Quinazolinones, an important class of fused heterocyclic alkaloids has attracted high attention in organic and medicinal chemistry due to their significant and wide range of biological activities. ...There are approximately 150 naturally occurring quinazolinone alkaloids known till 2005. Several new quinazolinone alkaloids (∼55) have been isolated in the last decade. Natural quinazolinones with exotic structural features and remarkable biological activities have incited a lot of activities in the synthetic community towards the development of new synthetic strategies and approaches for the total synthesis of quinazolinone alkaloids. This review is focused on these advances in the chemistry of quinazolinone alkaloids in the last decade. This article covers the newly isolated quinazolinone natural products with their biological activities and the recently reported total syntheses of quinazolinone alkaloids from 2006 to 2015.
•Penetrating canaloplasty is a remedy to control IOP in ICE eyes.
To report the efficacy of a bleb-independent penetrating canaloplasty in the management of glaucoma secondary to iridocorneal ...endothelial syndrome (GS-ICE).
Prospective, non-comparative clinical study.
Penetrating canaloplasty was performed on 35 eyes from 35 patients with GS-ICE and medically uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) between January 2018 and April 2020. Patients were followed up at 1 week, months 1, 3, 6, 12 postoperatively, and semi-annually thereafter. The IOP, anti-glaucoma medication, and surgery-related complications were recorded. Surgical success was defined as IOP ≥ 5 mmHg and ≤ 21 mmHg without (complete success) or with/without (qualified success) IOP-lowering medication.
A total of 29 eyes (82.9%) had 360° catheterization and successfully received penetrating canaloplasty. Of these eyes, 24 (82.8%) achieved qualified success and 22 (75.9%) achieved qualified success at 12 months after surgery. The mean IOP decreased from 39.5 ± 11.8 mmHg on 2.9 ± 1.0 medications before surgery to 16.6 ± 5.3 mmHg (P < .001) on 0.2 ± 0.6 medications (P < .001) at 12 months postoperatively, respectively. Hyphema (37.9%), transient hypotony (34.5%), and transient postoperative IOP elevation (≥ 30 mmHg, 17.9%) were the most commonly observed early complications at the 1 week and 1 month visits. From 1 month and beyond, all treated eyes showed no obvious bleb at the operation quadrant.
Penetrating canaloplasty rescued the inner aqueous outflow in ICE eyes and demonstrated acceptable success in IOP control with few complications, providing a new option for the management of GS-ICE.
The research aimed to scientifically prove that parboiled Sri Lankan traditional rice elicits lower glycaemic responses comparative to raw unpolished or polished rice. Thus the proximate composition ...and glycaemic indices (GI) of raw, raw polished, and parboiled traditional Sri Lankan rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties Godaheenati, Batapola el, Dik wee, Dahanala, Unakola samba, and Hangimuththan were studied as comparative data are not available. Cooked parboiled rice contained significantly high moisture (P<0.05) than raw or raw polished. Mineral content was low (<1.5%) regardless of processing. Crude protein was comparatively high (5.8-11.0% DM) with 2.1-5% (DM) fat with raw unpolished and parboiled having higher contents. Digestible starch of raw polished was highest compared to parboiled or raw unpolished (68.8-90.5% DM). Resistant starch was significantly (P<0.05) high in parboiled rice (1.1-7.2%) with the least total dietary fibre in raw polished rice. All varieties of parboiled and raw polished were found to elicit low GI and high GI respectively. High moisture, high resistant starch, and low starch in cooked parboiled rice contributed to low GI compared to raw unpolished or raw polished rice.
For the solid-on-solid model with spin values from the set of all integers on a Cayley tree we give gradient Gibbs measures (GGMs). Such a measure corresponds to a boundary law (which is an ...infinite-dimensional vector-valued function defined on vertices of the Cayley tree) satisfying an infinite system of functional equations. We give several concrete GGMs of boundary laws which are independent from vertices of the Cayley tree and (as an infinite-dimensional vector) have periodic, (non-)mirror-symmetric coordinates. Namely, the particular class of height-periodic boundary laws of period
q
≤
5
is studied, where solutions are classified by their period and (two-)mirror-symmetry.
This article addresses the effects of drilling parameters on the machinability parameters in drilling polymeric composite materials. Drilling parameters include: feed, speed, drill wear, drill ...geometry, drilling with special tools, and composite materials parameters. The machinability parameters include: thrust force, torque, residual strength, surface roughness, and mechanical and thermal damages of the composite materials. Delamination associated with drilling processes can often be the limiting factor for composite materials in structural applications. It results in reducing the structural strength, poor assembly tolerance and, hence, it has the potential for long-term performance deterioration. Therefore, special interest will be given for reporting factors affecting the delamination onset, delamination mechanisms, measurements, assessments, and delamination-free techniques in drilling fiber-reinforced composites.
Abstract
Changes in precipitation seasonality or the distribution of precipitation have important impacts on hydrological extremes (e.g., floods or droughts). Precipitation extremes have been widely ...reported to increase with global warming; however, the variability and mechanism of precipitation seasonality have not been well quantified in China. Here, we explore the multiscale variability in precipitation seasonality from 1960 to 2018 in China. A seasonality index of precipitation is defined to quantify the precipitation seasonality with a lower value indicating a more even distribution throughout a year. The seasonality index increases from southeastern to northwestern China, with a decrease in the annual mean precipitation, a later timing of the wet season, and a shorter wet season duration. The seasonality index decreases from 1960 to 2018 in China, accompanied by the increasing duration of wet season, especially in northern climate-sensitive basins, such as the Northwest River, Hai River, and Songliao River basins. In the Northwest River basin, for example, the observed significant decrease in the seasonality index (~0.02 decade
−1
) from 1960 to 2018 is consistent with a significant decrease in the ratio of annual maximum 10-day precipitation to annual precipitation, which is confirmed by their significant positive correlation (
R
= 0.72;
p
= 0). El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dominates interannual fluctuations and spatial patterns of precipitation seasonality in China. In El Niño years, the precipitation seasonality index decreases across China except for the Yangtze River basin, with broad increases in annual precipitation.
The asymptotic theory for the sample autocorrelations and extremes of a GARCH(1, 1) process is provided. Special attention is given to the case when the sum of the ARCH and GARCH parameters is close ...to 1, that is, when one is close to an infinite variance marginal distribution. This situation has been observed for various financial log-return series and led to the introduction of the IGARCH model. In such a situation, the sample auto-correlations are unreliable estimators of their deterministic counterparts for the time series and its absolute values, and the sample autocorrelations of the squared time series have nondegenerate limit distributions. We discuss the consequences for a foreign exchange rate series.
•Conceptualise mutual fund management process as a two-stage production process.•Consider corporate policy on ethical issues as medium- to long-term commitment.•Model ethical level as a ...nondiscretionary first-stage output.•Express overall efficiency as weighted harmonic average of stage level efficiencies.•Develop an output-oriented variable returns to scale DEA model.
The aim of this study is to assess mutual fund (MF) performance in a multi-dimensional framework with ethical level as one of its performance measures. MF overall management process is conceptualised as a serially linked two-stage process with operational management and portfolio management as the first and second stage processes. Recognising that corporate policy on ethical issues may reflect medium- to long-term commitment and may guide MF portfolio construction, ethical level is modelled as a non-discretionary output at the operational management stage. Under this performance appraisal framework, network data envelopment analysis (DEA) output-oriented models are formulated to compute overall and stage-level performance. A DEA model to determine frontier projection of inefficient MFs is also developed. Application of the proposed DEA models is demonstrated using a sample of large U.S. equity MFs as a case study.
.
The main object of the present paper is to examine and compare the improvement of flow and heat transfer characteristics between a rotating nanofluid and a newly discovered hybrid nanofluid in the ...presence of velocity slip and thermal slip. The influence of thermal radiation is also included in the present study. The system after applying the similarity transformations is solved numerically by using the bvp-4c scheme. Additionally, numerical calculations for the coefficient of skin friction and local Nusselt number are introduced and perused for germane parameters. The comparison between water, nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid on velocity and temperature is also visualized. It is observed that the velocity and temperature distributions are decreasing functions of the slip parameter. Temperature is boosted by thermal radiation and rotation. It is found that the heat transfer rate of the hybrid nanofluid is higher as compared to the traditional nanofluid.
Graphical abstract
This article presents an overview of global migration and the unique issues facing immigrants, host countries, and practitioners, identifying considerations for practice.
Perceptions of the effects ...of human migration are major drivers of country attitudes, policies, and programs. Increasingly complex global interconnectedness has altered relationships among sending, receiving, and transit countries. The Global North, with its aging and declining populations, requires a healthy and young workforce; the Global South, with limited resources, a high birthrate, and an overall youthful population, can fill the gaps of the former, but with several implications for receiving and sending nations.
This article reviews literature and data on current migration worldwide, with particular emphasis on immigration. Despite the complexities of human migration and extant theories that dissect the phenomenon, the fundamental elements of Lee's early push-and-pull theory of migration continue to hold true. Generally, people are drawn to improved opportunities or leave challenging environments, whether temporarily or permanently. Two salient dimensions undergird the study of migration: (1) migration trends—who migrates and why, and the size and direction of migration flows; and (2) the impact of migration—how migration changes receiving, transit, and sending countries. Receiving/transit nations are particularly apprehensive about whether immigrants fill their needs and how they impact resources. They speculate about immigrant preparedness for the workforce, ability to integrate into the society, and consequences for the racial/phenotypic profile of the nation. Immigrants also experience these worries.
Ethnicity, which is associated with common ancestry and culture, including language, religion, traditions, and behavioral norms, often contributes to, and challenges, a receiving nation's world view. This can have implications for several segments of its society, including the health profession, which could find that in the delivery of services it must grapple with the complex relationship between migrant, health, and health services utilization.
•Migration trends.•Definitions.•Impact of migration.•Integration and perceptions of migrants.
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