Our objectives were to determine the effect of post rigor calcium chloride injection or freezing on 1) sarcoplasmic calcium concentration and calpain-2 activity of beef longissimus lumborum (LL) and ...semimembranosus (SM) steaks aged 1, 4, and 14days post-treatment and on 2) Warner-Bratzler shear force, water holding capacity, and consumer acceptability of LL and SM steaks aged 4 and 14days post-treatment. Free calcium levels in the calcium, frozen, and control steaks averaged 1256, 127, and 121μM for the LL and 1520, 120, and 111μM for the SM, respectively. Measurable LL native calpain-2 activity was lower in calcium and frozen steaks than control steaks (P<0.01), while SM native calpain-2 activity was lowest in calcium steaks and intermediate in frozen steaks (P<0.01). LL calcium steaks were more tender (P=0.04) than control steaks. In conclusion, calcium chloride injection and freezing activate calpain-2 earlier postmortem in both muscles and calcium injection improves LL tenderness.
Background:
The visual analog scale (VAS) is considered a reliable and validated measure of patient-reported acute pain. Patient-reported outcome measures are becoming the standard of care throughout ...the orthopedic community, but interpretation and clinical applications are still under investigation. The aim of the current study was to compare preoperative patient-reported VAS scores reported at the same visit to nursing staff and the treating surgeon. Our hypothesis was that there would be no difference in the scores reported.
Methods:
This study is a retrospective cohort of 201 consecutive foot and ankle patients treated by a single surgeon. The patients were asked to rate their pain intensity by the nursing staff and then by the surgeon using a standard horizontal VAS 0 to 10, from “no pain” to the “worst pain.” Differences in reported pain values were analyzed.
Results:
The results demonstrate that patients reported higher pain scores to the surgeon in 81% of the encounters, nursing staff 8%, and equal 11%. On average, the VAS score reported to the surgeon was significantly (P < .05) higher than that reported to the nursing staff.
Conclusion:
The current study found a statistically significant higher patient-reported pain score to the treating surgeon compared to the nursing staff. While the exact cause is unclear, the discrepant pain scores call into question the validity of the VAS, considered a fifth vital sign and standard outcome measure in an outpatient clinic setting.
Level of Evidence:
Level III, comparative study.
In this paper we seek to uncover and analyse unitarist ideology within the field of HRM, with particular emphasis on the manner in which what we call 'new unitarism' is ideologically performative in ...HRM scholarship. Originally conceived of as a way of understanding employer ideology with regard to the employment relationship, unitarist frames of reference conceive a workplace that is characterised by shared interests and a single source of authority. This frame has continuously evolved and persistently formed thinking about HRM; however, this influence has been largely covert and unexamined. Using an epistemic analysis informed by theories of knowledge, we examine new unitarism against three types of validity claims—descriptive, normative, and instrumental—in order to understand how it has been ideologically constitutive of HRM scholarship. We consider the implications of this analysis for HRM research and practice &nd contend that an alternative frame, namely 'new pluralism', has potential to offer a more valid account of the employment relationship, to provide a framework for assessing how power affects the pursuit of employee interests, and to allow space for taking up deeply ethical questions related to employment.
The construct of pluralism has allowed us to see a world where parties could pursue divergent interests, sometimes to the point of conflict, and still work together to realise goals. In response to ...changing models of employment that are threatening many of the values and interests core to workers and society, new readings of pluralism have emerged that we will argue oscillate between antagonism and consensus. In response, we proffer the concepts of agonism and dissensus as bridging different schools of pluralist thought. Our article commences with a review of affordances and limitations of new pluralism. We then introduce the political philosophy of Chantal Mouffe – in particular her conceptualisations of agonism and dissensus – and discuss how these have been employed in consideration of the employment relationship. Next we describe a case salient to our argument, the ready-made garment industry’s stakeholder engagement responses to the Rana Plaza tragedy in Bangladesh, into which we bring an understanding of agonism with the possibilities of dissensual engagement. We conclude with our contribution, the development of a nuanced view of pluralism based on dissensus and agonism, which better accounts for the co-existence of cooperation and conflict.
ABSTRACT
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to identify the location of the peroneal tendons in relationship to the fibular groove in an asymptomatic population of elite U.S. Military Service ...members.
Materials and Methods
The peroneal tendons of 41 active duty U.S. Army Rangers were examined. Subjects were placed in a lateral recumbent position with the ankle in a resting neutral position to visualize the tendon in a retromalleolar short-axis view. Maximum active ankle eversion followed by gravity inversion was facilitated while the ultrasound probe was maintained in its original position. Distance from the fibrous lateral ridge of the retromalleolar groove to the anterior aspect of the peroneal brevis was measured in the short axis in neutral, eversion, and inversion.
Results
The mean sagittal distance and standard deviation was 0.48 ± 0.9 mm. No subjects demonstrated greater than 1 mm difference between positions, and no dislocations were identified. Side-to-side difference and dominant vs nondominant differences were not statistically significant.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates that the distance between the peroneal brevis and the lateral fibular ridge is consistent throughout extremes of motion. These results further the understanding of peroneal tendon function under dynamic examination. Our findings also establish side-to-side consistency prompting a bilateral examination to help identify abnormal pathology.
The Genesis of Employment Ethics Van Buren, Harry J.; Greenwood, Michelle
Journal of business ethics,
11/2013, Letnik:
117, Številka:
4
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Given the growing interest in religion and spirituality in the community and workplace, we consider what light one of the oldest sources of human ethics, the Torah, can throw on the vexing issues of ...contemporary employment ethics and social sustainability. We specifically consider the Torah because it is the primary document of Judaism, the source of all the basic Biblical commandments, and a framework of ethics. A distinctive feature of Jewish ethics is its interpretive approach to moral philosophy: that is, immersion and sense making in a dense, lived-in, complicated moral world, which is particularly useful with regard to ethical analyses of the workplace. Rather than discover or create a new ethic for the employer-employee relationship, we seek to harness general principles and norms from the Torah to contemporary business conditions. In the spirit of sustainability, rather than plunder the new, we recreate from existing resources. Interpretations from the Torah provide a rich source of moral and practical guidance for contemporary business ethics while also responding to academic and popular interest in spirituality and business. These tenets, however, have not to date been specifically directed at current predicaments in employment. We redress this by deriving principles from the Torah and applying them to ethical issues in contemporary employment practices. Practical guidance for both research in and practice of employment ethics is also provided.
The popular view of shareholder activism focuses on shareholder resolutions and the shareholder vote via proxy statements at the annual meeting, which is treated as a "David vs. Goliath" showdown ...between the small group of socially responsible investors and the powerful corporation. This article goes beyond the popular view to examine where the real action typically occurs-in the Dialogue process where corporations and shareholder activist groups mutually agree to ongoing communications to deal with a serious social issue. Use of the capitalized word "Dialogue" is intended to distinguish this formal process between corporations and shareholders from all the other forms of dialogue or twoway communication exchanged between a corporation and its stakeholders. The phenomenon of Dialogue between a corporation and dissident shareholders has not been analyzed in the academic literature or in the popular press because it occurs behind the scenes and out of sight from media scrutiny. Yet this is where a great deal of social change initiated by shareholder activists is negotiated. This article contributes both theoretically and empirically to the study of Dialogues between shareholder activists and corporations. We explain how Dialogues occur in the context of the shareholder resolution process and examine two Dialogues that focus on international labor issues in two industries. Then data on Dialogues during the period, 1999-2005, from the Interfaith Center on Corporate Responsibility are analyzed. This research contributes to knowledge about the Dialogue process and the emerging literature on corporation-stakeholder engagement.
Summary
Background
The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial documented that metformin plus rosiglitazone, but not metformin plus lifestyle ...intervention, provided superior durability of glycemic control relative to metformin monotherapy.
Objectives
We examined weight changes among TODAY participants that completed at least 6 months of treatment, evaluated predictors of lifestyle outcome, and examined whether weight changes were related to cardiometabolic outcomes across treatment arms.
Methods
The 595 youth with type 2 diabetes, (85.1% of randomized participants aged 11–17 years) completed assessments of weight‐related and cardiometabolic measures at months 0, 6, 12 and 24. Repeated measures models were used to investigate associations over time.
Results
Lifestyle intervention did not enhance outcome relative to metformin alone and no predictors of response to lifestyle treatment were identified. However, changes in percent overweight across treatment arms were associated with changes in multiple cardiometabolic risk factors, and decreases of ≥ 7% in overweight were associated with significant benefits over 24 months.
Conclusions
Although adjunctive intensive lifestyle intervention did not improve weight‐related outcomes, weight changes in the full TODAY sample were associated with small, but significant improvements in cardiometabolic status, highlighting the importance of optimizing weight management in youth with T2DM.
The COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated underlying and pre‐existing social, political, and economic conditions that make their negative effects both more likely and more negative, particularly for ...workers in global value chains (GVCs). In our conceptual and normative paper, we encourage a rethinking of GVCs and associated strategies of lead firms by integrating justice‐related concerns. We argue that the failure to provide just outcomes for GVC workers is due to the existence of persistent structural injustices within GVCs. We seek to address this fundamental question: if the problems of GVCs and employment are due to structural injustices, how can they be addressed and ameliorated? We offer operational principles for firms in this regard, using Iris Marion Young's concept of structural injustice to frame our analysis: (1) adopting shared constraint through inter‐firm cooperation and collective action, (2) minimum, shared standards for GVC worker treatment, (3) worker participation in GVC governance, (4) focusing on creating genuinely shared value rather than on value extraction from GVC workers, and (5) focusing on worker outcomes instead of processes. Our contribution lies in (1) outlining a relational approach to help lead firms to rethink their fundamental assumptions, strategies, and underlying conditions of GVCs and (2) expanding Young's analysis of structural injustice to GVCs more broadly.
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