Two examples of ribosome-lamellae complexes (RLCs) occurring in benign plasma cells are presented. These were seen utilizing transmission electron microscopy in a case of mycosis fungoides in skin ...and a fibrosarcoma of a lower extremity. In both cases the accompanying plasmacytic infiltrate was interpreted as reactive and not malignant. Once thought to be a specific marker for hairy cell leukemia, RLCs now have been described in a wide variety of neoplastic diseases (mostly hematologic) and in a few examples of nonneoplastic conditions. RLCs have not been described previously in benign plasma cells. A review of the literature with respect to occurrence and significance of RLCs is presented.
The results of this study indicated that some new patterns are emerging in computer usage by dentists. The majority in this study reported utilizing micro- and minicomputers rather than commercial ...services. The increasing acceptance of personal computers and their decreasing costs will certainly contribute to increased utilization and the development of additional applications.
Two methods for determining the hydrocarbon-metabolizing enzyme activity of cultured mammalian cells were compared. The method designed to measure benzoaanthracene-induced aryl hydrocarbon ...hydroxylase activity could detect and quantify enzyme activities in low passage rodent cells, but could not reproducibly detect levels in intermediate or high passage mouse, rat, or human cells. The method designed to measure the ability of a cell to convert benzoapyrene from an organic-soluble to an aqueous acetone-soluble form proved to be more reproducible. This technique, when modified, was demonstrated to be an effective screening test for the detection of those lines with higher levels of hydrocarbon-metabolizing enzymes.
Electrophoretic variation in proteins encoded by 21 loci was analyzed for 37 populations of Geomys bursarius sampled across the ranges and at two contact zones of chromosomal races D (2N = 72, FN = ...70) and E (2N = 74, FN = 72). Previous electrophoretic studies at a contact zone of these races in central Texas indicated a high degree of genic differentiation between the two forms. Four loci, ADH-1, MDH-2, LDH-1, and IDH-1, exhibited patterns of alternately fixed or predominant alleles between the races. This pattern was consistent across the ranges of both races and at a contact zone near Norman, Oklahoma. Genic identities among populations of chromosomal races D and E were 0.938 and 0.953, respectively, while interracial genic identity was 0.685. Additionally, the races have significantly different levels of heterozygosity, along with differences in interpopulation heterogeneity. Intensive study of the contact zone near Norman, Oklahoma, revealed the chromosomal races are generally parapatric, except in one area where a local population was comprised of both races and a F1 hybrid. No backcross individuals were found. It is concluded that the two races are maintaining separate gene pools and that chromosomal race E be recognized as a separate species, Geomys breviceps.
In the chapter on de-Stalinization, Willie Thompson discusses the acceptance and respect which Stalinism enjoyed among communists. For them Stalinism meant effective organization and centralization, ...both of which in turn successfully achieved collectivization, industrialization, and the total defeat of Fascism. Communists, therefore, risked their lives in defence of what they fervently believed was a precious and tangible "good." De-Stalinization, initiated out of personal revenge and the recognition that the economic and political contradictions between reality and ideology must soon be resolved, shattered the solidity of European, if not Asian communism. However, China's pro-Stalin stance and Mao's ambition to succeed Stalin as global leader, Thompson believes, did eventually split the movement. Whereas failures and successes of communist parties in Africa, Asia, and Europe stayed balanced, such events as Budapest, Prague, and the Brezhnev Doctrine provoked widespread condemnation. Rival ideologies such as Trotskyism, Maoism, and Castroism were only temporarily successful and remained limited in their appeal to fringe factions. Manoeuvring as a super-power, facing its internal contradictions, and confronted by China's rivalry, Moscow's grip on the movement loosened. This encouraged the emergence of Eurocommunism and enabled the large and popular Italian Communist party to embark on the "Italian Road" to communism. Thompson, in surveying the global fortunes and failures of the numerous communist parties, concludes that the electorally successful parties had exchanged their revolutionary attitudes for radical reformatory policies which were to be achieved within their respective nation-states. With Moscow gone, the world communist movement lost its centre for organization, invigoration, and inspiration. International communism succumbed to nationalism. With Soviet History in the Yeltsin Era, Emeritus Professor in the Centre for Russian and Eastern European Studies at the University of Birmingham, presents a companion to his earlier Soviet History in the Gorbachev Revolution (London and Indiana, 1989). Dividing his new study into three parts and covering the period from late September 1988 to 1996, Robert William Davies discusses first "The politics of Soviet History." He analyses the manner in which journalists, writers, leading intellectuals, and politicians inject Soviet history into contemporary Russian politics. The abolition of censorship, the release of millions of files, and easier access to archives allowed these persons to search the Soviet past for precedents and parallels, and in the course of that process either temporarily favour or condemn past events for their utility in supporting a particular vision of a new Russia. Davies examines how re-thinking the Soviet past with regard to Lenin, the N.E.P., the October Revolution, or Stalin is periodically altered by the stream of new revelations and how the views of such groups as the free-marketeers, democrats, communists, nationalists, and neo-Stalinists are continuously fluctuating. Davies's extensive examination of eight selected research topics ranging from "Lenin and the Civil War" to "The Secret Police and the Camps" to "Stalin's Entourage at the End" produce interesting but hardly sensational results. For example, the new files show that accepted heroes turned into villains in certain instances and the conventional villains might be "good" guys. Marshall Tukhachevskii's ruthless put-down of the peasant movement let by Antonov (1920-1921) illustrates the former, while Beria's role as an advocate of reforms illustrates the latter. Whereas the figure for the victims in the Gulag, frequently cited in Western monographs, are both too high or too low, the figure for the Katyn victims is too low. Similar revelations concerning Soviet society, the world of sciences, opposition to Stalin and Stalinism require integration into and evaluation within a developing context of Soviet history. Although the political allegiances among Russian historians are divergent, Davies is optimistic nonetheless for "the future of the Soviet Past" (p. 215) in the light of continuous archival access, freedom of research and discussion, and extensive contacts with all sorts of foreign historians.
Karyotypes of 28 fulvous-bellied cotton rats, Sigmodon fulviventer, from Arizona and New Mexico were analyzed. Intrapopulational variation in diploid numbers of 30, 29, and 28 was found. This ...polymorphism is ascribed to Robertsonian changes: centric fusion or fission involving two pairs of acrocentric autosomes or one pair of metacentric autosomes, respectively. Possible mechanisms are discussed for the origin of this polymorphism and its evolutionary significance. The relatively high frequency of each diploid type is contrasted with the condition in certain other species of mammals. Tentative remarks concerning chromosomal relationships among four kinds of Sigmodon are presented.
This study investigated the extent to which high-speed lateral-view cineradiography and a photodetector system described by Dalston (1982) provided comparable information concerning velopharyngeal ...activity. We observed the production of isolated utterances and running speech for 2 subjects in three contexts. A comparison was made between the times at which the velopharyngeal port was observed by each method to begin opening, reach maximal opening, begin closing, and initially attain closure. The photodetector system was found to be sensitive to changes in velar position observed by cineradiography. The correlation between the magnitude of photodetector output and the magnitude of velar displacement from the posterior pharyngeal wall was .89 for Subject 1 and .78 for Subject 2. The lack of a perfect relation between the output of the photodetector device and movements of the velum observed by cineradiography was not unexpected given the two-dimensional limitation of lateral cineradiography and the complexity of events associated with changing port size. The significance of these findings is discussed with respect to the potential research and clinical uses of this photodetector system.
