron metabolism. Ferroptosis differs from other known cell death pathways, such as apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, autophagy and pyroptosis. Several compounds have been shown to induce or inhibit ferroptosis by regulating related key factors or signalling pathways. Recent studies have confirmed that ferroptosis is associated with the development of diverse CVDs and may be a potential therapeutic drug target for CVDs. In this review, we summarize the characteristics and related mechanisms of ferroptosis and focus on its role in CVDs, with the goal of inspiring novel treatment strategies.
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