Environmental noise in hospitals: a systematic review de Lima Andrade, Erik; da Cunha e Silva, Darllan Collins; de Lima, Eligelcy Augusta ...
Environmental science and pollution research international,
04/2021, Letnik:
28, Številka:
16
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Environmental noise has been growing in recent years, causing numerous health problems. Highly sensitive environments such as hospitals deserve special attention, since noise can aggravate patients’ ...health issues and impair the performance of healthcare professionals. This work consists of a systematic review of scientific articles describing environmental noise measurements taken in hospitals between the years 2015 and 2020. The researchers started with a consultation of three databases, namely, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. The results indicate that for the most part, these studies are published in journals in the fields of medicine, engineering, environmental sciences, acoustics, and nursing and that most of their authors work in the fields of architecture, engineering, medicine, and nursing. These studies, which are concentrated in Europe, the Americas, and Asia, use as reference values sound levels recommended by the World Health Organization. L
eq
measured in hospital environments showed daytime values ranging from 37 to 88.6 dB (A) and nighttime values of 38.7 to 68.8 dB (A). L
eq
values for outdoor noise were 74.3 and 56.6 dB (A) for daytime and nighttime, respectively. The measurements were taken mainly inside hospitals, prioritizing more sensitive departments such as intensive care units. There is a potential for growth in work carried out in this area, but research should also include discussions about guidelines for improvement measures aimed at reducing noise in hospitals.
Graphical abstract
•Consider the best way for the passage of fauna with the least financial cost.•56.9% of the ecological corridor proposed is in protected areas.•The cost of acquiring private areas to compose the EC ...is favorability.•The cost of acquiring 3.08 km2 of land for EC is approximately $131,610.28.
With the increasing human pressure on ecosystems, it is necessary to use tools to reduce the effects of fragmentation, increasing the gene flow of species, and the resilience of forest fragments and conservation units, and the ecological corridors (EC) have been noteworthy. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the best way to create an ecological corridor using spatial analysis techniques and calculate the purchase cost for its implementation between two important conservation units in the metropolitan region of Sorocaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. For this, information plans (IPs) that reflected on the favorability for the displacement of fauna and the purchase of private properties were used, such as land use and vegetation cover, land use conflict due to slope, light pollution, legally protected areas, and purchase cost of these areas for EC implementation. The IPs were weighted by Analytical Hierarchical Process and the EC was obtained by the least cost path model. The estimated value for acquisition of private properties in the study area for EC implementation was US$175,028.91 (United States dollar). Therefore, the method is an excellent tool for decisionmaking by public authorities and implementation of ecological corridors, since it allows inferring the market value for its implementation considering the favorability of areas for the passage of fauna.
Socioenvironmental indexes are important mechanisms for the communication of information in a summary form. They may also be a sound source on the quality of life of human beings. In this sense, the ...objective of this research is to create a socioenvironmental sustainability index (SSI) applied to river basins that integrate socioenvironmental information from the river basin of the Una River in São Paulo (Brazil) by creating a fuzzy inference system in a geographic information system environment. From the results obtained, only two sub-river basins of the Una River are classified as regular. They are in the urban area to the north of the study area. The other sub-river basins are classified as in poor conditions, that is, with high socioenvironmental vulnerability. They correspond to 81% of the study area. This poor classification is justified by the low income and the high rate of illiteracy in the study area. Both factors presented very poor values. The urban area, compared to the rural area, showed a better socioenvironmental performance. It is partly justified by the access of the population in these areas to education and better work opportunities.
Noise pollution has become a public health problem in several countries worldwide. Noise maps are tools used in many cities, mainly on the European continent. In other regions, they are used in ...smaller areas, and few studies focus on hospital areas, considered noise-sensitive zones. In this context, this study aimed to perform sound measurements and noise maps for the day and night periods in the surroundings of three hospitals in Sorocaba, Brazil. Sound measurements occurred around the three hospitals based on NBR 10151 and ISO 1996 standards. The noise maps were drawn up using a calculation model based on ISO 9613–2. Results showed that the sound measurement points around the hospitals had levels above those recommended by the Brazilian standard for sensitive areas (L
Aeq
50 and 45 dB for day and night, respectively). The acoustic maps showed high sound levels on all faces of the hospital buildings, both during the day and at night. The worst scenario concerned the vicinity of the roads with the highest flow and speed of vehicles. We concluded that three different hospitals in the city have high sound levels in their surroundings above the recommended for sensitive areas.
A utilização de ferramentas de sensoriamento remoto no setor aquícola auxilia no monitoramento e implementação de novas áreas de produção, propiciando um melhor crescimento e conforto dos organismos ...aquáticos obtidos. Por essa razão, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar dados de temperatura superficial da água, Nitrogênio Total (NT), Índice de Estado Trófico (IET) e Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO) a partir do processamento de imagens do Satélite Landsat 8 para identificar como regiões do reservatório de Promissão (SP) propícias à instalação de empreendimentos de tilapicultura em tanques-rede. Para isso, foram analisadas como imagens correspondentes da estação seca e chuvosa dos anos de 2014 a 2019 com o auxílio de um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG).Os resultados indicaram atualizações propícias para a produção nos braços próximos da barragem, com baixos valores NT e DBO; entretanto, o IET apresentam um potencial hipereutrófico em ambas as estações. Conclui-se que o maior potencial de implementação de áreas aquícolas no reservatório se encontra nos braços próximos à barragem, onde uma amplitude térmica é mais estável e os indicadores de eutrofização e qualidade da água possuem níveis mais adequados.
É crescente a preocupação com o aumento da temperatura que vem ocasionando diversos impactos à fauna e flora, neste sentindo, dados de sensoriamento remoto (SR) tem sido amplamente utilizados para a ...aquisição de informações sobre a temperatura da superfície terrestre. Portanto, o estudo objetivou correlacionar os dados de temperatura de uma estação automática da Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (Cetesb), localizada no município de Sorocaba com os dados obtidos remotamente por meio do processamento digital de imagens do satélite Landsat-8 OLI entre os anos de 2013 a 2017. Para o processamento das imagens foi utilizado o software ArcGIS 10.4.1, utilizando os parâmetros fixos de conversão de níveis de cinza da imagem para radiância e posterior conversão dos dados em valores de temperatura. Para verificar a variação dos dados obtidos por SR comparados a estação de monitoramento, foi verificada a Raiz do Erro Quadrático Médio (REQM), coeficiente de correlação Pearson (r) e o índice de concordância (IC). Os valores obtidos de REQM indicam uma variação média de temperatura de 2,74 ºC, corroborando com os valores de r² igual a 0,664 que indicam que 66,4 % dos valores obtidos para a temperatura remotamente são diretamente relacionados aos valores obtidos na estação de monitoramento da Cetesb, apresentando valores de IC com concordância positiva de 0,88. Portanto, os resultados encontrados se mostraram satisfatórios para uma melhor aquisição de valores de temperatura obtidos remotamente indicando boa correlação com os dados obtidos pela estação de monitoramento da Cetesb.
O ruído é um problema que afeta hospitais a nível mundial, isso pode provocar efeitos negativos para pacientes e funcionários. Embora as Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) sejam mais sensíveis e ...tenham sido amplamente estudadas, poucos trabalhos se aprofundaram em dados fundamentais, como a análise do espectro de frequência. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o conforto acústico dentro da UTI de um hospital público no município de Sorocaba-Sp. Foram realizadas medições sonoras em triplicata, durante 15 minutos cada, em diferentes dias da semana e nos períodos diurno e noturno. Utilizaram-se os descritores acústicos LAeq, LAmin e LAmax em dB, e o espectro de frequência foi analisado com filtro de 1/3 de oitava. Os resultados mostraram que os níveis sonoros médios, tanto durante o dia quanto a noite, estavam acima do nível recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e pela NBR 10152, esses foram superiores a 50 e 80 dB na curva de ponderação A, pois é a que mais se adequa a faixa auditiva humana. Em relação ao espectro de frequência, constatou-se que a faixa entre 500 a 1000 Hz tem maior influência nos níveis sonoros dentro da UTI. Esses resultados podem ser objeto para auxiliar na tomada de decisão dos gestores quanto à implantação de programas e protocolos para redução de ruído em UTIs.
This study evaluates the noise generated by metallic cabinets of telecommunications transmission stations, before and after the implementation of a sound attenuator. The first step consisted of ...installing the attenuating system, which consisted of a glass wool plate on top of a metal cabinet. Then, we compared the results with a cabinet without the installation of the system. The speeds of the cooling system of the cabinets were the average and maximum. Noise measurements followed the guidelines of NBR 10151, and the acoustic descriptor used was the mean equivalent level (Leq). After verifying the effectiveness of the installation of the system in sound attenuation, several cabinets were adapted in installations located in two cities in southern Brazil. One installation was located in a residential area, with houses on its surroundings, and the other on top of a residential building. The study showed that the attenuating system was effective in reducing the noise generated by the cabinets, both at average and at maximum speed, in both locations. Although the final sound levels did not reach those recommended by the national standard NBR 10151, of acoustic comfort for communities, residents close to the facilities reported an improvement in the local acoustic environment.
Environmental noise is a public health problem that arises mainly from vehicular traffic. In noise-sensitive areas, such as hospitals, the harm is even greater, as noise affects the recovery of ...patients and causes stress and disturbance to employees. Noise control measures are usually restricted to simulations and mathematical modeling. Given this context, the present study assesses environmental noise around a public hospital in Sorocaba city, São Paulo State, Brazil, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, benefiting from measures to restrict the circulation of vehicles and people. Measurements were performed in triplicate, on weekdays, at four points around the hospital during the day, and followed the guidelines of standard NBR 10.151/2019. The number of light and heavy vehicles was counted manually. The equipment used was the BK 2260 analyzer and a tripod with adjustable height. The circulation of light and heavy vehicles decreased significantly during the pandemic. However, this decrease was not enough for sound levels to meet the 50 dB(A) recommended for noise-sensitive areas. This fact can be due to the speed of the remaining vehicles being above the established for the surrounding streets. Vehicles are the main responsible for the high levels of noise in the area, overlapping the levels generated by the different activities in the study site.
PDF
