The widespread and increasing use of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) as biocide results in an unknown release into the aquatic environment. In order to contribute to the understanding of their potential ...toxicity, the aim of this study was to analyze branchial multiple biomarkers on the neotropical fish Prochilodus lineatus. We exposed fish to sublethal AgNP concentrations: 0 (control), 2.5 and 25.0µgL−1. After 5 and 15 days, we analyzed in gills total Ag accumulation, oxidative stress markers (antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals), aspartate and alanine aminotransferases activities (ALT, AST) and histopathologies (morphometric analysis, proportion of the secondary lamellae available for gas exchange, reaction indexes, and organ index -Igills-) that included mucus cell count (MCc). The Ag accumulation after 15 days was five times higher than after 5 days in the case of 25.0μg AgNP L−1-exposure. Regarding oxidative stress, all enzymes activities were inhibited after 5 days at both AgNP concentrations. ALT activity decreased and a reduction in the antioxidant capacity was evidenced after 2.5µg AgNP L−1 and 15 days. LPO levels and AST activity increased after the highest time of exposure and AgNP concentration, and the same occurred with Igills. MCc increased after 15 days at both AgNP concentrations. The results confirmed that the presence of low AgNP concentrations, in short and subchronic exposures, generates alterations in stress biomarkers and in the structure of this vital organ that are the gills.
•Ag bioaccumulation was proportional to time and concentration of the AgNP exposures.•The enzymatic antioxidant system was inhibited due to AgNP exposures.•Lipid oxidative damage occurred at subchronic conditions.•AgNP led to mucus cells proliferation and caused histological damage.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most produced nanoproducts due to their unique biocide properties. The natural organic matter has an important impact on nanoparticle’s dispersion as it ...may alter their fate and transport, as well as their bioavailability and toxicity. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mitigatory effect of humic acids (HAs) on AgNP toxicity. For this purpose, we carried out an ex vivo exposure of gill of
Piaractus mesopotamicus
fish to 100 μg L
−1
of AgNPs or AgNO
3
, alone and in combination with 10 mg L
−1
of HAs. In parallel, a complete AgNP characterization in the media, including the presence of HAs, was provided, and the Ag
+
release was measured. We analyzed Ag bioaccumulation, antioxidant enzymes activities, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant capacity against peroxyl radicals, and reduced glutathione levels in fish tissue. Our results indicated the Ag
+
release from AgNPs decreased 28% when the HAs were present in the media. The Ag accumulation in gill tissue exposed to AgNPs alone was higher than the AgNO
3
exposure, and sixfold higher than the treatment with the HA addition. Moreover, after both Ag forms, the catalase enzyme augmented its activity. However, those responses were mitigated when the HAs were present in the media. Then, our results suggested the mitigation by HAs under the exposure to both Ag forms, providing valuable information about the fate and behavior of this emergent pollutant.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are unique because of their biocide properties. Once released to environment, AgNP interact with the natural organic matter which impact on their fate, dispersion, and ...ultimate toxicity. We carried out an ex vivo exposure of gill of
Corydoras paleatus
fish to 100 µg L
−1
of AgNP or AgNO
3
, alone and in combination with 10 mg L
−1
of humic acids (HA), with the aim to evaluate the potential mitigation of HA on AgNP toxic effects. We analyzed Ag accumulation and oxidative stress biomarkers. The results showed high bioaccumulation after the AgNO
3
+HA exposure. An inhibition of glutathione-S-transferase enzymatic activity and depletion of reduced glutathione levels were registered after the AgNO
3
exposure, and increased lipid peroxidation levels in the case of AgNP one. Oxidative responses were mitigated when the HA were present in the media. Overall, the knowledge about the fate of this emergent pollutant was deepened through this study.
Summary
Background
Lactate is an already recognized biomarker for short-term mortality in emergency medical services (EMS). However, how different levels of lactate are associated with short-, mid- ...and long-term outcomes should be unveiled.
Aim
To determine how different categories of hyperlactatemia are associated with mortality. We also aim to clinically characterize hyperlactatemia groups.
Design
A multicenter, prospective, observational study performed between January 2019 and February 2022, considering 48 basic life support units and 5 advanced life support units referring to 4 tertiary care hospitals (Spain). Patients were recruited from phone requests for emergency assistance in adults, evacuated to emergency departments. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality from any cause within the first to the 365-day period following EMS attendance. The main measures were demographical and biochemical variables, prehospital advanced life support techniques used and patient condition categorized in 24 diseases.
Methods
Univariate and Cox regression analysis.
Results
A total of 5072 participants fulfilled inclusion criteria. Group #1 (non-hyperlactatemia) was composed of 2389 subjects (47.1%), Group #2 (mild hyperlactatemia) of 1834 (36.1%), Group #3 (hyperlactatemia) of 333 (6.6%) and, finally, Group #4 (severe hyperlactatemia) of 516 (10.2%). The 1-day mortality was 0.2%, 1.1%, 9% and 22.3% in the four lactate groups, respectively. Long-term mortality (365 days) was 10.2%, 22.7%, 38.7% and 46.7% in the four lactate groups, respectively. Differences between patients’ conditions of lactatemia groups were also found.
Conclusions
Our results demonstrated that prehospital lactate categories were associated with short- and long-term outcomes in a different manner. These results will allow EMS to establish different risk states according to the prehospital lactate categories.
Fruits and seeds are the major food source on earth. Both derive from the gynoecium and, therefore, it is crucial to understand the mechanisms that guide the development of this organ of angiosperm ...species. In Arabidopsis, the gynoecium is composed of two congenitally fused carpels, where two domains: medial and lateral, can be distinguished. The medial domain includes the carpel margin meristem (CMM) that is key for the production of the internal tissues involved in fertilization, such as septum, ovules, and transmitting tract. Interestingly, the medial domain shows a high cytokinin signaling output, in contrast to the lateral domain, where it is hardly detected. While it is known that cytokinin provides meristematic properties, understanding on the mechanisms that underlie the cytokinin signaling pattern in the young gynoecium is lacking. Moreover, in other tissues, the cytokinin pathway is often connected to the auxin pathway, but we also lack knowledge about these connections in the young gynoecium. Our results reveal that cytokinin signaling, that can provide meristematic properties required for CMM activity and growth, is enabled by the transcription factor SPATULA (SPT) in the medial domain. Meanwhile, cytokinin signaling is confined to the medial domain by the cytokinin response repressor ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE 6 (AHP6), and perhaps by ARR16 (a type-A ARR) as well, both present in the lateral domains (presumptive valves) of the developing gynoecia. Moreover, SPT and cytokinin, probably together, promote the expression of the auxin biosynthetic gene TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1 (TAA1) and the gene encoding the auxin efflux transporter PIN-FORMED 3 (PIN3), likely creating auxin drainage important for gynoecium growth. This study provides novel insights in the spatiotemporal determination of the cytokinin signaling pattern and its connection to the auxin pathway in the young gynoecium.
White shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, subadults were exposed to four dilutions of the 96 h cadmium LC50 reported for postlarvae (PL12) of this species, and the effects were evaluated after 5, 48, and ...96 h of exposure. While treatments did not affect survival and hemolymph clotting time increased with time, but not as a response to Cd exposure, the intensity of other responses was related to concentration, to time of exposure, and to their interaction. Hemocyanin decreased with time in all metal concentrations but increased in the control treatment, and an almost similar trend was observed with hemocyte numbers. As an initial response, phenoloxidase activity decreased with all metal concentrations, but it increased later to values similar or higher than the control treatment.
More than 20% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 demonstrate ARDS requiring ICU admission. The long-term respiratory sequelae in such patients remain unclear.
What are the major long-term ...pulmonary sequelae in critical patients who survive COVID-19?
Consecutive patients with COVID-19 requiring ICU admission were recruited and evaluated 3 months after hospitalization discharge. The follow-up comprised symptom and quality of life, anxiety and depression questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, exercise test (6-min walking test 6MWT), and chest CT imaging.
One hundred twenty-five patients admitted to the ICU with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 were recruited between March and June 2020. At the 3-month follow-up, 62 patients were available for pulmonary evaluation. The most frequent symptoms were dyspnea (46.7%) and cough (34.4%). Eighty-two percent of patients showed a lung diffusing capacity of less than 80%. The median distance in the 6MWT was 400 m (interquartile range, 362-440 m). CT scans showed abnormal results in 70.2% of patients, demonstrating reticular lesions in 49.1% and fibrotic patterns in 21.1%. Patients with more severe alterations on chest CT scan showed worse pulmonary function and presented more degrees of desaturation in the 6MWT. Factors associated with the severity of lung damage on chest CT scan were age and length of invasive mechanical ventilation during the ICU stay.
Three months after hospital discharge, pulmonary structural abnormalities and functional impairment are highly prevalent in patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 who required an ICU stay. Pulmonary evaluation should be considered for all critical COVID-19 survivors 3 months after discharge.
Insights for COVID-19 in 2023 Martín Sánchez, F J; Martínez-Sellés, M; Molero García, J M ...
Revista española de quimioterapia,
04/2023, Letnik:
36, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
Predictions for a near end of the pandemic by the World Health Organization should be interpreted with caution. Current evidence indicates that the efficacy of a fourth dose of classical mRNA ...vaccines (BT162b2 or mRNA-1273) is low and short-lived in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection in its predominant variant (Omicron). However, its efficacy is high against severe symptomatic infection, hospitalization and death. The new vaccines being introduced are bivalent and active against the Omicron variants. Potential new vaccines to be introduced in the coming year include a vaccine based on a recombinant protein that emulates the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein under development by the Spanish company Hipra, as well as vaccines for nasal or oral administration. Available information suggests that vaccines against COVID-19 can be administered in association with influenza vaccination without particular complications. New drugs against COVID-19, both antiviral and anti-inflammatory, are under investigation, but this does not seem to be the case with monoclonal antibodies. The indication to use masks in some circumstances will be maintained next year in view of the accumulation of scientific data on their efficacy. Finally, the long COVID or Post-COVID syndrome may continue to affect a very high proportion of patients who have had the disease, requiring combined diagnostic and therapeutic resources.
Introduction
Social vulnerability is a known determinant of health in respiratory diseases. Our aim was to identify whether there are socio-demographic factors among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in ...Spain and their potential impact on health outcomes during the hospitalization.
Methods
A multicentric retrospective case series study based on administrative databases that included all COVID-19 cases admitted in 19 Spanish hospitals from 1 March to 15 April 2020. Socio-demographic data were collected. Outcomes were critical care admission and in-hospital mortality.
Results
We included 10,110 COVID-19 patients admitted to 18 Spanish hospitals (median age 68 (IQR 54–80) years old; 44.5% female; 14.8% were not born in Spain). Among these, 779 (7.7%) cases were admitted to critical care units and 1678 (16.6%) patients died during the hospitalization. Age, male gender, being immigrant, and low hospital saturation were independently associated with being admitted to an intensive care unit. Age, male gender, being immigrant, percentile of average per capita income, and hospital experience were independently associated with in-hospital mortality.
Conclusions
Social determinants such as residence in low-income areas and being born in Latin American countries were associated with increased odds of being admitted to an intensive care unit and of in-hospital mortality. There was considerable variation in outcomes between different Spanish centers.
PDF
