Deep learning (DL) models perform poorly when there are limited gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) samples. Few-shot learning (FSL) can address the small sample problem.
EfficientNetV2-S was ...first pretrained on ImageNet and then pretrained on esophageal endoscopic images (i.e., base classes: normal vs. early cancer vs. advanced cancer) using transfer learning. Second, images of gastric benign ulcers, adenocarcinoma and SRCC, i.e., novel classes (n = 50 per class), were included. Image features were extracted as vectors using the dual pretrained EfficientNetV2-S. Finally, a k-nearest neighbor classifier was used to identify SRCC. The above proposed 3-way 3-shot FSL framework was conducted in three rounds.
Dual pretrained FSL performed better than single pretrained FSL, endoscopists and traditional EfficientNetV2-S models. Dual pretrained FSL obtained the highest accuracy (79.4%), sensitivity (68.8%), recall (68.8%), precision (69.3%) and F1-score (0.691), and the senior endoscopist achieved the highest specificity of 93.6% when identifying SRCC. The macro-AUC and F1-score for dual pretraining (0.763 and 0.703, respectively) were higher than those for single pretraining (0.656 and 0.537, respectively), along with endoscopists and traditional EfficientNetV2-S models. The 2-way 3-shot FSL also performed better.
The proposed FSL framework showed practical performance in the differentiation of SRCC on endoscopic images, suggesting the potential of FSL in the computer-aided diagnosis for rare diseases.
With the advances in endoscopic technologies and artificial intelligence, a large number of endoscopic imaging datasets have been made public to researchers around the world. This study aims to ...review and introduce these datasets. An extensive literature search was conducted to identify appropriate datasets in PubMed, and other targeted searches were conducted in GitHub, Kaggle, and Simula to identify datasets directly. We provided a brief introduction to each dataset and evaluated the characteristics of the datasets included. Moreover, two national datasets in progress were discussed. A total of 40 datasets of endoscopic images were included, of which 34 were accessible for use. Basic and detailed information on each dataset was reported. Of all the datasets, 16 focus on polyps, and 6 focus on small bowel lesions. Most datasets (
n
= 16) were constructed by colonoscopy only, followed by normal gastrointestinal endoscopy and capsule endoscopy (
n
= 9). This review may facilitate the usage of public dataset resources in endoscopic research.
For obtaining the ecofriendly microwave absorbing composites, flake carbonyl iron was mixed to the flotation carbon waste of titanium slag by ball-milling processes. The composites of 4 h ...ball-milling present excellent microwave absorbing performance of minimum reflected loss (RL) of −54.9 dB at 7.8 GHz with thickness of 2.6 mm. The same composites provide the performance of RL < −10 dB with the thickness from 1.2 mm to 5 mm at corresponding matching frequency from 3.3 GHz to 18 GHz. It means that the absorbing peak can be tunable at the wide frequency range with only adjusting the thickness. The strong absorbing intensity and wide tunable frequency range are attributed to the proper impedance matching of dielectric property from flotation carbon waste of titanium slag and magnetic property from carbonyl iron. Also, this work provides a research approach for handling industrial waste which contains carbon.
Magnetic loss electromagnetic wave absorber materials have always been a research hotspot in the electromagnetic wave absorption field due to their excellent magnetic loss performance. However, their ...use is limited by the problem of impedance mismatch. In this study, taking into account the good soft magnetic properties and high amorphous forming ability of the FeSiBCCr amorphous alloy system, the spherical powder was transformed into a flaky powder through high-energy ball milling and uniformly mixed with a certain mass ratio of paraffin to produce high performance wave absorber. It was found that, compared with spherical powders, the flaky powder particles mixed with paraffin not only enlarged the surface area of the filler and improved the mechanism of polarization, but also increased the complex permeability and complex permittivity, thus providing strong electromagnetic wave attenuation capability. The flaky amorphous powder after ball milling for 4 h shows the highest electromagnetic wave absorption performance, and the minimum reflectivity loss at the frequency of 9.25 GHz reaches − 40.82 dB when the thickness of the wave absorber (50 vol% powder) is 2.5 mm. The maximum effective absorption bandwidth is up to 4.9 GHz. The FeSiBCCr flaky amorphous powder prepared in this work shows a broad absorption potential above 18 GHz, which can well solve the impedance mismatch problem, and provides a strategy for the synthesis of magnetic loss electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials with impedance matching and broad absorption strength.
Traditional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) are a type of "always on" system that accelerates proton relaxation regardless of their enrichment region. This "always on" feature ...leads to a decrease in signal differences between lesions and normal tissues, hampering their applications in accurate and early diagnosis. Herein, we report a strategy to fabricate glutathione (GSH)-responsive one-dimensional (1-D) manganese oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) with improved
relaxivities and achieve effective
/
switchable MRI imaging of tumors. Compared to traditional contrast agents with high saturation magnetization to enhance
relaxivities, 1-D MONPs with weak
effectively increase the inhomogeneity of the local magnetic field and exhibit obvious
contrast. The inhomogeneity of the local magnetic field of 1-D MONPs is highly dependent on their number of primary particles and surface roughness according to Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert simulations and thus eventually determines their
relaxivities. Furthermore, the GSH responsiveness ensures 1-D MONPs with sensitive switching from the
to
mode
and subcutaneous tumors to clearly delineate the boundary of glioma and metastasis margins, achieving precise histopathological-level MRI. This study provides a strategy to improve
relaxivity of magnetic nanoparticles and construct switchable MRI CAs, offering high tumor-to-normal tissue contrast signal for early and accurate diagnosis.
In this study, yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) single crystal nanofilms were deposited at room temperature on a Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG) (111) substrate via magnetron sputtering and ex situ annealing. A ...high-throughput method was used to systematically study the effects of sputtering gas pressure, sputtering power, and annealing temperature on the microstructure, ferromagnetic resonance signal, and high-frequency magnetic loss. The YIG films fabricated at an Argon pressure of 3 Pa, a sputtering power of 95 W, and an annealing temperature of 800 °C possessed the highest saturation magnetization and lowest linewidth (13.6 Oe). Furthermore, the maximum value of permeability (μ′) was 25.54 under an applied field Hex = 30 Oe of the YIG/GGG (111) film for the first time. In addition, the sources of the high-frequency magnetic loss in the YIG film were investigated. In detail, the roughness, thickness, and polycrystalline structure, along with the existence of oxygen vacancies and anisotropic fields, influenced the linewidth of the film. This study provides a method to prepare single-crystalline YIG films via room-temperature deposition and ex situ annealing for potential applications in high-frequency microwave devices.
•YIG thin films were prepared by magnetron sputtering and ex situ annealing.•The thin film with the lowest magnetic loss was selected by using method of high-throughput material screening.•The highest Ms and the lowest line width can be obtained under the optimum preparation parameters of 3 Pa–95 W - 800 °C.•Roughness, thickness, polycrystalline structure, oxygen vacancy and anisotropic field will affect the magnetic loss.
Chlorfenapyr (CHL) is a pyrrole insecticide with a novel structure that is used to control resistant pests. However, its weak systemic activity limits its application to crop roots. Herein, a novel ...CHL formulation with improved effective utilization rates and suitability for root application is developed to avoid or reduce contamination caused by pesticide spraying. Accordingly, we prepared CHL@CS/CMCS nanoparticle (NP) suspensions with a particle size of approximately 100 nm using chitosan (CS) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS). These suspensions exhibited better thermal stability, adhesion, permeability and systemic activity than a CHL suspension concentrate (CHL-SC). The nanoformulation deposition rate on maize leaves after spraying was 12.28 mg/kg, significantly higher than that of CHL-SC. The nanosuspension was effectively absorbed and transported by roots after irrigation and was suitable for root application. The efficacy was 89.46–92.36 % against Spodoptera frugiperda at 7 d, 7.5–17.5 times higher than that of CHL-SC. Furthermore, the CHL@CS/CMCS nanosuspension was safer for earthworms. These results suggest that chitosan-based nanoformulations improve the efficacy, utilization efficiency and active period of CHL control, providing a new approach for CHL application, reducing pollutant dispersal and the environmental impacts of pesticide application and facilitating sustainable agricultural production.
Display omitted
•Practical application of chitosan nano-insecticides in the field•Green synthesized CHL nano formulation suitable for crop root application•CHL@CS/CMCS NPs were more transported to tender leaves for pest targeted control.•Reduced production of pollutants in the environment and impact on non-target organisms•Chitosan CHL nano-formulation can promote sustainable agricultural production.
Objective
Osteoporotic thoraco‐lumbar burst fractures with serious pain are very common, and the optimal treatment of burst fractures without any neurological deficits has not yet been properly ...codified. The objective of this study was to evaluate prospectively the clinical effects and pain relief of unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) on osteoporotic thoraco‐lumbar burst fractures.
Methods
Forty‐six patients with osteoporotic thoraco‐lumbar burst fractures were treated by PKP in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017. The height of posterior wall (HPW), the height of anterior wall (HAW) and kyphotic angle (KA) were measured via x‐ray radiographs before surgery, one day after surgery and at final follow‐up. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score and the oswestry disability index (ODI) score were evaluated preoperatively, postoperatively and at final follow‐up. All the patients with osteoporotic thoraco‐lumbar burst fractures were treated by unilateral PKP. Radiological evaluation (anteroposterior and lateral x‐ray radiographs and CT) was performed.
Results
All patients were followed‐up, and the mean follow‐up was 28.8 ± 7.0 months. The preoperative HAW was 20.1 ± 2.3 mm, and the HAW was significantly improved to 22.9 ± 2.4 mm after operation (p < .05), and at the final follow‐up, the HAW was 19.9 ± 2.1 mm, which was lower than the postoperative HAW. The HPW was also significantly corrected after surgery (p < .05). There were no significant differences between postoperative HPW and HPW at the final follow‐up (p > .05). The KA was significantly corrected after operation (p < .05), but relapse occurred at the final follow‐up, and at the final follow‐up, the average of KA was 19.4 ± 1.6 degree. The VAS and ODI were significantly improved at the final follow‐up compared to the preoperative period (p < .05). Cement leakage was found in eight patients, and adjacent vertebral fracture (VF) was found in two patients.
Conclusions
Our results showed that unilateral PKP acquired satisfactory treatment effect and pain relief in the management of osteoporotic thoraco‐lumbar burst fractures. Meticulous evaluation of preoperative images and careful repetitious injection of cement are important to prevent cement leakage.
Significance
Our present results showed that unilateral PKP was an effective method to obtain satisfactory pain relief in the management of osteoporotic thoraco‐lumbar burst fractures. It may a good indication for the patients with osteoporotic thoraco‐lumbar burst fractures, and the patients could not tolerate the serious acute pain by conservative treatment.
Upregulation of the neuropeptide neurotensin (NTS) in a subgroup of lung cancers has been linked to poor prognosis. However, the regulatory pathway centered on NTS in lung cancer remains unclear. ...Here we identified the NTS-specific enhancer in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The AF4/FMR2 (AFF) family protein AFF1 occupies the NTS enhancer and inhibits NTS transcription. Clustering analysis of lung adenocarcinoma gene expression data demonstrated that NTS expression is highly positively correlated with the expression of the oncogenic factor CPS1. Detailed analyses demonstrated that the IL6 pathway antagonizes NTS in regulating CPS1. Thus, our analyses revealed a novel NTS-centered regulatory axis, consisting of AFF1 as a master transcription suppressor and IL6 as an antagonist in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
Recent studies have revealed that, in addition to hormones and other protein factors, noncoding RNA molecules play an important regulatory role in milk protein synthesis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are ...universally expressed noncoding RNA species that have been proposed recently to regulate the expression of their parental genes. In the present study, the deep RNA-sequencing technique known as RNA-seq was used to compare expression profiles of circRNAs from 2 pooled RNA samples from cow mammary gland on d 90 and 250 postpartum and to identify the key circRNAs involved in lactation. A total of 4,804 and 4,048 circRNAs were identified in the cow mammary gland on d 90 and 250 postpartum, respectively, of which only 2,231 circRNAs were co-expressed at both lactation stages, suggesting high stage specificity in the circRNAs. The enrichment of some Gene Ontology terms for the circRNA parental genes differed between lactation stages. Among the top 10 enriched Gene Ontology terms, vesicle, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondrial lumen were more common on lactation d 90. All 4 casein-coding genes (CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, and CSN3) produced circRNAs in the cattle mammary gland. In total, 80 circRNAs were identified from these 4 genes; circRNAs from CSN1S1 had very high abundance, and 3 of them accounted for 36% of all the circRNAs expressed in the mammary gland on lactation d 90. Three circRNAs from CSN1S1, 1 circRNA from CSN1S2, and 1 circRNA from CSN2 were all more highly expressed on lactation d 90 than on lactation d 250, as confirmed by quantitative PCR. These circRNAs had several target sites for the microRNA miR-2284 family and were predicted to target CSN1S1 and CSN2 mRNA, suggesting their potential involvement in regulating expression of the casein genes.
PDF
