Environmental noise in hospitals: a systematic review de Lima Andrade, Erik; da Cunha e Silva, Darllan Collins; de Lima, Eligelcy Augusta ...
Environmental science and pollution research international,
04/2021, Letnik:
28, Številka:
16
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Environmental noise has been growing in recent years, causing numerous health problems. Highly sensitive environments such as hospitals deserve special attention, since noise can aggravate patients’ ...health issues and impair the performance of healthcare professionals. This work consists of a systematic review of scientific articles describing environmental noise measurements taken in hospitals between the years 2015 and 2020. The researchers started with a consultation of three databases, namely, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The results indicate that for the most part, these studies are published in journals in the fields of medicine, engineering, environmental sciences, acoustics, and nursing and that most of their authors work in the fields of architecture, engineering, medicine, and nursing. These studies, which are concentrated in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, use as reference values sound levels recommended by the World Health Organization. L
eq
measured in hospital environments showed daytime values ranging from 37 to 88.6 dB (A) and nighttime values of 38.7 to 68.8 dB (A). L
eq
values for outdoor noise were 74.3 and 56.6 dB (A) for daytime and nighttime, respectively. The measurements were taken mainly inside hospitals, prioritizing more sensitive departments such as intensive care units. There is a potential for growth in work carried out in this area, but research should also include discussions about guidelines for improvement measures aimed at reducing noise in hospitals.
Graphical abstract
Farming activities have changed extensively due to world food production pressure, increasing land occupation for agriculture and livestock. Standardization and simplification of these production ...systems have been reflected in the degradation of natural resources and compromised land environmental functions. In this sense, integrated production systems are suggested as technologies to mitigate such environmental adverse impacts. However, implementing such systems can be complex due to their different components (crop, livestock, and/or forestry) to be used in rotation or succession. In this context, an appropriate technology transfer method is essential to understand conditions in which farmers are inserted and hence increase the acceptance and appropriation of a given technology or innovation. Therefore, our study aimed to classify the prioritization of livestock activities in an important watershed in the region of Sorocaba city, São Paulo State (Brazil), to receive technology transfer actions to help integrated system implementation. The study was conducted using multicriteria decision analysis in a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Our findings showed that the analyzed livestock area has a limited technological profile, and the farmers have little access to technical information. Thus, we conclude that institutional and technical actors should strengthen relations with cattle farmers to facilitate technology transfer
.
The determination of soil properties, in addition to requiring great human effort, also involves a number of technical activities of high financial cost. Seeking to show that it is possible to reduce ...these high financial costs, this study presents a methodology that combines remote sensing techniques and mathematical modeling for estimating the concentration of soil organic matter (SOM). Technological advances have provided great improvements in equipment for capturing terrestrial information, allowing a greater availability of quality data for spatial analysis, which has brought about better estimates in the models. Thus, this study evaluated the capacity of the Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellite to determine the concentration of SOM in areas with different types of agricultural use in a hydrographic basin localted in the souutheastern region of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The partial least squares regression method was used to build models for estimating the SOM, taking into account the SAR backscattering values and soil samples obtained in situ, which were collected at a depth of 0–10 cm. The results obtained indicated that the accuracy of the model adjusted based on backscattering values in the vertical/vertical (VV), vertical/horizontal (VH) polarizations, product of VHxVV and soil moisture presented a coefficient of determination of 0.502 with the SOM for independent data, at
p
<0.0001. These results indicate that the model derived from the SAR data for the mapping of SOM presented potential for prediction, but only within acceptable limits for predicting SOM in areas with similar characteristics of land use.
Historically, the Human Development Index (HDI) is used to measure the socioeconomic performance of a population. Despite harsh criticism about its efficiency as an indicator of development, it is ...still widely used as a tool for public management planning. This study proposes a methodology using geoprocessing techniques to perform the mapping and prediction of HDI spatial distribution in the Una River Basin (HDI URB). We used data from the 2010 Demographic Census to calculate the sub-indexes of population longevity, education and income. After obtaining the results, we applied Ordinary Kriging geostatistical interpolation to obtain the continuous variation of HDI values. According to the results, the highest value of HDIURB was obtained in the northern region of the basin located near the urban area of the municipality of Ibiúna (0.86), decreasing as it approached the southern region (0.69), classified as an average human development. Finally, the methodology, despite some limitations, proved to be satisfactory, since it was able to represent internal differences in a water basin from the point of view of quality of life of the population. It may be applied as a tool for management and public administration.
Socioenvironmental indexes are important mechanisms for the communication of information in a summary form. They may also be a sound source on the quality of life of human beings. In this sense, the ...objective of this research is to create a socioenvironmental sustainability index (SSI) applied to river basins that integrate socioenvironmental information from the river basin of the Una River in São Paulo (Brazil) by creating a fuzzy inference system in a geographic information system environment. From the results obtained, only two sub-river basins of the Una River are classified as regular. They are in the urban area to the north of the study area. The other sub-river basins are classified as in poor conditions, that is, with high socioenvironmental vulnerability. They correspond to 81% of the study area. This poor classification is justified by the low income and the high rate of illiteracy in the study area. Both factors presented very poor values. The urban area, compared to the rural area, showed a better socioenvironmental performance. It is partly justified by the access of the population in these areas to education and better work opportunities.
Brazilian spotted fever is an emerging zoonosis notified mainly in the Southeast of Brazil, especially due to its high level of lethality.
To analyze the epidemiological and spatial pattern of the ...disease in the municipality of Valinhos (106,793 inhabitants), São Paulo, Southeastern region of Brazil, in the period between 2001 and 2012.
All laboratory-confirmed cases with likely site of infection in the city (n = 49) notified in the Brazilian Case Registry Database were studied. Sites were geocoded using the cartographic base of the city and Google Earth (geographic coordinates) with correction according to the Brazilian Geodetic System. We used the Kernel estimator to analyze the density of the cases on the map. Land cover and distance to basins of all cases were analyzed. Information about tick species and primary hosts were obtained from reports of the Superintendence of Control of Endemic Diseases.
Seasonality of the disease was observed with the highest incidence from June to November, and in 2005 and 2011. The most affected groups were men (79.6%) aged 20-49 years old (49%). Lethality was found to be 42.9%. Maps showed the progressive registration of cases in the urban area. Capybaras were reported as the main primary host, and Amblyomma cajennense was identified in probable sites of infection during field investigation. The likely sites of infection were mostly located near basins, dirty pastures, and bordering woods.
The transmission pattern of Brazilian spotted fever in Valinhos is similar to that in other cities in the region, where capybara is the main primary host and an amplifier of R. rickettsii. Over the years, a higher occurrence of cases has been identified in the urban area of the city.
Resumo A escassez de dados referentes à poluição difusa nas bacias hidrográficas brasileiras dificulta a criação de modelos que permitam avaliar a geração de fontes poluidoras. Esse trabalho ...objetivou delimitar as áreas com potencial de poluição difusa, assim como mensurar esta carga poluente, aplicando-se dois métodos: o Índice de Potencial Não Pontual (PNPI) e o Modelo Matemático de Correlação Uso do Solo e Qualidade da Água (MQUAL). Esses dois modelos foram trabalhados em Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) analisando Áreas de Contribuição (AC’s) na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cotia (SP). O PNPI médio da bacia hidrográfica foi classificado como baixo potencial de poluição difusa, porém, as áreas de alto potencial aumentam especialmente nas margens do Rio Cotia. O MQUAL indicou um aporte diário de poluentes significativo: aproximadamente 10 kg de Fósforo Total (FT), 200 kg de Nitrogênio Total (NT) e 8 toneladas de Sólidos Suspensos Totais (SST). Os usos e ocupações da terra que mais contribuem para a poluição difusa são: área urbana e indústria, de modo que a análise setorizada da bacia hidrográfica permitiu categorizar áreas de maior potencial de poluição difusa, uma ferramenta útil para compreensão dos efeitos da antropização nos recursos hídricos.
Abstract The scarcity of data on diffuse pollution in Brazilian hydrographic basins makes it difficult to create models that allow the assessment of the generation of polluting sources. Thus, this work aimed to simplify the identification of imminently polluting regions, applying two methods: the Non-Point Potential Index (PNPI) and the Mathematical Model of Correlation Land Use and Water Quality (MQUAL). These two models were developed in Geographic Information System (GIS) analyzing Contribution Areas (CA’s) in the Cotia River Basin (SP). The average PNPI of the basin was classified as low potential for diffuse pollution, however, areas of high potential increased especially on the banks of the Cotia River. The MQUAL indicated a significant daily input of pollutants: approximately 10 kg of Total Phosphorus (PT), 200 kg of Total Nitrogen (NT) and 8 tons of Total Suspended Solids (TSS). The land uses and occupations that contribute most to diffuse pollution are urban area and industry, so the sectoral analysis of the watershed allowed to categorize areas of greater potential diffuse pollution, a useful tool for understanding the effects of anthropization on water resources.
O zoneamento ecológico-econômico é caracterizado como um instrumento estratégico para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de planejamento e gestão de espaços territoriais, possibilitando o desenvolvimento ...em bases sustentáveis. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os métodos utilizados para a elaboração de um zoneamento ecológico-econômico e o atual estado de investigação científica no Brasil, por meio de uma revisão bibliométrica sistemática. Durante a pesquisa foi estabelecida a palavra-chave denominada “zoneamento ecológico-econômico” para realizar o processo de busca, obtendo-se um conjunto de 13 artigos. Com base nos resultados, foi possível constatar que são vários os parâmetros e zonas de manejo utilizadas para a elaboração do ZEE, variando em função de aspectos como as características da área, normas e diretrizes regionais e o objetivo do gestor. Por fim, nota-se que pesquisas acerca desse tema ainda são incipientes, indicando um campo de conhecimento com muitas oportunidades e desafios.
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