Single-cell analysis is a valuable tool for dissecting cellular heterogeneity in complex systems
. However, a comprehensive single-cell atlas has not been achieved for humans. Here we use single-cell ...mRNA sequencing to determine the cell-type composition of all major human organs and construct a scheme for the human cell landscape (HCL). We have uncovered a single-cell hierarchy for many tissues that have not been well characterized. We established a 'single-cell HCL analysis' pipeline that helps to define human cell identity. Finally, we performed a single-cell comparative analysis of landscapes from human and mouse to identify conserved genetic networks. We found that stem and progenitor cells exhibit strong transcriptomic stochasticity, whereas differentiated cells are more distinct. Our results provide a useful resource for the study of human biology.
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies are poised to reshape the current cell-type classification system. However, a transcriptome-based single-cell atlas has not been achieved for ...complex mammalian systems. Here, we developed Microwell-seq, a high-throughput and low-cost scRNA-seq platform using simple, inexpensive devices. Using Microwell-seq, we analyzed more than 400,000 single cells covering all of the major mouse organs and constructed a basic scheme for a mouse cell atlas (MCA). We reveal a single-cell hierarchy for many tissues that have not been well characterized previously. We built a web-based “single-cell MCA analysis” pipeline that accurately defines cell types based on single-cell digital expression. Our study demonstrates the wide applicability of the Microwell-seq technology and MCA resource.
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•Development of Microwell-seq, a high-throughput and low-cost scRNA-seq platform•Construction of a single-cell mouse cell atlas (scMCA) covering major cell types•Characterization of cellular heterogeneity with minimal batch effect•Characterization of cross-tissue cellular network at the single-cell level
Development of Microwell-seq allows construction of a mouse cell atlas at the single-cell level with a high-throughput and low-cost platform.
This paper utilized a hot-rolling process to produce composite rods and subsequently manufactured 304/45 composite bolts through the process of drawing and thread rolling. The study focused on ...examining the microstructure, fatigue performance, and corrosion resistance of these composite bolts. Additionally, the impacts of quenching and tempering on the fatigue performance of the composite bolts were explored and compared to the performance of 304 stainless steel (SS) bolts and Grade 6.8 35K carbon steel (CS) bolts. The results indicate that the SS cladding of the cold-worked 304/45 composite (304/45-CW) bolts was primarily strengthened by the cold deformation mechanism, which resulted in high microhardness, averaging 474 HV. At a maximum surface bending stress of 300 MPa, the fatigue cycles of the 304/45-CW reached 342,600 cycles at a 63.2% failure probability, which was significantly higher than that of commercial 35K CS bolts. The S-N fatigue curves showed that the fatigue strength of the 304/45-CW bolts was approximately 240 MPa, but the fatigue strength of the quenched and tempered 304/45 composite (304/45-QT) bolts decreased significantly to 85 MPa, due to the loss of the cold deformation strengthening effect. The corrosion resistance of the SS cladding of the 304/45-CW bolts was impressive and remained largely unaffected by carbon element diffusion.
This paper presents a piezoelectric energy harvester with rotational magnetic excitation. Through the rotation of the rotating body, the intermittent magnetic force between the driving magnet and the ...tip magnetic mass drives the piezoelectric element to vibrate nonlinearly to generate electrical energy. The working principle and vibration model of the proposed energy harvester are studied theoretically and experimentally. With two driving magnets, 5-g tip magnetic mass, and 8-mm radial excitation distances, the piezoelectric energy harvester captures energy efficiently. The results demonstrate that the piezoelectric energy harvester produces three resonance frequencies of 5 Hz, 8 Hz, and 10 Hz. When the rotation frequency is 8 Hz, the maximum open-circuit voltages of the primary and auxiliary piezoelectric beam is 63.24 V and 30.38 V, respectively. The primary and auxiliary piezoelectric beam gets the maximum average power with external resistance is 125 KΩ and 75 KΩ, respectively. The maximum average power of the primary and auxiliary piezoelectric beam is 12.24 mW and 3.92 mW, respectively. At the maximum power of the primary and auxiliary piezoelectric beam, the voltage across the resistance is 39.12 V and 17.12 V, respectively.
Odor-preferences are usually influenced by life experiences. However, the neural circuit mechanisms remain unclear. The medial olfactory tubercle (mOT) is involved in both reward and olfaction, while ...the ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons are considered to be engaged in reward and motivation. Here, we found that the VTA (DAergic)-mOT pathway could be activated by different types of naturalistic rewards as well as odors in DAT-cre mice. Optogenetic activation of the VTA-mOT DAergic fibers was able to elicit preferences for space, location and neutral odor, while pharmacological blockade of the dopamine receptors in the mOT fully prevented the odor-preference formation. Furthermore, inactivation of the mOT-projecting VTA DAergic neurons eliminated the previously formed odor-preference and strongly affected the Go-no go learning efficiency. In summary, our results revealed that the VTA (DAergic)-mOT pathway mediates a variety of naturalistic reward processes and different types of preferences including odor-preference in mice.
In recent, the quantum yield (QY) and stability of green quantum dots (QDs) have been significantly improved. However, most of the progresses were achieved by using alloyed QDs, and the control of ...green emission QDs still remains challenging. Herein, we report a novel method for synthesizing thick-shell structure quantum dots (TSQDs) with saturated green-emitting where tri-n-octylphosphine (TOP) was used as both ligand and solvent to extract the redundant ions from the QDs surface and remove the lattice imperfections before any surface inorganic layer-by-layer coating. The as-prepared TSQDs demonstrate enhanced luminescent properties including high QY reaching up to 75%, full width at half maximum (FWHM) remaining close to 26 nm and tunable precise emission properties (532 nm), which can be utilized to perform 91% of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Recommendation BT. 2020 (Rec. 2020) for high definition and color gamut displays.
The concept of unmanned weapon system-of-sys-tems(UWSoS)involves a collection of various unmanned sys-tems to achieve or accomplish a specific goal or mission.The mission reliability of UWSoS is ...represented by its ability to finish a required mission above the baselines of a given mission.How-ever,issues with heterogeneity,cooperation between systems,and the emergence of UWSoS cannot be effectively solved by traditional system reliability methods.This study proposes an effective operation-loop-based mission reliability evaluation method for UWSoS by analyzing dynamic reconfiguration.First,we present a new connotation of an effective operation loop by considering the allocation of operational entities and physical resource constraints.Then,we propose an effective operation-loop-based mission reliability model for a heterogeneous UWSoS according to the mission baseline.Moreover,a mission reliability evaluation algorithm is proposed under random exter-nal shocks and topology reconfiguration,revealing the evolution law of the effective operation loop and mission reliability.Finally,a typical 60-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-swarm is taken as an example to demonstrate the proposed models and methods.The mission reliability is achieved by considering external shocks,which can serve as a reference for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of UWSoS.
Climate change is widespread, rapid, and is intensifying. Using Chinese disaster data and the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, this study examines the impact of climate shocks on the ...vulnerability of farm households to poverty and the mechanism of household resource allocation in this process. The results show that (a) climate shocks can significantly increase the poverty vulnerability of farm households. (b) The effect of climate shocks on farm household poverty vulnerability is regionally and individually heterogeneous. Climate non-security zones, risk-averse farmers, and low social capital farmers are more vulnerable to climate shocks and fall into poverty. (c) The mediating effects suggest that climate shocks affect the poverty vulnerability of farm households by influencing their developmental investment, productive investment, and precautionary saving. The paper finally concludes and discusses some policy implications in the national response to climate change and transformation of farmers’ livelihoods.
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