Optics surface phase defects induced intensity modulation in high-power laser facility for inertial confinement fusion research is studied. Calculations and experiments reveal an exact mapping of the ...modulation patterns and the optics damage spot distributions from the surface phase defects. Origins are discussed during the processes of optics manufacturing and diagnostics, revealing potential improvements for future optics manufacturing techniques and diagnostic index, which is meaningful for fusion level laser facility construction and its operation safety.
SG-III laser facility is now the largest laser driver for inertial confinement fusion research in China. The whole laser facility can deliver 180 kJ energy and 60 TW power ultraviolet laser onto ...target, with power balance better than 10%. We review the laser system and introduce the SG-III laser performance here.
Honeysuckle-encoded atypical microRNA2911 directly Largets influenza A viruses Zhen Zhou Xihan Li Jinxiong Liu Lei Dong Qun Chen Jialing Liu Huihui Kongt Qianyi Zhang Xian Qi Dongxia Hou Lin Zhang Guoquan Zhang Yuchen Liu Yujing Zhang Jing Li Jin Wang Xi Chen Hua Wang Junfeng Zhang Hualan Chen Ke Zen Chen-Yu Zhang
细胞研究：英文版,
2015
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Influenza A viruses （IAVs）, particularly H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9, pose a substantial threat to public health worldwide. Here, we report that MIR2911, a honeysuckle （HS）-encoded atypical microRNA, ...directly targets IAVs with a broad spectrum. MIR2911 is highly stable in HS decoction, and continuous drinking or gavage feeding of HS decoction leads to a significant elevation of the MIR2911 level in mouse peripheral blood and lung. Bioinformatics prediction and a luciferase reporter assay showed that MIR2911 could target various IAVs, including H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9. Synthetic MIR2911 significantly inhibited H1N1-encoded PB2 and NS1 protein expression, but did not affect mutants in which the MIR2911-binding nucleotide sequences were altered. Synthetic MIR2911, extracted RNA from HS decoction and HS decoction all significantly inhibited H1N1 viral replication and rescued viral infection-induced mouse weight loss, but did not affect infection with a mutant virus in which the MIR2911-binding nucleotide sequences of PB2 and NS1 were altered. Importantly, the inhibitory effect of HS decoction on viral replication was abolished by an anti-MIR2911 antagomir, indicating that the physiological concentration of MIR2911 in HS decoction could directly and sufficiently suppress H1N1 viral replication. MIR2911 also inhibited H5N1 and H7N9 viral replication in vitro and in vivo. Strikingly, administration of MIR2911 or HS decoction dramatically reduced mouse mortality caused by H5N1 infection. Our results demonstrate that MIR2911 is the first active component identified in Traditional Chinese Medicine to directly target various IAVs and may represent a novel type of natural product that effectively suppresses viral infection.
A fiber optic surface plasmon resonance (FOSPR) sensor was developed for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) in water and juice, based on antimicrobial peptides (AMP), Magainin I, ...as recognition elements and silver nanoparticles-reduced graphene oxide (AgNPs-rGO) nanocomposites assisted signal amplification. The uniform AgNPs-rGO was fixed on the surface of optical fiber and covered with gold film. Not only was the SPR response greatly enhanced, but also the AgNPs was prevented from being oxidized. The FOSPR showed a sensitivity of about 1.5 times higher than that fabricated only with gold film. In the assay, Magainin I, immobilized on the surface of gold film, could specifically capture E. coli O157:H7, resulting in the wavelength shift of the SPR absorption peak. Under the optimized conditions, the SPR resonance wavelength exhibited a good linear relationship with natural logarithm of the target bacteria concentration in the range of 1.0 × 103 to 5.0 × 107 cfu/mL with the detection limit of 5.0 × 102 cfu/mL (S/N = 3). The FOSPR sensor showed good specificity for E. coli O157:H7 detection compared to other bacteria similar to the target bacterial species. Furthermore, the FOSPR sensor was successfully applied to the detection of E. coli O157:H7 in water, fruit and vegetable juice with the satisfactory recoveries of 88–110%. This assay for E. coli O157:H7 detection possesses high sensitivity, good selectivity, reproducibility and stability. In addition, the AMP based SPR biosensing methodology could be extended to detect a wide variety of foodborne pathogens. Therefore, the versatile method might become a potential alternative tool in food analysis and early clinical diagnosis.
•A label-free FOSPR sensor for detection of E. coli O157:H7 with a LOD of 5 × 102 cfu/mL.•AgNPs-rGO composites bounded to the fiber probe surface enhance the sensitivity of FOSPR sensor.•Magainin I as a recognition element, can directly detect E. coli O157:H7 cells without complex DNA extraction.•The methodology can detect E. coli O157:H7 in water and juice samples with acceptable results.
•NPP in the Shule River Basin was relatively small.•Impacts of landscape metrics on NPP varied with spatial scales and land use.•Landscape configuration explained 68% of the variation in NPP at the ...landscape level.•Different landscape metrics played different roles in explaining NPP at the class level.
Human activities and environmental degradation have resulted in landscape pattern changes and can eventually profoundly affect net primary productivity (NPP) at different scales worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of how the relationship between landscape patterns (composition and configuration) and NPP changes across scales, is helpful for landscape planning and ecological protection and restoration. However, relevant research is currently understudied. Therefore, this study selected 39 landscape metrics and 5 types of land use in the Shule River Basin (SRB), and analysed their correlation under eight different scales via multiple linear regression models, aiming to determine the core landscape metrics to assess the NPP. Results indicate obvious spatial variations in the landscape metrics. At the same time, NPP in SRB was relatively small and showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. Landscape metrics and NPP showed different degrees of positive or negative correlation at different grid scales, and there were higher correlation at the 30 km scale. The increase in patch fragmentation and diversity promoted an increase in NPP. The correlation between landscape metrics and NPP was higher and more significant at the class level than at the landscape level, except in the case of unused land. Configuration metric (patch density and patch richness) explained 68% of the variation in NPP at the landscape level. At the class level, composition metrics (class area and percentage of landscape) played an important role in farmland, forestland, and grassland, while edge density (configuration metric) played an absolute role in the built-up land and unused land; overall, the effectiveness of the model was stronger at the class level than at the landscape level. The generated regression model allows us to quantitatively understand how to characterize changes in NPP through changes in landscape patterns. Appropriate landscape pattern and optimal scale should be considered in landscape planning and land use management to reduce the expected ecological impact.
Cell-derived exosomes have been demonstrated to be efficient carriers of small RNAs to neighbouring or distant cells, highlighting the preponderance of exosomes as carriers for gene therapy over ...other artificial delivery tools. In the present study, we employed modified exosomes expressing the neuron-specific rabies viral glycoprotein (RVG) peptide on the membrane surface to deliver opioid receptor mu (MOR) siRNA into the brain to treat morphine addiction. We found that MOR siRNA could be efficiently packaged into RVG exosomes and was associated with argonaute 2 (AGO2) in exosomes. These exosomes efficiently and specifically delivered MOR siRNA into Neuro2A cells and the mouse brain. Functionally, siRNA-loaded RVG exosomes significantly reduced MOR mRNA and protein levels. Surprisingly, MOR siRNA delivered by the RVG exosomes strongly inhibited morphine relapse via the down-regulation of MOR expression levels. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that targeted RVG exosomes can efficiently transfer siRNA to the central nervous system and mediate the treatment of morphine relapse by down-regulating MOR expression levels. Our study provides a brand new strategy to treat drug relapse and diseases of the central nervous system.
The main target for hydrocarbon exploration in the western Sichuan Basin in China is the tight gas sandstone reservoir of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation. Sandstones of the Xujiahe Formation are ...characterized as tight with ultralow porosity, ultralow permeability, and intensive heterogeneity. In this study, various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, cathodoluminescence microscopy, casting thin-section, and fluid inclusion thermometry, were employed to investigate the composition, sedimentary facies, diagenesis history, diagenetic intensity, natural fracture characteristics, and their impact on reservoir quality. The results showed that subaqueous distributary channels and mouth bars with low rock fragment content are favorable for pore preservation and secondary pore development. Except for the medium to strong dissolution intensity, chlorite rim growth is also important for the development of high quality reservoirs. Intraformational shear fractures and horizontal shear fractures associated with tectonic movement increase pore space and improve the capability of transmitting fluids. Differences in gas productivity could be attributed to differences in reservoir quality, which were controlled by the sedimentary environment, diagenetic intensity, and fracture characteristics. A significantly positive correlation was found between total porosity and gas productivity of the tight sandstones. The high density fracture distribution was found owing to the fault system and structural deformation zone, which resulted in high gas productivity. The research results were successfully applied to improve production efficiency in the Xujiahe tight gas sandstones, and could be applicable to other similar fields involving tight gas.
•Adding a new table to support the reservoir quality in different microfacies.•Adding some more references to support the views in the manuscript.•Adding the method of forecasting the fracture distribution.•Adding some more detailed papers.
This study presents the fabrication of a novel porous composite of graphene oxide‐montmorillonite (GO‐MMT) through the modification of montmorillonite using the freeze‐drying method for the purpose ...of Pb removal. The characterization of the GO‐MMT composite was conducted using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and X‐ray diffraction. The results from batch adsorption experiments revealed that the GO‐MMT composite exhibited a superior capacity for Pb removal compared to MMT. Furthermore, a single factor experiment confirmed that the dosage of the GO‐MMT composite or GO, pH, temperature, and reaction time all significantly influenced the adsorption of Pb by the GO‐MMT composite, MMT, or GO. This superiority can be attributed to the presence of oxygen‐containing functional groups, the site‐blocking effect, and the ion exchange mechanism exhibited by the GO‐MMT composite.
•SWC and NPP increased in most of the study area during summers from 2001 to 2015.•There is a strong correlation between SWC and NPP.•SWC had a significant time lag effect on changes in NPP.•With an ...increase of 1 °C temperature and 2% precipitation, the positive influence of SWC on vegetation growth weakens.•With future climate change, timely supplementation of SWC can promote growth of NPP.
Soil water content (SWC) is the basic condition for the survival of terrestrial vegetation. Net primary productivity (NPP) directly reflects the status of vegetation growth. Therefore, studying the coupling relationship between NPP and SWC in the arid region of Northwest China is of great significance for vegetation restoration and the protection of fragile ecosystems. Based on remote sensing and SWC measured data, the CASA model and statistical downscaling methods were used to calculate the NPP and SWC, analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of them, and to explore their coupling relationship in the Shule River Basin (SRB) in China. Our results indicate that (1) an upward trend in NPP and SWC during the summers of 2001–2015. (2)The NPP and SWC were mainly positively correlated. There was a lag effect in the response of vegetation NPP to SWC in most areas of the basin. However, NPP had a greater impact on SWC in desert areas than in other regions. (3) Based on changes to SWC, two scenarios analyses of NPP were conducted to reveal how NPP responded to SWC. In scenario 1 (the SWC change only), as SWC increases, NPP gradually increases. Scenario 2 (increase of 1 °C temperature and 2% precipitation), compared with scenario 1, as SWC increases, the increase in NPP decreases. Based on the results, in scenario 2, the beneficial effect of SWC on vegetation growth was weakened. Thus, under future climate change, only by timely supplementing SWC can we better promote the growth of NPP, improve vegetation productivity, and effectively restore and protect the ecological environment of SRB. This study deepens our understanding of the coupling relationship between the ecological environment and water resources of the SRB and provides a scientific basis for formulating rational allocation of water resources and ecological environment restoration and protection measures in the arid regions of China.
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