Background
This study aims to quantitatively summarize risk factors associated with heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty.
Methods
The computerized and additional manual searches were ...performed in Medline, Embase, CNKI, and Cochrane central database (all through March 2014) for potential studies. Studies eligible had to meet the quality assessment criteria by Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and to evaluate the risk factors for heterotopic ossification after total hip arthroplasty. Two reviewers independently extracted the relevant data and any disagreement was solved by consensus. Stata11.0 was used to perform all the statistical analyses.
Results
Fourteen studies involving 6468 cases with total hip arthroplasty and 1939 heterotopic ossification (HOs) (30.0 %) were eligible and included in this meta-analysis. Our meta-analysis identified the significant increased risk factors for HO were male gender odds ratio (OR) 2.11; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.80–2.48), cemented implant (OR 1.48; 95 % CI 1.00–2.17), bilateral operations (OR 1.74; 95 % CI 1.24–2.45), ankylosing spondylitis (OR 1.90; 95 % CI 1.07–3.37) and ankylosed hip (OR 9.85; 95 % CI 2.61–37.24). Rheumatoid arthritis was protective for the development of HO (OR 0.51; 95 % CI 0.33–0.80). The other variables including age, use of NSAIDs, femoral neck fracture, previous hip fracture, hypertrophic osteoarthritis and osteophytes were identified not as the risk factors for development of HO (
P
> 0.05).
Conclusion
Patients involved with the above-mentioned medical conditions should be carefully paid close attention by surgeons to reduce HO after total hip arthroplasty.
Level of evidence
Level II, meta-analysis.
The literature lacks population-based epidemiologic studies on the incidence and risk factors for traumatic foot fractures. The purpose of this study was to update information concerning the ...incidence of foot fractures in China and to identify associated risk factors.
All the data on foot fractures were available from the China National Fracture Survey (CNFS), which was conducted between January and May in 2015. A total of 8 provinces, 24 urban cities and 24 rural counties in China were selected, using stratified random sampling and the probability proportional to size method. Individuals who had lived in their current residence for 6 months or longer were personally interviewed about any foot fracture that had occurred in 2014. Questionnaires were completed by every participant for data collection and quality control was accomplished by our research team members. The information included age, gender, height, weight, ethnic group, education, occupation, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleeping time per day, dietary habits and others. Fracture was initially identified by patients' self report and further confirmed by their providing medical records.
A total of 512187 individuals participated in the CNFS. There were 201 patients with foot fractures in 2014. Mean age at the time of fracture was 45.4 years. The incidence rate of foot fractures was 39.2 (95%CI: 33.8-44.7)/100000/year. Fall and traffic accident were the most common causes for foot fractures and over 60% of these occurred at home or on the road. Alcohol consumption, history of previous fracture and average sleep time <7h/d were identified as independent risk factors for foot fractures both in males and females. Cigarette smoking was identified as a significant risk factor for foot fracture in males. For females, BMI >24 kg/m2 was a risk factor whilst living in the west region was associated with a lower incidence rate of foot fracture.
The present study shows an incidence of 39.2/100000/year of foot fractures in China. Specific public health policies focusing on decreasing alcohol consumption and encouraging individuals to obtain sufficient sleep should be implemented. Females with a higher BMI should focus more on foot health care, especially in those with history of previous fracture.
Estrogen contamination is widespread and microbial degradation is a promising removal method; however, unfavorable environments can hinder microbial function. In this study, a natural estrogen ...17β-estradiol (E2) was introduced as a degradation target, and a new combination of bacterial carrier was investigated. We found the best combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) was 4% total concentration, PVA:SA = 5:5, with nano-Fe3O4 at 2%, and maltose and glycine added to promote degradation, for which the optimal concentrations were 5 g·L−1 and 10 g·L−1, respectively. Based on the above exploration, the bacterial carrier was made, and the degradation efficiency of the immobilized bacteria reached 92.3% in 5 days. The immobilized bacteria were reused for three cycles, and the degradation efficiency of each round could exceed 94%. Immobilization showed advantages at pH 5, pH 11, 10 °C, 40 °C, and 40 g·L−1 NaCl, and the degradation efficiency of the immobilized bacteria was higher than 90%. In the wastewater, the immobilized bacteria could degrade E2 to about 1 mg·L−1 on the 5th day. This study constructed a bacterial immobilization carrier using a new combination, explored the application potential of the carrier, and provided a new choice of bacterial immobilization carrier.
A lot of kitchen waste oil is produced every day worldwide, leading to serious environmental pollution. As one of the environmental protection methods, microorganisms are widely used treating of ...various wastes. Lipase, as one of the cleaning agents can effectively degrade kitchen waste oil. The composting process of pig carcasses produces many lipase producing microorganisms, rendering compost products an excellent source for isolating lipase producing microorganisms. To our knowledge, there are no reports isolating of lipase producing strains from the high temperature phase of pig carcass compost. Lipase producing strains were isolated using a triglyceride medium and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The optimal fermentation conditions for maximum lipase yield were gradually optimized by single-factor tests. The extracellular lipase was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Sephadex G-75 gel isolation chromatography. Amino acid sequence analysis, structure prediction, and molecular docking of the purified protein were performed. The pure lipase's enzymatic properties and application potential were evaluated by characterizing its biochemical properties. In this study, a lipase producing strain of Bacillus sp. ZF2 was isolated from pig carcass compost products, the optimal fermentation conditions of lipase: sucrose 3 g/L, ammonium sulfate 7 g/L, Mn.sup.2+ 1.0 mmol/L, initial pH 6, inoculum 5%, temperature 25 â, and fermentation time 48 h. After purification, the specific activity of the purified lipase reached 317.59 U/mg, a 9.78-fold improvement. Lipase had the highest similarity to the GH family 46 chitosanase and molecular docking showed that lipase binds to fat via two hydrogen bonds at Gln146 (A) and Glu203 (A). Under different conditions (temperature, metal ions, organic solvents, and surfactants), lipase can maintain enzymatic activity. Under different types of kitchen oils, lipase has low activity only for 'chicken oil', in treating other substrates, the enzyme activity can exceed 50%. This study reveals the potential of lipase for waste oil removal, and future research will be devoted to the application of lipase.
Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMFs) are considered to be a safe and non-invasive way to effectively treat numerous musculoskeletal disorders, such as delayed union or nonunion fractures, ...osteoarthritis (OA), osteoporosis (OP), osteonecrosis (ON), tendon disorders, etc. The PEMF exposure system generally consisted of a PEMF signal generator and a coil assembly with two‐coil array. The pair of coils generate magnetic field and electric field. The area between the coils is the position of the body for the person undergoing PEMF therapy. The frequency, intensity, and pulse forms are three of most crucial parameters. The frequency of electromagnetic fields used in clinical treatment is usually less than 100 Hz and the magnetic flux density is between 0.1 m T and 30 m T. All PEMF therapy devices utilize one or more of waveforms or a combination of them (such as sine square waves, triangle waves and sawtooth waves, etc.), in order to transfer the pulsed electromagnetic energy into the body. In addition, the duration of PEMF treatment is another essential factor should be taken into consideration because it is closely related to the therapeutic efficacy.
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•Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are a noninvasive, safe and effective physical therapy, with no significant side effects.•PEMFs provide a new alternative for the treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders.•Further study is warranted to confirm the benefits of PEMF therapy on a variety of musculoskeletal disorders.
Increasing evidence suggests that an exogenous electromagnetic field might be involved in many biologic processes which are of great importance for therapeutic interventions. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are known to be a noninvasive, safe and effective therapy agent without apparent side effects. Numerous studies have shown that PEMFs possess the potential to become a stand-alone or adjunctive treatment modality for treating musculoskeletal disorders. However, several issues remain unresolved. Prior to their widely clinical application, further researches from well-designed, high-quality studies are still required to standardize the treatment parameters and derive the optimal protocol for health-care decision making. In this review, we aim to provide current evidence on the mechanism of action, clinical applications, and controversies of PEMFs in musculoskeletal disorders.
The intestinal microbiota assumes a pivotal role in modulating host metabolism, immune responses, overall health, and additional physiological dimensions. The structural and functional ...characteristics of the intestinal microbiota may cause alterations within the host’s body to a certain extent. The composition of the gut microbiota is associated with environmental factors, dietary habits, and other pertinent conditions. The investigation into the gut microbiota of yaks remained relatively underexplored. An examination of yak gut microbiota holds promise in elucidating the complex relationship between microbial communities and the adaptive responses of the host to its environment. In this study, yak were selected from two distinct environmental conditions: those raised in sheds (NS, n=6) and grazed in Nimu County (NF, n=6). Fecal samples were collected from the yaks and subsequently processed for analysis through 16S rDNA and ITS sequencing methodologies. The results revealed that different feeding styles result in significant differences in the Alpha diversity of fungi in the gut of yaks, while the gut microbiota of captive yaks was relatively conserved. In addition, significant differences appeared in the abundance of microorganisms in different taxa, phylum Verrucomicrobiota was significantly enriched in group NF while Firmicutes was higher in group NS. At the genus level, Akkermansia , Paenibacillus , Roseburia , Dorea , UCG_012 , Anaerovorax and Marvinbryantia were enriched in group NF while Desemzia , Olsenella , Kocuria , Ornithinimicrobium and Parvibacter were higher in group NS (P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was a significant difference in the function of gut microbiota between the two groups. The observed variations are likely influenced by differences in feeding methods and environmental conditions both inside and outside the pen. The findings of this investigation offer prospective insights into enhancing the yak breeding and expansion of the yak industry.
Low-level alkalinity (pH 9-10) coupled with ultrasonic or mechanical cutting with different energy input for obtaining carbon sources were tested for sludge pretreatment process before anaerobic ...sludge digestion. The differences between the primary sludge (PS) and waste activated sludge (WAS)-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) species were evaluated for their bioavailability and affinity (in the form of amino acids) to the bio-nutrient removal (BNR) biomass. Soluble microbial by-product-like substances as the predominant DOM components in the raw PS and WAS increased by 23 and 22%, respectively, after low-level alkaline treatment (pH 9-10) and ultrasonication. In addition, the protein components were degraded further as free amino acids (FAAs). The sludge-derived aspartate, glutamate, followed by arginine were the most commonly used FAAs by the BNR biomass. The pattern of recovering this special sludge-derived carbon source to enhance P removal and recovery in the BNR process is depicted.
Reproductive performance is a key factor in determining the profitability of dairy farm, which is affected by many factors such as environment and diseases. Mastitis is a common and important ...disease, which has caused huge economic losses to the dairy industries worldwide. Mammary gland infection causes immune responses, resulting in the abnormal secretion of cytokines and hormones and abnormal function of the reproductive system such as the ovary, corpus luteum, uterus and embryo. Cows with mastitis have delayed oestrus, decreased pregnancy rate and increased risk of abortion. The adverse effects of mastitis on reproductive performance are affected by many factors, such as occurrence time, pathogen and cow factors. This paper primarily reviews the progress in the effects and mechanisms of mastitis on reproductive performance, with emphasis on maternal transcriptome, genomic analysis, epigenetic modification, microbiota, inflammatory regulation and immune evasion mechanism of mastitis, aiming to provide directions for the prevention and control of mastitis in the future.
Background. Surgical site infection (SSI) was a formidable challenge for surgical management of femoral neck fractures; however, there was a lack of studies with comprehensive variables. We conducted ...this study to investigate the incidence and risk factors of SSI in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures. Methods. This was a retrospective study of patients who presented with femoral neck fractures and underwent surgery in our institution between January 2016 and April 2020. All data were collected from a previously validated database. Patients were divided into SSI and non-SSI groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify the risk factors for SSI. Results. A total of 2218 patients with femoral neck fractures were enrolled in the study, of whom 22 (1%) developed SSI, including 15 (0.7%) superficial and 7 (0.3%) deep SSIs. After multivariable adjustment for confounding factors, patients with and without SSI significantly differ in terms of gender, prolonged time to surgery, CHE<5 U/L, and injury mechanism. Conclusions. Our results were helpful for stratification of SSI risk and improved management of hip fracture. Clinicians should be alert to patients with these factors and improve modifiable factors such as preoperative waiting time.
Abstract The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a valuable genetic resource pool, and the high-altitude adaptation of Tibetan pigs is a classic example of the adaptive evolution of domestic animals. Here, we ...report the presence of Darwinian positive selection signatures in Tibetan pigs (TBPs) using 348 genome-wide datasets (127 whole-genome sequence datasets (WGSs) and 221 whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip datasets). We characterized a high-confidence list of genetic signatures related response to high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan pigs, including 4,598 candidate SNPs and 131 candidate genes. Functional annotation and enrichment analysis revealed that 131 candidate genes are related to multiple systems and organs in Tibetan pigs. Notably, eight of the top ten novel genes, RALB , NBEA , LIFR , CLEC17A , PRIM2 , CDH7 , GK5 and FAM83B, were highlighted and associated with improved adaptive heart functions in Tibetan pigs high-altitude adaptation. Moreover, genome-wide association analysis revealed that 29 SNPs were involved in 13 candidate genes associated with at least one adaptive trait. In particular, among the top ten candidate genes, CLEC17A is related to a reduction in hemoglobin (HGB) in Tibetan pigs. Overall, our study provides a robust SNP/gene list involving genetic adaptation for Tibetan pig high-altitude adaptation, and it will be a valuable resource for future Tibetan pig studies.
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