The presence of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV3) was examined in 119 nasal swabs collected from cattle with severe respiratory infection. All samples were conducted for virus isolation on ...the MDBK cell line. The cytopathic effect was observed after 48h to 72h in cells inoculated with eight samples (8/119; 6.7%). The confirmation of isolated strains of BPIV3 was done by the virus-neutralization test. In addition, all samples of bovine nasal swabs were also examined for the presence of BPIV3 virus using RT-PCR with primers specific for the part of HN gene. The presence of BPIV3 was detected in eight samples (8/119; 6.7%) that were also positive upon virus isolation. The molecular characterization based on nucleotide sequencing of the part of the HN gene showed that all BPIV3 isolates belonged to genotype C of BPIV3. They branched in one distinct cluster with three different branches, but these branches were very similar to each other (98.1% to 99.8%). Serbian BPIV3c isolates were most similar to the Chinese BPIV3c isolates SD0805, SD0809 and SD0835 (from 97.92% to 99.7%), and to South Korean (12Q061), Japanese (HS9) and American (TVMDL16 and TVMDL20) BPIV3c strains (from 97.1% to 98.8%), and distinct from American (TVMDL15and TVMDL17) and Australian (Q5592) BPI3V genotype B strains (only 79.9% to 82.3% similarity), as well as from the genotype A BPIV3 strains from different countries published in GenBank.
The presence of pseudorabies virus (PrV), porcine parvovirus (PPV) and porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) was examined in sixty samples (spleen and lymph nodes) and thirty samples of sacral ganglia ...collected from non-vaccinated swine by virus isolation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using PCR method PrV was detected in three samples, PPV in seven samples and six samples were found positive for PCV2. The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of three PrV isolates identified in this study showed high similarity and significant clustering within the PrV genotype I strains such as Kaplan and Bartha isolated from pigs in Hungary, strain Becker isolated in USA and strain Kolchis isolated in Greece. The nucleotide sequences of two PPV isolates showed high level of similarity with the strain Challenge isolated from pigs in UK, strain Kresse isolated in USA and strains 77 and LZ isolated in China. The phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of two PCV2 isolates showed high level of similarity and significant clustering within genotype PCV2b strains such as NIVS-3, NIVS-5 and NIVS-6 isolated in Serbia, strain 3959 isolated in Austria, strain PM165 isolated from pigs in Brasil, and strain XT2008 isolated in China. The results of our study present the molecular characterization of PrV, PPV and PCV2 identified in swine in Republic of Montenegro. Besides that, these results confirmed that PCR is a very useful method for rapid detection of these viruses in subclinically infected swine.
The presence of porcine circovirus 2 and porcine parvovirus was examined in forty clinical samples of spleen, lymph nodes and lungs originating from non-vaccinated swine by polymerase chain reaction. ...All animals were reared in extensive livestock farming systems in different geographical districts of Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Porcine circovirus 2 DNA was detected in four lymph node and two spleen samples (15%), while porcine parvovirus DNA was identified in five lymph node samples (12.5%). The presence of both viruses was detected in three lymph node samples (7.5%). Partial nucleotide sequence of ORF1 gene of 2 porcine circovirus 2 and VP2 gene of 2 porcine parvovirus isolates was determined. The nucleotide sequences of two PCV2 isolates from RS-BIH included in phylogenetic typing are similar and cluster together with the strain Mantova isolated from domestic pigs in Italy, strains DE006-14 and DE222-13 isolated from pigs in Germany as well as with the strain Jvnan isolated from pigs in China. Also, analyzed PCV2 isolates were partially similar to the strain NIV-C SRB isolated from pigs in Serbia. The nucleotide sequences of two PPV isolates that were included in phylogenetic typing showed a high level of similarity with the strain Challenge isolated from pigs in UK, strain Kresse isolated from pigs in USA and strains 77 and LZ isolated from pigs in China.
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is one of the most important viral pathogens of
avian species and the causative agent of atypical fowl plague, a highly
contagious and economically important disease ...characterized by high mortality
rates and reduction of egg production. The HN and F proteins are the main
targets for immune response to NDV. Vaccination of poultry with live and
inactivated NDV vaccines is the most effective method of control and
prevention of Newcastle disease, however due to their disadvantages, efforts
are being invested into developing subunit vaccines. To this end, the NDV HN
and/or F protein have been expressed using different viruses as vectors, but
have also been expressed using transgenic plant systems, yeast and lactic
acid bacteria in order to produce the NDV subunit vaccine. Many authors have
investigated the possibility of preparation of vaccines from purified and
biologically active NDV subunits with HN and F glycoproteins, purified from
nucleocapsids, viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) and pyrogens. The above mentioned
viral glycoproteins with preserved antigenic structure and biological
activities can be used as subunit vaccinal antigens due to their immunogenic
properties.
Viral infections of swine cause significant economic losses in swine
husbandry. They manifest in death of infected animals of different ages or in
decreased productivity during the manufacturing ...process. Having that in mind,
rapid and reliable diagnostics of viral infections is crucial in the
prevention of disease transmission in herds of swine. Today, virological
laboratories all over the world use different diagnostic methods such as
isolation of virus in cell lines, ELISA, virus neutralization test, direct
and indirect immunofluorescence and hemagglutination and hemagglutination
inhibition tests. Virus isolation, virus neutralization test and some other
standard virological methods are time consuming and rather expensive,
therefore, molecular methods such as conventional PCR, RT - PCR, real-time
PCR and direct sequencing methods are applied worldwide as fast and reliable.
Their application is especially necessary for the detection of viruses which
cannot be identified by using standard virological methods.
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of
death from cancer in women. The accuracy of diagnosis can be increased with a combination of clinical
examination, ...imaging diagnostics, and fi ne needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or core needle biopsy,
also known as triple test. The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of
FNAC in the diagnosis of breast tumors in our institution by correlating it with histopathology findings.
We assessed the accuracy of 124 FNAC findings by comparing cytological diagnosis of breast
masses with the diagnoses from histopathology reports obtained by surgery. Statistical analysis showed
95.1% accuracy, 97.7% sensitivity, 89.1% specificity, 95.5% positive predictive value and 94.2%
negative predictive value of FNAC. Study results indicated that FNAC could be used as a highly
reliable tool in the differential diagnosis of breast tumors, in combination with clinical and imaging
findings, especially in developing countries with limited financial resources.
Karcinom dojke je najčešći zloćudni tumor i vodeći uzrok smrti od zloćudne bolesti kod žena. Pravodobnost i točnost dijagnoze mogu se poboljšati kombinacijom kliničkog pregleda, radioloških pretraga ...i citološke punkcije tankom iglom ili core biopsije. Istraživanje je provedeno kako bi se utvrdila osjetljivost i specifičnost citološke punkcije tankom iglom tumora dojke u odnosu na patohistološki nalaz. U istraživanje je uključeno 124 nalaza citološke punkcije tankom iglom tumora dojke koji su uspoređeni s patohistološkim nalazom nakon kirurške resekcije. Statistička analiza je pokazala točnost od 95,1%, osjetljivost od 97,7%, specifičnost od 89,1%, pozitivnu prediktivnu vrijednost od 95,5% i negativnu prediktivnu
vrijednost od 94,2%. Istraživanje je pokazalo da se citološka punkcija tankom iglom može koristiti kao veoma pouzdana pretraga u diferencijalnoj dijagnozi tumora dojke, u kombinaciji s kliničkim pregledom i radiološkim pretragama, pogotovo u zemljama u razvoju s ograničenim materijalnim sredstvima.
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