Sleep deprivation and gene expression da Costa Souza, Annie; Ribeiro, Sidarta
Current topics in behavioral neurosciences,
01/2015, Letnik:
25
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Sleep occurs in a wide range of animal species as a vital process for the maintenance of homeostasis, metabolic restoration, physiological regulation, and adaptive cognitive functions in the central ...nervous system. Long-term perturbations induced by the lack of sleep are mostly mediated by changes at the level of transcription and translation. This chapter reviews studies in humans, rodents, and flies to address the various ways by which sleep deprivation affects gene expression in the nervous system, with a focus on genes related to neuronal plasticity, brain function, and cognition. However, the effects of sleep deprivation on gene expression and the functional consequences of sleep loss are clearly not restricted to the cognitive domain but may include increased inflammation, expression of stress-related genes, general impairment of protein translation, metabolic imbalance, and thermal deregulation.
Organoid cultivation in suspension culture requires agitation at low shear stress to allow for nutrient diffusion, which preserves tissue structure. Multiplex systems for organoid cultivation have ...been proposed, but whether they meet similar shear stress parameters as the regularly used spinner flask and its correlation with the successful generation of brain organoids has not been determined.
Here we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate two multiplex culture conditions: steering plates on an orbital shaker and the use of a previously described bioreactor. The bioreactor had low speed and high shear stress regions that may affect cell aggregate growth, depending on volume, whereas the computed variables of the steering plates were closer to those of the spinning flask.
Our protocol improves the initial steps of the standard brain organoid formation, and the produced organoids displayed regionalized brain structures, including retinal pigmented cells. Overall, we conclude that suspension culture on orbital steering plates is a cost-effective practical alternative to previously described platforms for the cultivation of brain organoids for research and multiplex testing.
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-09-17T21:10:57Z;
No. of bitstreams: 1;
AnnieDaCostaSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 4581835 bytes, checksum: 75b58eb36554ceea210d1f40fcbb7f5e (MD5)
...Approved for entry into archive by clediane guedes (clediane@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-10-27T15:25:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1;
AnnieDaCostaSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 4581835 bytes, checksum: 75b58eb36554ceea210d1f40fcbb7f5e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-27T15:25:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1;
AnnieDaCostaSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 4581835 bytes, checksum: 75b58eb36554ceea210d1f40fcbb7f5e (MD5);
Previous issue date: 2014-10-15
Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
O ritmo teta consiste em uma oscila??o eletrofisiol?gica hipocampal presente em v?rias esp?cies de mam?feros (4-12 Hz, com varia??es entre esp?cies). Essa oscila??o est? presente durante a vig?lia ativa de ratos e tamb?m ? predominante no PCL desta esp?cie durante o sono de movimento r?pido dos olhos (sono REM). V?rios trabalhos demonstraram que o ritmo teta ? importante em tarefas cognitivas. O septo medial ? uma regi?o importante na gera??o do ritmo teta hipocampal. Possui proje??es colin?rgicas, GABA?rgicas e glutamat?rgicas para o hipocampo, que por sua vez, possui proje??es de feedback para o septo. Al?m do septo, outras regi?es est?o envolvidas na regula??o do teta, formando uma rede complexa de intera??o e coordena??o entre ?reas que resultam no ritmo. A optogen?tica ? uma ferramenta desenvolvida recentemente que tem sido amplamente utilizada em pesquisas de diversas ?reas. Ela nos permite manipular a atividade el?trica de neur?nios atrav?s de estimula??o luminosa. A t?cnica consiste em, atrav?s de um vetor viral, induzir a express?o neuronal de canais i?nicos associados a opsinas (ex.: ChR2), que uma vez infectados passam a ser sens?veis a luz de determinado comprimento de onda. O presente trabalho de pesquisa de mestrado teve como objetivo implantar a optogen?tica em animais em livre comportamento pioneiramente no Brasil, atrav?s de experimentos com implantes cr?nicos de eletrodos e fibras ?ptica em animais infectados com vetor viral para express?o de ChR2. Foram realizadas cirurgias de inje??es de v?rus no septo medial; resultados histol?gicos confirmaram a express?o de ChR2 atrav?s da marca??o da prote?na rep?rter eYFP no septo e tamb?m em processos hipocampais. Al?m disso, foram realizados experimentos agudos com estimula??o luminosa do septo medial e registro de potenciais de campo local (PCL) no pr?prio septo e hipocampo em animais anestesiados. Ainda nesses experimentos foi poss?vel registrar potenciais de a??o no septo. Nesses experimentos observamos aumento da taxa de disparo dos neur?nios septais durante estimula??o luminosa (n=300 est?mulos). Al?m disso, encontramos uma resposta evocada no PCL do hipocampo no in?cio do pulso luminoso. Tamb?m foram realizados experimentos cr?nicos com estimula??o luminosa do septo medial e registro de PCL do hipocampo em animais em livre comportamento. Atrav?s de an?lise do PCL, verificamos se a estimula??o luminosa do septo ? capaz de induzir ritmo teta no hipocampo.
Theta rhythm consists of an electrophysiological hippocampal oscillation present in mammalian species (4-12 Hz with variations across species). This oscillation is present during active waking and is also prevalent in local field potentials (LFP) during rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep). Several studies have shown that theta rhythm is important in cognitive tasks and that the medial septum is a key region for its occurrence. The septum sends cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic projections to the hippocampus, which in turn projects axons to the septum. Besides the septum, other regions are involved in regulating theta rhythm, forming a complex network of interactions among brain areas that result in theta rhythm. Optogenetics is a recently developed method that has been widely used in various research areas. It allows us to manipulate the electrical activity of neurons through light stimulation. One of the existing techniques consists in using a viral vector to induce the neuronal expression of ion channels associated with the light-sensitive molecule rhodopsin (e.g. ChR2). Once infected, the neurons become sensitive to light of a particular wavelength. The present M. Sc. research aimed to perform luminous stimulation of the brain in anesthetized and freely behaving animals using chronically implanted electrodes and optical fibers in animals infected with a viral vector for ChR2 expression. Surgical viral injections were performed in the medial septum; histological results confirmed the expression of ChR2 by way of the presence of the eYFP reporter protein in the septum and also in hippocampal processes. Moreover, we performed acute experiments with luminous stimulation of the medial septum and LFP recordings of the septum and hippocampus of anesthetized animals. Action potentials were recorded in the septum. In these experiments we observed a significant increase in the firing rates of septal neurons during luminous stimulation (n = 300 trials). Furthermore, we found an early light-evoked response in the hippocampal LFP. Chronic experiments with luminous stimulation of the medial septum and hippocampus in freely behaving animals were also performed in combination with LFP recordings. We found that the luminous stimulation of the septum is able to induce theta rhythm in the hippocampus. Together, the results demonstrate that the luminous stimulation of the medial septum in optogenetically-modified animals causes relevant electrophysiological changes in the septum and the hippocampus.
In this work, the thermodynamics of the commercial porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) partition in aqueous two-phase systems composed of PEG (4000 and 6000) + K
2
HPO
4
/H
3
PO
4
+ water and 2-propanol ...+ K
2
HPO
4
/H
3
PO
4
+ water in pH 7.0 at T = (293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K was studied. The parameters of total protein (K
p
) and enzymatic activity (K
e
) partition coefficients, theoretical recovery index (%Y), purification factor (PF) and selectivity (S) were determined to evaluate the efficiency of the systems in the separation process. Furthermore, in order to explain the driving forces involved in the partition, the thermodynamic transfer parameters (
Δ
tr
G
,
Δ
tr
H
and
Δ
tr
S
) were also determined. The Van’t Hoff equation was used to calculate the enthalpy variation as a function of temperature. In general, proteins migrated preferentially to the top phase of the systems (rich in PEG or alcohol) although higher lipolytic activity in the saline phase. In general, K
p
increased and K
e
decreased as the tie-line length (TLL) increased. The Gibbs free energy transfer (
Δ
tr
G
)
in ATPS PEG 4000 + salt and 2-propanol + salt show that the partition of lipase to the bottom phase is thermodynamically unfavorable. In the PEG 6000 + salt ATPS,
Δ
tr
G
assumed negative values even at lower TLL values. In this study, enthalpic contributions drove lipase transfer in most ATPS. The best aqueous two-phase system for porcine pancreatic lipase partition was composed of 13% of PEG 4000 and 9% of K
2
HPO
4
/H
3
PO
4
(TL 1) at 298.15 K, which presented K
e
= 0.056, %Y = 94.655% and PF = 4.357.
Appropriate dietary recommendations represent a key part of secondary prevention in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We evaluated the effectiveness of the implementation of a nutritional program on ...quality of diet, cardiovascular events, and death in patients with established CVD.
In this open-label, multicenter trial conducted in 35 sites in Brazil, we randomly assigned (1:1) patients aged 45 years or older to receive either the BALANCE Program (experimental group) or conventional nutrition advice (control group). The BALANCE Program included a unique nutritional education strategy to implement recommendations from guidelines, adapted to the use of affordable and regional foods. Adherence to diet was evaluated by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, stroke, myocardial revascularization, amputation, or hospitalization for unstable angina. Secondary end points included biochemical and anthropometric data, and blood pressure levels.
From March 5, 2013, to Abril 7, 2015, a total of 2534 eligible patients were randomly assigned to either the BALANCE Program group (n = 1,266) or the control group (n = 1,268) and were followed up for a median of 3.5 years. In total, 235 (9.3%) participants had been lost to follow-up. After 3 years of follow-up, mean modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index (scale 0-70) was only slightly higher in the BALANCE group versus the control group (26.2 ± 8.4 vs 24.7 ± 8.6, P < .01), mainly due to a 0.5-serving/d greater intake of fruits and of vegetables in the BALANCE group. Primary end point events occurred in 236 participants (18.8%) in the BALANCE group and in 207 participants (16.4%) in the control group (hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% CI 0.95-1.38; P = .15). Secondary end points did not differ between groups after follow-up.
The BALANCE Program only slightly improved adherence to a healthy diet in patients with established CVD and had no significant effect on the incidence of cardiovascular events or death.
OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of not consulting a doctor within a year. METHODS Cross-sectional population-based study, including women aged 20-60 years, living in the urban area of São ...Leopoldo, state of Rio Grande do Sul, in 2015. The association between variables and outcome was assessed using prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). The adjusted analysis was performed using Poisson regression with robust variance. RESULTS Among the 1,127 women participating in the study, 954 (84.6%, 95%CI 82.5-86.7) reported having consulted a physician in the year prior to the interview, 173 (15.4%, 95%CI 13.2-17.5) did not. Women belonging to lower income classes D and E, younger, and smokers had higher prevalences of no medical visits. The participants with hypertension had a higher prevalence of consultations. CONCLUSIONS There was no expected evolution in the local health system, despite the emergence of the policies implemented in this period. It is necessary to provide care for those in less favored socioeconomic conditions and for younger women.
Objectives This study examined the effect of Vitis vinifera grape skin extract (ACH09) on hyperglycaemia and the insulin‐signalling cascade in alloxan‐treated mice.
Methods Glycaemia, serum insulin ...and Western blot analysis of insulin cascade proteins were evaluated in the gastrocnemius muscles of four groups of adult mice: control, ACH09 (200 mg/kg per day, p.o.), alloxan (300 mg/kg, i.p.) and alloxan + ACH09. Insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets was also studied.
Key findings Glycaemia values in the alloxan + ACH09 and ACH09 groups were significantly lower than in the alloxan‐treated and control groups, respectively. Increased insulin resistance (HOMA index) was observed in the alloxan‐treated group but not in the alloxan + ACH09 group. Insulin receptor content and Akt phosphorylation were significantly greater in the alloxan + ACH09 group compared with the alloxan‐treated group. The glucose transporter (GLUT‐4) content was reduced in alloxan‐treated mice compared with the control group, while alloxan + ACH09 and ACH09‐treated mice showed a significant increase in GLUT‐4 content. ACH09 treatment did not change glucose‐induced insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets.
Conclusions The results suggest that ACH09 has hypoglycaemic and antihyperglycaemic effects that are independent of an increase in insulin release but are probably dependent on an increase in insulin sensitivity resulting from an activation of the insulin‐signalling cascade in skeletal muscle.
RESUMEN: Introducción Dadas las dudas relevantes al período embarazo-puerperal y la importancia de la enfermera como educadora en salud, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto de una ...intervención educativa grupal sobre el ciclo embarazo-puerperal en el conocimiento, actitud y práctica de mujeres embarazadas. Método Se realizó un estudio evaluativo del conocimiento, actitud y práctica con enfoque cuantitativo con 20 gestantes en 2019. Se utilizó un instrumento antes y después de la intervención educativa. Se realizaron nueve reuniones y se abordaron 10 temas sobre el período embarazo-puerperal. Los datos se analizaron con el software Jamovi. Resultados La edad media de las mujeres fue de 26,2 años. El 65% de los embarazos no fueron planificados. Hubo diferencia significativa en cuanto al conocimiento sobre los derechos de la gestante (p = 0,023) y la importancia de no dar agua ni té al bebé (p = 0,041). Hubo un cambio en la voluntad de dar a luz en una posición "acostada". También hubo una diferencia en el uso de condones después de la intervención (p = 0,008). Conclusión Los profesionales de la salud pueden utilizar grupos para promover el empoderamiento de las mujeres embarazadas y permitirles buscar atención médica de alta calidad.
PDF
