The origin and nature of extreme energy cosmic rays (EECRs), which have energies above the
5
⋅
10
19
eV
—the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin (GZK) energy limit, is one of the most interesting and complicated ...problems in modern cosmic-ray physics. Existing ground-based detectors have helped to obtain remarkable results in studying cosmic rays before and after the GZK limit, but have also produced some contradictions in our understanding of cosmic ray mass composition. Moreover, each of these detectors covers only a part of the celestial sphere, which poses problems for studying the arrival directions of EECRs and identifying their sources. As a new generation of EECR space detectors, TUS (Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up), KLYPVE and JEM-EUSO, are intended to study the most energetic cosmic-ray particles, providing larger, uniform exposures of the entire celestial sphere. The TUS detector, launched on board the Lomonosov satellite on April 28, 2016 from Vostochny Cosmodrome in Russia, is the first of these. It employs a single-mirror optical system and a photomultiplier tube matrix as a photo-detector and will test the fluorescent method of measuring EECRs from space. Utilizing the Earth’s atmosphere as a huge calorimeter, it is expected to detect EECRs with energies above
10
20
eV
.
It will also be able to register slower atmospheric transient events: atmospheric fluorescence in electrical discharges of various types including precipitating electrons escaping the magnetosphere and from the radiation of meteors passing through the atmosphere. We describe the design of the TUS detector and present results of different ground-based tests and simulations.
Based on the Kharitonov criterion, a robust stability limit is constructed. Methods for calculating this limit are developed. An algorithm for designing an optimal robust control system with a given ...value of this limit is presented. The effectiveness of the algorithm is demonstrated by numerical examples.
Since 2019, the Russian–Italian experiment “UV Atmosphere” (Mini-EUSO) has been operational on the International Space Station. The primary instrument of this experiment is a wide-angle telescope ...positioned toward nadir. Its main objective is to generate an ultraviolet map of the Earth’s nocturnal atmosphere radiation. This map serves as a crucial element in the preparation of a large-scale experiment involving the study of extremely high-energy cosmic rays using an orbiting telescope. Similar to the preceding TUS experiment, the “UV Atmosphere” instrument detects signals from various atmospheric processes in the ultraviolet range, including the luminosity of meteors. In this paper, we describe two simple neural networks that effectively extract meteor signals from the overall data stream. The proposed approach can also be applied to identify track-like signals of various origins in the data obtained from fluorescent and Cherenkov telescopes.
The article discusses the issues of sustainable development management in the context of innovation implementation. Formation of a new management model serves, according to the authors, to improve ...efficiency of innovation processes in organizations. In this regard, the article examines the complex of management measures in the general management system in the process of introducing innovations in conditions of uncertainty and risks. At the same time, the state of the level of sustainable innovative development of the petrochemical complex is studied. To achieve these goals, the study of the relationship between components of the company's sustainable development is carried out; the role of the internal state of the economic system in this process is determined and the constraints that restrain transition to a new innovative quality are estimated. Based on the results of the study, a model for assessing the management of sustainable development of a company is proposed, taking into account innovative nature of the development. Thanks to this technique, it is possible not only to determine the quality of the management system for sustainable innovative development of the economic system, but also to identify directions for its improvement and development.
In 2016–2017, TUS, the world’s first experiment for testing the possibility of registering ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) by their fluorescent radiation in the night atmosphere of Earth was ...carried out. Since 2019, the Russian-Italian fluorescence telescope (FT) Mini-EUSO (“UV Atmosphere”) has been operating on the ISS. The stratospheric experiment EUSO-SPB2, which will employ an FT for registering UHECRs, is planned for 2023. We show how simple convolutional neural networks can be effectively used to find track-like events in the variety of data obtained with such instruments.
The
subject
of the study is new technologies for managing industrial innovation funding. The
aim
of the article is to form an optimal mechanism for the application of technologies for managing ...industrial innovation funding based on the use of new financial instruments. The
relevance
of the research is due to the increasing role of innovation in ensuring competitive advantages and market stability of industrial enterprises, as well as the growing need to attract funding.
The scientific novelty
consists in grouping the existing financing technologies into three main groups: traditional, modern and new. The
research methods
are analysis, systematization, synthesis, induction, deduction, modeling. The authors built a model of the mutual influence of innovative industrial development and the subsequent development of financing technologies in the financial sector. In the course of the study, the author obtained the following
results
: a mechanism for applying new technologies to manage innovation funding was developed, a priority financial instrument was identified for use within the framework of the developed mechanism. The authors
conclude
that the role of digital technologies in the activities of an industrial enterprise and, accordingly, in innovation funding is increasing. At the same time, the activities of an enterprise in attracting resources by issuing digital securities (shares) to finance innovations are of the greatest practical interest.
TUS (Tracking Ultraviolet Set-up), the first orbital telescope of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), has demonstrated that instruments of this kind have much broader capabilities and can also ...detect various transient luminous events, meteors, anthropogenic glow and other processes taking place in Earth atmosphere in the UV frequency range. In this short paper, we address the question whether an orbital detector of UHECRs can also register gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) via the fluorescent glow of irradiated nocturnal atmosphere. We analyse the latest Fermi GBM catalog of GRBs and properties of several active and perspective instruments. The study reveals that even an avanced detector with parameters of an optical system similar to that of the KLYPVE-EUSO (K-EUSO) or POEMMA telescopes and an appropriate trigger tuned to register events that evolve much slower than an extensive air shower, has very modest capabilities in this respect and will be able to observe only a few GRBs per year of operation.
This paper proposes a criterion based on which, using methods of mathematical programming, an algorithm is constructed for successively reducing the limit complexity of a controller.
The innovative nature of an engineering company has such indicators as the presence of innovative products on the market; developing/acquiring innovations costs; the number of patents applied for ...during the year. In addition to these external innovation properties, the existence of emergent quality of the company determines a whole range of internal and external factors. The relevance of this paper is to study them. Also, the main purpose is to identify the most common obstacles that arise in the way of innovative growth of national companies. The research methodology consisted in conducting a survey of representatives of the top management of engineering companies and analyzing the answers. It allowed to outline the general problem of innovation management in the national economy, as well as to identify the most significant factors that determine the innovation of companies to a greater or lesser extent. As a result, the article provides a meaningful interpretation of these factors and formulates hypotheses about their quantitative measurability. Practical testing of the proposals made on specific economic entities will allow to form a source data set for engineering of a standard management model of the company’s innovative growth. In turn, such model can be used as the basis for the appropriate corporate standard development.
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