Highlights • Rats inhaled Fe2 O3 nanoparticles (NPs) at a low concentration for 4 h a day, 5 days a week during 3, 6 or 10 months. • Mathematical modeling shows that retention of the NPs in lungs is ...controlled by physiological and solubilization mechanisms. • TEM images revealed NPs accumulated within alveolocytes and myelin sheaths of brain neural fibers.
For the first time, the methods of high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and pH differential method spectrophotometry were used for the detailed study of ...qualitative and quantitative composition of the anthocyanin spectrum of the flowers of 14 common lilac varieties (
Syringa vulgaris
L), belonging to various colour groups of introduced specimens of the in vitro collection of the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, of Belarus. Based on the findings of chromatography, spectral measurements and their comparison with authentic samples, and according to literature data, lilac flower anthocyanins were identified as coumaroyl-hexosides or rutinosides of delphinidin and cyanidin. All varieties can be divided for convenience into three groups according to the presence and content of delphinidin and cyanidin derivatives: not containing any (light colours: white, bluish); containing only cyanidin derivatives (dark colours); containing delphinidin and cyanidin derivatives (complex colours: pinkish lilac, violet blue, lilac violet). It is established that anthocyanin content varies depending on the colour; according to HPLC, flowers either do not contain anthocyanins, or contain them in the range of 0.32–3.80 mg/100 g dry weight; according to pH differential spectrophotometry, the flowers contain 0.03–3.71 mg/100 g dry weight anthocyanin pigments. The obtained data will give additional information about documenting lilac varieties; their description is published on the Internet, in the HBC-Info information storage and retrieval system (
http://hbc.bas-net.by
).
•The laser monitor allows you to film the splashing of the melt in the laser plume.•For continuous laser radiation, melt spraying has a threshold character.•The threshold for the start of melt ...spraying depends on the radiation intensity.•Most of the melt is sprayed by jets, which then split into large droplets.
In this paper we use high-speed video recording in order to study the splashing of melt drops when a Nd:Y2O3 target is exposed to single pulses of ytterbium fiber laser radiation with duration of 1100–4000 μs. The intensity of radiation focused on the target surface into a spot with a diameter of 430 μm was 0.077÷0.46 MW/cm2. Using a “laser monitor” based on CuBr vapor active medium for video recording makes it possible to eliminate the too bright glow of the vapor in the laser plume from the images and to observe the melt splashing directly from the crater. In the experiment, it turns out to be possible to observe the dynamics of the formation of droplets having dimensions of 10–180 μm and constituting 99 % of the mass of all droplets. As a rule, the melt is removed from the crater not in single drops, but rather in the form of jets that are divided into drops only when already in the air. At a radiation intensity of 0.46 MW/cm2, the melt begins to splash 200–250 μs after the start of target evaporation. As the radiation intensity decreases, this delay increases nonlinearly. At a radiation intensity of 0.13 MW/cm2 the melt can no longer splash out of the crater. According to theoretical calculations, splashing is possible if the reactive pressure of the laser plume vapor on the melt pool in the crater exceeds a certain value. Under the conditions of our experiment, the melt can splash out for excess vapor pressure in the crater exceeding 140 kPa.
The aim of the article is to systematize the views on the concept of cryptocurrency from the literature and among international and national organizations and regulators, to analyze its economic ...essence and the place in the modern monetary and financial system. The definition and the functions of cryptocurrency are discussed in the framework of descriptive and theoretical analysis. The paper systematized the existing approaches to the concept analysis of cryptocurrency; the place of cryptocurrency in modern economic theory is shown.The article concludes that cryptocurrencies are often determined through the set of basic characteristics. Cryptocurrencies are not money, though they can perform the main function of money — to be a means of payment; they can be a means of making settlements, assets, platforms for concluding smart contracts, a means for crowdfunding. They are not private money in Hayek’s interpretation. Cryptocurrencies can be described in the framework of the models of new monetarism (payment economics).
Structure of vacuum Cu–Ta condensates Zubkov, A. I.; Zubarev, E. N.; Sobol’, O. V. ...
Physics of metals and metallography,
02/2017, Letnik:
118, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The structure of vacuum condensate foils (separated from substrates) of the binary Cu–Ta system has been investigated both in the initial condensed state and after annealings at temperatures of up to ...1000°С. It has been shown that the alloying of a vapor flow of the matrix metal (copper) with tantalum to ~0.5 at % makes it possible to reduce the grain size from 3 μm to 50 nm. Depending on the tantalum concentration, condensates exhibit a broad spectrum of structural states, i.e., single- and two-phase, a supersaturated solution of tantalum in the fcc lattice of copper, etc. The structure of the objects possesses a high thermal stability. The temperature of the start of grain growth in the copper matrix depends on the tantalum content and can reach 900°С. The dispersion of the structure of copper condensates and its thermal stability is due to the formation of segregates of tantalum atoms at the boundaries of grains of the copper matrix both in the process of condensation and upon subsequent annealing.
Adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing is one of the most common types of RNA editing, a posttranscriptional modification made by special enzymes. We present a proteomic study on this phenomenon for ...Drosophila melanogaster. Three proteome data sets were used in the study: two taken from public repository and the third one obtained here. A customized protein sequence database was generated using results of genome-wide adenosine-to-inosine RNA studies and applied for identifying the edited proteins. The total number of 68 edited peptides belonging to 59 proteins was identified in all data sets. Eight of them being shared between the whole insect, head, and brain proteomes. Seven edited sites belonging to synaptic vesicle and membrane trafficking proteins were selected for validation by orthogonal analysis by Multiple Reaction Monitoring. Five editing events in cpx, Syx1A, Cadps, CG4587, and EndoA were validated in fruit fly brain tissue at the proteome level using isotopically labeled standards. Ratios of unedited-to-edited proteoforms varied from 35:1 ( Syx1A) to 1:2 ( EndoA). Lys-137 to Glu editing of endophilin A may have functional consequences for its interaction to membrane. The work demonstrates the feasibility to identify the RNA editing event at the proteome level using shotgun proteomics and customized edited protein database.
Nanoparticles of metals and their oxides (Me-NPs) are of special interest in the light of health risks assessment and management, because, along with engineered Me-NPs, there exists usually a ...substantial fraction of nanoscale ("ultrafine") particles of the same substances within the particle size distribution of condensation aerosols generated by arc-welding, metallurgical, and some chemical technologies. The nonspecific responses of the organism to the impact of Me-NP included: changes in the cytological and some biochemical characteristics of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid caused by the deposition of particles in the lower airways, various manifestations of systemic toxicity including significant damage to the liver and kidneys, moderate neurological disturbances associated with possible penetration of Me-NP into the brain from the blood as well as from the nasal mucous membrane along the olfactory pathway, a paradoxically low manifestation of pulmonary pathology due to low chronic retention of nanoparticles in the lungs, and a genotoxic effect on the organism level. The toxicity and even genotoxicity of Me-NPs can be significantly attenuated by adequately composed combinations of some bioactive agents in innocuous doses.
An active neutron method for measuring the residual mass of
235
U in spent fuel assemblies (FAs) of the IRT MEPhI research reactor is presented. The special measuring stand design and uniform ...irradiation of the fuel with neutrons along the entire length of the active part of the FA provide high accuracy of determination of the residual
235
U content. AmLi neutron sources yield a higher effect/background ratio than other types of sources and do not induce the fission of
238
U. The proposed method of transfer of the isotope source in accordance with a given algorithm may be used in experiments where the studied object needs to be irradiated with a uniform fluence.
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