Summary
Excessive adiposity and metabolic inflammation are the key risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Juxtaposed with another zinc finger gene 1 (JAZF1) has been identified as a novel ...transcriptional cofactor, with function of regulating glucose and lipid homeostasis and inflammation. JAZF1 is involved in metabolic process of T2DM via interaction with several nuclear receptors and protein kinases. Additionally, increasing evidence from genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) has shown that JAZF1 polymorphisms are closely associated with T2DM. In this review, we have updated the latest research advances on JAZF1 and discussed its regulatory network in T2DM. The association between JAZF1 polymorphisms and T2DM is discussed as well. The information provided is of importance for guiding future studies as well as for the design of JAZF1‐based T2DM therapy.
Businesses often engage in quality improvement efforts to enhance their competitiveness in the market and increase their product sales. However, in a low-carbon economy, it is crucial for enterprises ...to incorporate green development into their business strategies. This paper uses optimal control theory to study the dynamic control problem of enterprise quality improvement and low carbon input under consumer reference quality and reference low carbon, analyzes and compares the input decisions under two conditions of profit maximization by the enterprise and social welfare maximization by the government, explores the system steady-state equilibrium and performs simulation analysis. It is shown that (i) there is a unique saddle-point equilibrium of the system in both cases and it depends on the discount rate and memory parameters (ii) the higher the consumer loyalty to product quality or low-carbon attributes, the corresponding instantaneous investment rate increases (iii) there is a cross-effect of reference quality and reference low-carbon on the firm's decision, and the impact of product quality on the firm's profit is higher than that of low-carbon attributes (iv) the social welfare maximization conditions are all higher than the investment in the firm's profit maximization conditions. Based on this, enterprises can make investment decisions more rationally, while also helping the government conduct macroeconomic regulation and control.
Oxygen excess ratio is one of the most crucial parameters for proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system protection and performance improvement. In this study, a new fuzzy-PID controller based ...on feedforward approach is proposed to regulate oxygen excess ratio. To implement a feedforward fuzzy-PID (FFPID) control, a control-oriented dynamic model of PEM fuel cell is developed in MATLAB/Simulink platform including cathode and anode mass flow transients and membrane hydration dynamics model. Moreover, PEM fuel cell balance-of-plant (BOP), comprised of air compressor, humidifier, cooler, and purge valve, is also integrated into the system modeling. In order to optimize PEM fuel cell operation, such as preventing oxygen starvation and/or optimizing output power by trade-off compressor parasitic power, a FFPID controller is developed to adapt PID parameters to regulate air flow rate using on-line fuzzy logic optimization loop. A FFPID controller utilizes the reference feedforward input and the errors. Conventional PID and conventional fuzzy-PID (CFPID) are compared to validate the performance of the FFPID control method. Simulation results reveal that the efficacy of the proposed feedforward fuzzy-PID approach is proved in regulating the oxygen excess ratio and in reducing parasitic power loss.
•PEM fuel cell system control model with balance-of-plant is presented.•Oxygen excess ratio regulation is developed by using feedforward fuzzy-PID.•Feedforward action provides a feasible way to improve classical fuzzy-PID method.
Factors influencing early implant failure (failure during the healing period) in the rehabilitation and restoration of oral function in partially edentulous patients are unclear.
The purpose of this ...clinical study was to investigate several factors that may be associated with early implant failure.
This retrospective study was conducted on 3247 implants in 2061 patients between 2009 and 2022. Patient-related and surgery-related factors, including smoking; sex; diabetes; bone grafting; implant length, diameter, and design; adjacent teeth; and insertion torque, were manually retrieved and analyzed. Using univariate and multivariate analyses, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model with chi-squared tests was employed to evaluate factors related to early implant failure (the failure before restoration) (α=.05).
The mean ±standard deviation age of the study patients was 49.2 ±15.0 years (range 18 to 91). Ninety-nine implants (3.05%) failed during the healing period. Three factors were statistically significant regarding early implant failure: smoking (odds ratio OR=1.92, P=.008), implant design (tapered implants) (OR=1.84, P=.007), and implant length <10 mm (OR=2.98, P=.011). Factors including diabetes, bone grafting, anatomic location, adjacent teeth (endodontic therapy in the adjacent teeth and the distance between implant and adjacent teeth), healing method, and insertion torque did not exhibit a statistically significant higher early implant failure rate. Ninety-three sites with failed implants received new implants, and 6 of these 93 implants failed during the healing period.
Within the limitation of sample size, smokers, implant length (<10 mm), and implant design (tapered implant) exhibited higher risk of early implant failure in this retrospective study. Implant insertion torque, healing method, adjacent teeth, and diabetes did not significantly influence the risk of early implant failure.
Obesity occurs when overall energy intake surpasses energy expenditure. White adipose tissue is an energy storage site, whereas brown and beige adipose tissues catabolize stored energy to generate ...heat, which protects against obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Metabolites are substrates in metabolic reactions that act as signaling molecules, mediating communication between metabolic sites (i.e., adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and gut microbiota). Although the effects of metabolites from peripheral organs on adipose tissue have been extensively studied, their role in regulating adipocyte thermogenesis requires further investigation. Skeletal muscles and intestinal microorganisms are important metabolic sites in the body, and their metabolites play an important role in obesity. In this review, we consolidated the latest research on skeletal muscles and gut microbiota-derived metabolites that potentially promote adipocyte thermogenesis. Skeletal muscles can release lactate, kynurenic acid, inosine, and β-aminoisobutyric acid, whereas the gut secretes bile acids, butyrate, succinate, cinnabarinic acid, urolithin A, and asparagine. These metabolites function as signaling molecules by interacting with membrane receptors or controlling intracellular enzyme activity. The mechanisms underlying the reciprocal exchange of metabolites between the adipose tissue and other metabolic organs will be a focal point in future studies on obesity. Furthermore, understanding how metabolites regulate adipocyte thermogenesis will provide a basis for establishing new therapeutic targets for obesity.
Background
Periodontal disease closely links to various systemic diseases. This l8‐year retrospective cohort study investigated whether poor periodontal condition may increase the risk for onset of ...systemic comorbidities.
Methods
A total of 488 individual dental folders from 17 400 dental hospital attendees registered from 1996 to 1998 were randomly selected, and these participants were free of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, stroke, cognitive impairment, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in the Clinical Management System. The records of periodontal examination and orthopantomogram on the first registration were obtained, and full‐mouth bone level (BL) was measured. Onsets of the eight comorbidities concerned above until 2016 were retrieved from the system.
Results
The participants with worse periodontal status on their first registration had significantly higher numbers of the eight comorbidities/mortality during the 18‐year follow‐ups than their counterparts (P < 0.05). BL presented as bone loss/age was independently correlated to the comorbidity profiles in two multivariate models (0 to 1 versus ≥2; 0 to 2 versus ≥3) after adjusting for age and sex (odds ratio OR = 1.87; OR = 2.18, P < 0.05), highlighting that the individuals with more bone resorption exhibited a greater number of the comorbidities as compared with their counterparts. Moreover, those with onsets of more comorbidities showed worse periodontal conditions according to four parameters employed (community periodontal index, BL, bone loss/age and number of remaining teeth) (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Within the limitations of this 18‐year retrospective cohort study, our findings provide the first evidence that periodontal disease experience to some extent reflects the host susceptibility to onset of common systemic comorbidities. Further studies with larger sample sizes and appropriate adjustment of critical confounders are highly warranted to substantiate the current observation.
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate factors related to new bone formation (NBF) following simultaneous implant placement with transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE).
Materials and ...methods
Between 2008 and 2020, 357 implants (276 patients) were placed with TSFE. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at the preoperative, postoperative, restoration, and follow-up stages. Marginal bone loss, during healing, and the survival rate were retrospectively analyzed.
Results
Implant protrusion lengths (IPL: 3–5 mm) significantly influenced NBF during the healing period (
P-value
= 0.026, Odds Ratio = 1.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.02- 1.30). Bone grafting was correlated with NBF (
P-value
= 0.001). The distance between the implant and lateral wall of the sinus (mesial:
P-value
= 0.041, distal:
P-value
= 0.019, buccal:
P-value
= 0.032, lingual:
P-value
= 0.043) and angle between the implant and sinus floor significantly influenced NBF in four directions (mesial:
P-value
= 0.041, distal:
P-value
= 0.02, buccal:
P-value
= 0.047, lingual:
P-value
= 0.005). Implant shape (cylindrical or conical), perforations, smoking, and diabetes did not significantly affect NBF during the healing period (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion
Increasing the distance and angle between the implant and lateral wall of the sinus floor corresponded with reduced NBF. IPL may be an important factor that should be considered.
Clinical relevance
Our study analyzed new bone formation following transcrestal sinus floor elevation among patients who underwent this procedure with simultaneous implant placement, several factors (including angle and distance between sinus and lateral wall and implant protrusion length) were included in our study.
•In this paper, a theoretical model for the TBC system used for the gas turbine engines was shown.•Parameter study was performed for upgrading the performance of the TBC systems.•Multi-objective ...optimization technique was applied for improving durability of the TBC systems.
The gas turbine engines are used as the propulsion systems of the aircrafts, the vehicles or the power devices. Some components of the gas turbine engines are exposed to the high temperature environment. Therefore, durability of the components will directly affect the life cycles of the gas turbine engines. For protecting the blades of the gas turbine engines, a TBC (thermal barrier coating) system is used under the condition of combining with film cooling holes. The TBC systems can improve not only durability of the components in the high temperature environment but also the thermal efficiency of the gas turbine engines through increasing the operating temperature. In this paper, the simulation and optimization methods were studied for improving durability of the TBC systems. At first, the theoretical methods were discussed under the condition of considering the experimental data together. In the following step, the deformations near a hole under the different thermo-mechanical conditions were compared and optimized using DOE (design of experiments) method for the objective of improving durability of the TBC systems.
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