The Neotropical species of the predominantly north temperate genus Aphalara are reviewed. Four species are recorded here from this region, two of which are described as new. Aphalara ritteri sp. nov. ...occurs in southern Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina) and represents the first and only species reported from South America. A second new species, Aphalara ortegae sp. nov. , is described from Mexico and Puerto Rico. Another two species, Aphalara persicaria Caldwell, 1937 and A. simila Caldwell, 1937, have been previously reported from Mexico and the USA, and one of them also from Cuba. The two new species are both associated with Persicaria hydropiperoides and P. punctata (Polygonaceae) on which the immatures induce leaf roll galls. The two new species are morphologically similar to A. persicaria , to which they are probably closely related. A key is provided for the adults and immatures of the Neotropical species of Aphalara .
Eucalyptus
spp. (Myrtaceae) is economically important worldwide and is native from Australia.
Glycaspis brimblecombei
(Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is an insect that causes damages in eucalyptus ...plantations. Field observations show that highly infested plants (susceptible), less infested plants (less susceptible), and non-infested plants (resistant) can coexist at the same eucalyptus cultivation area. The aim of this study was to compare the preferences of
Glycaspis brimblecombei
with
Eucalyptus
spp
.
essential oil composition, evaluating the thermal behavior and searching for repellent compounds using chromatography. Simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TGA–DTA) results suggest that the less volatile essential oils were obtained from more resistant eucalyptus, with total mass loss temperature between 168 and 176 ºC. This behavior is due to the ratio between monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in essential oils. Furthermore, D-limonene, caryophyllene, geranyl acetate, and other compounds may be correlated to the resistance against the insect. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) showed that susceptible samples had the highest concentrations of eucalyptol (77.0% and 49.8%) and lower concentration (3 and 9%) and variability of sesquiterpenes (7 and 10 compounds); additionally, they did not present β-guaiene, calamenene, α-copaene, α-terpinyl acetate, 1,4-cadinadiene, D-limonene, and caryophyllene in their essential oil composition. The eucalyptus resistance against
Glycaspis brimblecombei
is related to concentration and variability of sesquiterpenes, as well as the presence of specific compounds.
Distributional records in Brazil are provided for two psyllid species, Auchmerina limbatipennis Enderlein, documented for the states of Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo, and A. ...tuthilli Klimaszewski, for Paraná and Santa Catarina. Host plants for these species are reported for the first time. A. limbatipennis develops on Inga laurina and I. marginata (Fabaceae), and it displays a dimorphism (presence or absence of a distal dark band on the forewing), that is not sexual nor seasonal. A.tuthilli probably develops on Inga spp. As well. For the first time, the immatures of Auchmerina are described.
Abstract Psyllids or jumping plant-lice are small phloem-feeding insects characterised by narrow host ranges, i.e., the plants on which they develop. This work shows the results of a survey of the ...superfamily Psylloidea in different biomes of Mato Grosso state. In total, 29 described genera and 24 described species are listed. The Cerrado biome showed the highest diversity, followed by the Amazon and Pantanal. Compared with a checklist published for Brazil in 2012, the present paper increases significantly the knowledge on the biodiversity of the state of Mato Grosso. In addition to the species recorded here for the first time from Mato Grosso (Diaphorina citri, Heteropsylla caldwelli, Pseudophacopteron longicaudatum, Tainarys myracrodrui and Trioza struthanthi), we provide also new records for other Brazilian states: Isogonoceraia divergipennis - from Maranhão, Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina; Heteropsylla caldwelli - from Goiás and São Paulo; Euphalerus clitoriae - from Ceará, Goiás, Pará, Paraná and Santa Catarina; Trioza tabebuiae - from Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Santa Catarina; and Trioza struthanthi from São Paulo.
Blastopsylla occidentalis Taylor,1985 (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) é um psilídeo que tem como hospedeiro o eucalipto, originário da Austrália, foi introduzido no Brasil em meados da década de 1990. ...Devido à escassez de informações a respeito da biologia desse inseto, este trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer o efeito da temperatura no desenvolvimento e reprodução do psilídeo sob condições de laboratório. O experimento foi realizado entre 2018 e 2019, em câmaras climatizadas reguladas em cinco temperaturas (15, 20, 25, 30 e 35°C). Os parâmetros observados nessa etapa do experimento foram: período de desenvolvimento dos ovos (número de dias, da postura até a eclosão); taxa de eclosão de imaturos; desenvolvimento de imaturos; taxa de emergência de adultos; longevidade, o período (em dia) de postura até a morte dos adultos da primeira geração (F1). Como resultado obteve-se o ciclo completo nas temperaturas 20, 25 e 30oC, com duração média de 32,78, 27,76 e 28,44 dias, respectivamente. Para a geração F1, não foram observadas postura na temperatura 30ºC, enquanto em 20 e 25ºC, a fecundidade média das fêmeas foi de 19,04 e 26,40, respectivamente. A duração média do período de incubação de ovos foi de 6,70 (20ºC) e 5,59 dias (25ºC). Portanto, infere-se que as temperaturas 15 e 35ºC são limitantes para o desenvolvimento do inseto, pois, durante o estudo, os imaturos de Blastopsylla occidentalis não completaram o ciclo de desenvolvimento. A faixa de temperatura ótima para o desenvolvimento e reprodução foi entre 20 e 25ºC, sendo que em 25ºC foi a temperatura em que o inseto apresentou menor mortalidade em todas as fases, menor tempo de desenvolvimento e maior número médio de ovos/dias. Espera-se que esses resultados sirvam para conduzir estudos para a aplicação de técnicas de manejo para eventual controle da espécie.
Brazilian peppertree, Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardaceae), native to Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay, is one of the most invasive weeds in Florida. In its native range, at least 4 ...psyllid species of the genus Calophya (Hemiptera: Calophyidae) are associated with it. All 4 species are monophagous and constitute a likely monophyletic group that induce pit galls, usually on the upper leaf surface. Here we revise the taxonomy of these species, 2 of which are described as new, viz. C. lutea sp. nov. and C. praestigiator sp. nov. Morphological differences between the 4 species are detailed and relevant structures are figured. Keys for adults and the fifth instars are provided for the identification of the 8 species known to induce pit galls on Schinus species.
Cydianerus latruncularius Perty (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were observed associated with trumpet trees (Handroanthus spp.) in Brasília, Brazil, in 2019. To contribute with information about their ...habits and damage, 15 trees (Handroanthus impetiginosus = 7, H. roseoalbus = 4, and Tabebuia rosea = 4) were evaluated and 31 individuals of C. latruncularius were captured, often found within or close to leaf rolls caused by the psyllid Trioza tabebuiae Burckhardt & Santana (Hemiptera: Triozidae). The damage caused by C. latruncularius consists of irregular injuries at the leaves’ edges. This is the first report of this beetle occurring on trumpet trees.
Heteropsylla caldwelli Burckhardt (Psyllidae, Ciriacreminae) is reported for the first time from Brazil (States of Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul) from Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) ...Morong. The earpod tree, from Albizia edwallii (Hoehne) Barneby and J.W. Grimes and Senegalia polyphylla (DC.) Britton (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae), all previously unknown hosts. The population dynamics of the psyllid were investigated in a seven-year-old plantation of E. contortisiliquum in an abandoned open-pit coal mine in Candiota, Rio Grande do Sul during two years. The population showed peaks in spring and summer, correlating directly with the mean air temperature and the population size of microhymenoptera.
Introduced Eucalyptus psyllids in Brazil de Queiroz Santana, Dalva Luiz; Burckhardt, Daniel
Journal of forest research,
10/2007, Letnik:
12, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
In the last 10 years, four species of psyllid were detected in Brazil on eucalypts: Ctenarytaina spatulata in 1994, Blastopsylla occidentalis in 1997, Ctenarytaina eucalypti in 1998 and Glycaspis ...brimblecombei in 2003. The latter two are serious pests in several countries. In Brazil, G. brimblecombei caused significant damage to the eucalypt plantations in the first years of its introduction. Now this pest is under control due to the programmes of integrated pest management, where the parasitoid is the principal control agent. The four eucalypt psyllid species introduced into Brazil are presented with information on distribution, hosts, biology and control.
A new species of Mononychellus is described and figured, from the leaves of Cedrela fissilis (Meliaceae), from Southern Brazil. A key to the world species of Mononychellus is given.
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