There has been considerable progress in the area of fuel surrogate development to emulate gasoline fuels’ oxidation properties. The current paper aims to review the relevant hydrocarbon group ...components used for the formulation of gasoline surrogates, review specific gasoline surrogates reported in the literature, outlining their utility and deficiencies, and identify the future research needs in the area of gasoline surrogates and kinetics model.
The objectives of the present study were to validate ultra-sonographic examination (US) as a reliable diagnostic tool for endometritis, as well as to determine the effects of intrauterine infusion ...(IU) of benzathine cephapirin plus systemic PGF2α as a treatment protocol of endometritis in dairy cows. 260 Holstein cows were included in this study. The affected cows were examined rectally and US. The cows were divided according to the diagnostic method and treatment protocol into 3 groups. Group1: rectally diagnosed and received systemic PGF2α. Group2: diagnosed rectally and received IU benzathine cephapirin plus systemic PGF2α. Group3: diagnosed US and received IU benzathine cephapirin plus systemic PGF2α. Good reproductive indices were recorded for cows examined US and treated with combination of IU benzathine cephapirin plus systemic PGF2α. A highly significant positive correlations were observed between days in milking (DIM) and most of tested reproductive indices. Meanwhile, Daily milk yield was negatively correlated with all tested reproductive parameters. In conclusion, transrectal US could be used as a reliable method for early diagnosis of endometritis. In addition, using a combination of IU application of benzathine cephapirin plus systemic PGF2α was superior treatment protocol in endometritis in comparison with PGF2α.
The effect of parathyroidectomy on the incidence of recurrent stone formation is uncertain. We aimed to compare the biochemistry and recurrence rate of urolithiasis in patients with primary ...hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) and stone formation (SF) and non-stone formation (NSF) with idiopathic stone formers (ISF).
Patients with pHPT and SF (Group 1) were identified from a prospective database. pHPT patients and NSF (Group 2) and ISFs (Group 3) were randomly selected from respective databases to form three equal groups. Preoperative and postoperative biochemical data were analysed and recurrent urolithiasis diagnosed if present on follow-up radiology. Out-of-area patients were asked about recurrence via telephone.
From July 2002 to October 2011, 640 patients had parathyroidectomy for pHPT. Of these, 66 (10.3%) had a history of renal colic; one was lost to follow-up. Patient demographics were similar across all three groups. Three months post-parathyroidectomy, Groups 1 and 2 had significantly reduced serum calcium concentrations (p<0.01). Group 1 had lower urinary calcium excretion after parathyroidectomy (p<0.01), but estimated glomerular filtration rate did not change following surgery. During median follow-up of 4.33 years (0.25-9 years) in Groups 1 and 2 and 5.08 years (0.810-8 years) in Group 3, one patient (1.5%) in Group 1 and 16 patients (25%) in Group 3 had recurrent urolithiasis (p<0.01). No Group 2 patients developed stones.
Curative parathyroidectomy confers a low recurrence rate for urolithiasis, but does not prevent recurrence in all patients. Further research should aim to identify the risk factors for continued SF in these patients.
The target of this research is to study theoretically and experimentally the performance of spot cooling of a tractor cabinet including a single internal heat source (tested body) by using vortex ...tube. In the theoretical study, the cabinet is cooled from the roof by one port while the lower and side walls temperature is kept constant. The effect of inlet and outlet air ports positions in the cabinet is considered. Moreover, we study the influence of varying some parameters as velocity and temperature of inlet cold air to the cabinet, the pressure of inlet air to the vortex tube and the cold fraction of the vortex tube in the presence of a heat source with a constant heat flux of 120 W/m
2. In this work, FLUENT 6.3.26 package is used in the numerical study. The steady of the 2-D incompressible viscous flow problem is solved by using the fluent package. Various spot cooling geometries are applied. Specific conditions for each case are defined, and the computational fluid dynamics is provided for three different groups containing twelve cases of local inlet and outlet ports. The calculations are performed for ventilation effectiveness factor (VEF) which is ranging from 0.58 to 1.29. The best position for the inlet locations in this study is found in upper right side of roof and the outlet locations in upper left side of cabinet. To validate the numerical model, an experimental test rig has been designed and constructed with the actual dimensions of a tractor cabinet. The experiments are carried out with the same conditions of the ideal case. The comparison of the experimental data, for that of best position of the inlet port, with the theoretical results gives a satisfactory agreement.
A simple and accurate extractive spectrophotometric procedure for the chemical speciation of chromium(III,VI) species in aqueous media has been developed. The method is based upon the extraction of ...the complex ion-associate formed between the chloro chromate (CrO
3Cl
−) anion and the ion-pair reagent tetraphenylarsonium chloride (TPAs
+Cl
−) or tetraphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP
+Br
−) at pH
≤
0 in chloroform followed by direct spectrophotometric measurement at 355
nm. The optimum concentration range evaluated by Beer–Lambert's law, Ringbom's plot, the molar absorptivity, the Sandell's sensitivity, the extraction and stability constants (
K
D,
K
ex and
β), the stoichiometry and the extraction equilibria of the produced complex ion-associates have been determined and gave a convenient applications of the investigated system for analytical purposes. Chromium(III) was also determined by the proposed procedure after prior oxidation to chromate with H
2O
2 in alkaline solution. The method has been applied successfully for the analysis of chromium(VI) and total chromium(III,VI) in industrial wastewater of electroplating plant.
A series of substituted 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-benzo4,5thieno2,3-dpyrimidine-4-one derivatives were newly synthesized starting from 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-benzo4,5thieno2,3-dpyrimidine-4-one ...derivatives (1). Furthermore, their derived tetrazolyl as well as the N-substituted derivatives were also prepared. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared compounds against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were evaluated. The substituted thienopyrimidine derivatives 4 and 6 as well as the arylidine 10 were the highly active compounds.
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