High content of citric acid in lemon juice leads to poor sensory experience. The study aimed to investigate the dynamics changes in organic acids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities of ...lemon juice fermented with
WJL-G4. The sensory evaluation of fermented lemon juice was conducted as well.
WJL-G4 exhibited a potent capability of reducing the contents of citric acid (from 51.46 ± 0.11 g/L to 8.09 ± 0.05 g/L within 60 h fermentation) and increasing total phenolic level, flavonoid contents, and antioxidant activities compared to those of unfermented lemon juice. A total of 20 bioactive substances, including 10 phenolic acids and 10 flavonoid compounds, were detected both in fermented and unfermented lemon juice. The lemon juice fermented for 48 h had better sensory characteristics. Our findings demonstrated that lemon juice fermented with
exhibited reduced citric acid contents, increased levels of health-promoting phenolic compounds, and enhanced antioxidant activities.
Drought affects the growth and productivity of vegetation, and the analysis of drought resistance of vegetation can help ecological and environmental protection and sustainable development in ...drought-prone areas. The Loess Plateau (LP) is a drought-prone area in China with an extremely fragile ecological environment. This study analyzed the drought resistance of vegetation across different climate regions and vegetation biotypes, explored the characteristics of changes in vegetation drought resistance before and after the implementation of the Grain for Green Program (GGP), and evaluated the relative contribution of climatic factors and human activities to the change in drought resistance of vegetation. The following conclusions are obtained. (1) The drought resistance of vegetation on the LP basically showed a spatial pattern of increasing from northwest to southeast with the degree of aridity. The vegetation in the semi-humid and arid regions showed the strongest and weakest drought resistance, respectively. (2) The drought resistance of vegetation on the LP mainly showed an increasing trend since the GGP was implemented, but there were differences in different climatic zones. In semi-humid regions, the drought resistance of vegetation mainly showed a weakening trend, while in arid and semi-arid regions, it mainly showed an increasing trend. There were differences between vegetation biotypes as well; the drought resistance of forest and grassland showed a different trend in different climatic zones, while that of crops in all climatic zones showed an increasing trend. In the area with cropland returned, the drought resistance tended to increase where crops turned to forests, but the area where crops turned to grassland showed a weakening trend. (3) The positive contribution of climate change and human activities leads to the enhancement of drought resistance of vegetation in most areas of the LP, and the weakening of drought resistance of vegetation in semi-humid regions is dominated by the negative contribution of climate change. The negative contribution of human activities is the main reason for the decrease in drought resistance of vegetation in the area of returning cropland to grassland. This study can provide a reference for ecological protection and high-quality development of the LP.
In this work, a novel nanohybrid (AuPtNPs/S-NS-GR) of well-defined Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles (Au-PtNPs) decorated on sulfonated nitrogen sulfur co-doped graphene (S-NS-GR) was developed. ...Firstly, nitrogen sulfur co-doped graphene (NS-GR) was synthesized by one-step thermal annealing method. Secondly, phenyl SO3H- group was introduced onto the surface of NS-GR via diazotization reaction, which could provide more binding sites for the formation of metal nanoparticles. Finally, Au-Pt bimetallic nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of S-NS-GR by using electrochemical deposition. The prepared material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS). In addition, the electrocatalytic activity towards dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) was systematically studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques. Under optimum conditions, the linear ranges for the detection of DA and UA were 1.0×10−8 – 4.0×10−4 M and 1.0×10−6 – 1.0×10−3 M with the limits of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) of 0.006μM and 0.038μM, respectively. Furthermore, the modified electrode was applied to real sample analysis.
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•A novel nanohybrid was fabricated by directly electrodeposition method.•The composite exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards DA and UA.•The proposed method was applied to detection of DA and UA in samples.
Net primary productivity (NPP) is an important indicator of regional vegetation growth status and ecosystem health. In the ecologically fragile Bailong River Basin (BRB) of China, particularly in its ...arid valley (AV) region, vegetation is extremely sensitive to anthropogenic interferences and natural influences. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify NPP drivers in this region. Human activities shape the landscape and affect NPP dynamics. In addition, other factors including climate, soil, and topography play pivotal roles in NPP dynamics. Hence, identifying the interactions among these variables is essential for environmental management. Here, we aimed to identify the key drivers of spatial variation in NPP and evaluate the associations among these variables. We calculated the NPP based on moderate resolution imaging spectrometer data from 2018. Redundancy analysis and variation partitioning were used to identify the key drivers and to determine the unique, shared, and total explanatory variables of these sets of variables in the BRB and AV. The spatial heterogeneity of vegetation NPP was evident, and NPP in the north was lower than that in the south. Moreover, the natural and social factors of various townships in the two regions synergistically controlled vegetation growth. In the BRB, the first four axes explained 83.4% of the total variation in NPP across all townships. Meanwhile, in the AV, the first four axes explained only 80.06% of the total variation in NPP. Mean annual temperature, solar radiation, elevation, and slope were identified as the key drivers of NPP. Variation partitioning revealed complex inter-relationships among all sets of variables, with most explanatory variables being unique or shared; as such, climate factors was important explanatory variables of NPP in the BRB. In the AV, NPP was the most affected by topographic factors. Our results may aid the policymakers and planners in implementing sustainable vegetation restoration and conservation programs.
Background
Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem that is vital for the development and function of the immune system, is closely associated with host immunity, and affects human health and disease. ...Therefore, the current progress and trends in this field must be explored.
Purpose
No bibliometric analysis has been conducted on gut microbiota and host immune response. This study aimed to analyze the current progress and developing trends in this field through bibliometric and visual analysis.
Methods
Global publications on gut microbiota and host immune response from January 2011 to December 2021 were extracted from the Web of Science (WOS) collection database. GraphPad Prism, VOSviewer software, and CiteSpace were employed to perform a bibliometric and visual study.
Results
The number of publications has rapidly increased in the last decade but has declined in the most recent year. The Cooperation network shows that the United States, Harvard Medical School, and Frontiers in Immunology were the most active country, institute, and journal in this field, respectively. Co-occurrence analysis divided all keywords into four clusters: people, animals, cells, and diseases. The latest keyword within all clusters was “COVID,” and the most frequently occurring keyword was “SCFA.”
Conclusion
Gut microbiota and host immune response remain a research hotspot, and their relation to cancer, CNS disorders, and autoimmune disease has been explored. However, additional studies on gut microbiota must be performed, particularly its association with bacterial strain screening and personalized therapy.
Debris flow risk comprehensively reflects the natural and social properties of debris flow disasters and is composed of the risk of the disaster-causing body and the vulnerability of the carrier. The ...Bailong River Basin (BRB) is a typical mountainous environment where regional debris flow disasters occur frequently, seriously threatening the lives of residents, infrastructure, and regional ecological security. However, there are few studies on the risk assessment of mountainous debris flow disasters in the BRB. By considering a complete catchment, based on remote sensing and GIS methods, we selected 17 influencing factors, such as area, average slope, lithology, NPP, average annual precipitation, landslide density, river density, fault density, etc. and applied a machine learning algorithm to establish a hazard assessment model. The analysis shows that the Extra Trees model is the most effective for debris flow hazard assessments, with an accuracy rate of 88%. Based on socio-economic data and debris flow disaster survey data, we established a vulnerability assessment model by applying the Contributing Weight Superposition method. We used the product of debris flow hazard and vulnerability to construct a debris flow risk assessment model. The catchments at a very high-risk were distributed mainly in the urban area of Wudu District and the northern part of Tanchang County, that is, areas with relatively dense economic activities and a high disaster frequency. These findings indicate that the assessment results provide scientific support for planning measures to prevent or reduce debris flow hazards. The proposed assessment methods can also be used to provide relevant guidance for a regional risk assessment of debris flows in the BRB and other regions.
In this paper, we investigate the theory of energy distribution when divergent light undergoes harmonic conversion in KDP crystals, and based on this theory, we design and construct a precision ...measuring instrument for the detuning angle of (KDP) Crystals (MIDC). The device can obtain the detuning angle of the crystal by a single measurement with an average measurement error of 72.78 urad. At the same time, it also has the function of scanning the full aperture of the crystals. Using the MIDC, it is possible to quickly measure the KDP crystal at a single point and quickly scan the crystal detuning angle at full aperture. In addition, we conduct a theoretical study on the variation of detuning angle caused by gravity-influencing factors under online conditions, propose an optimization formula for the offline measurement results of detuning angle, and calculate the optimized values of detuning angle for two kinds of crystals under 45° online conditions. We finally study the error source of the MIDC device, analyze the trend of the influence of positioning errors of the crystal and optical elements on the detuning angle measurement results, and provide theoretical support for the error monitoring and correction of MIDC.
•We used Uighur scripts which are known for their rich suffixes.•The influences of number of suffixes on initial landing positions and refixation probability independent of frequency.•These results ...are difficult to explain by purely low-level guidance of eye movements.•Morphological structure of parafoveal words can influence saccade program.
It is generally accepted that low-level features (e.g., inter-word spaces) are responsible for saccade-target selection in eye-movement control during reading. In two experiments using Uighur script known for its rich suffixes, we demonstrate that, in addition to word length and launch site, the number of suffixes influences initial landing positions. We also demonstrate an influence of word frequency. These results are difficult to explain purely by low-level guidance of eye movements and indicate that due to properties specific to Uighur script low-level visual information and high-level information such as morphological structure of parafoveal words jointly influence saccade programming.
DNA has well-defined ability to recognize a wide variety of targets, such as small biological molecules, proteins, inorganic ions and small organic molecules. As molecular recognition elements, DNA ...can be used to build simple, rapid and sensitive biosensors for detection of these targets. DNA-based SPR sensors are considered to be a real-time and label-free tool. We present a systematical and critical review on DNA-based SPR biosensors and their signal amplification via various strategies, focusing on recent advances in nanomaterials, novel DNA amplifications, redox reactions on surface, enzyme amplifications, as well as promising multiplex amplification strategies.
•DNA with the ability to recognize targets could be utilized for DNA-based biosensor.•SPR sensor is a real-time and label-free tool to probe the biomolecular interactions.•We covered the recent signal amplification strategies of DNA-based SPR biosensors.•In this review, we discussed future trends and perspectives of SPR biosensor.
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