Science and creative spirit Deutsch, Karl Wolfgang; Priestley, F. E. L; Brown, Harcourt ...
Science and creative spirit,
1958, 1958, 1958-01-01, 1958-12-15
eBook
In the world of today, men on both sides of the science-humanities barrier feel an urgent need for mutual understanding. This symposium sponsored by the American Council of Learned Societies, ...stressed that it is only in a spirit of disinterested yet sincere evaluation that science and humanism can escape disastrous consequences in the future. Karl W. Deutsch (M.I.T.) deals with the general area of interplay between the sciences and the non-scientific aspects of our culture. F.E.L. Priestley (University of Toronto) discusses the impact of science on English literature. David Hawkins (University of Colorado) surveys the anthropological background of science. Harcourt Brown (Brown University) gives an account of the influence of the scientific outlook in French literary culture, and contributes an introduction explaining how the book came to be written.
Men on both sides of the science-humanities barrier feel an urgent need for mutual understanding. This symposium sponsored by the American Council of Learned Societies, stressed that it is only in a ...spirit of disinterested yet sincere evaluation that science and humanism can escape disastrous consequences in the future.
Lovers of letters and of life have looked upon the world but have found it hard to understand; scientists have tried to understand the universe, but have split it into fragments; how are these two ...viewpoints related to each other?
What is the center of our attention when we are engaged in scientific work, and what is the chief object of our attention when we are looking upon life from the viewpoint of the humanities? Before we can try to answer this question, it may be useful to indicate the meaning which will be given to the words “science” or
Qualitative models may help us to recognize similarities among patterns in society and politics. Quantitative models, usually in mathematical form, help us to recognize general trends and directions ...of change. The conditions for this construction of large-scale world models developed between 1960 and 1975. Thus far, about three dozen world models have been built. By way of illustration, one of the most recently finished models, GLOBUS, developed at the Science Center in Berlin, is discussed to show how it could be further developed in order to enhance our understanding of the complexity of global processes and their dynamics. /// Les modèles qualitatifs saisissent dans leurs grandes lignes les différences et les similarités des systèmes politiques. Les modèles quantitatifs,s typiquement sous forme mathématique, nous aident à identifier des tendances générales et des changements de direction. Entre 1960 et 1975 l'état des données qualitatives et quantitatives rendit possible l'établissement de modèles prédictifs complexes à l'échelle mondiale. On en a, jusqu' à présent, mis en oeuvre une trentaine environ. L'un des plus récents, le modèle GLOBUS, mis au point au Centre des sciences de Berlin, est pris comme exemple afin de montrer comment il pourrait être affiné en vue d'améliorer notre compréhension de la complexité des processus et de la dynamique des facteurs opérant à l'échelle mondiale.
Men on both sides of the science-humanities barrier feel an urgent need for mutual understanding. This symposium sponsored by the American Council of Learned Societies, stressed that it is only in a ...spirit of disinterested yet sincere evaluation that science and humanism can escape disastrous consequences in the future.
A typology of states classified as either enforcement or service states leads to further distinctions among regulation, laissez-faire, planning, welfare, revolutionary and adaptive states. The ...typology provides a base for speculations about the long term future of the State. /// La fonction dominante de l'Etat, à un moment donné de son évolution, amène à distinguer l'Etat-sanction de l'Etat-fournisseur et plus précisément l'Etat-régulateur, l'Etat-laissez-faire, l'Etat-planificateur, l'Etat'-bien-être (welfare), l'Etat-révolutionnaire, et l'Etat-adaptatif. Cette typologie mène à prédire l'évolution de l'Etat à très long terme.
An examination of the problems posed to freedom by the severe incompatibility of human groups that live in close contact and have a high level of mutual interdependence; and an examination of some ...techniques -- temporary separation in particular -- by which these problems can be, if not resolved, at least rendered manageable. /// Les groupes humains qui, bien qu'incompatibles, ont des rapports fréquents et des contacts étroits posent à la liberté des individus des problèmes particulièrement difficiles. La séparation spatiale temporaire est au nombre des solutions qui permettent, sinon de résoudre, du moins de contenir les tensions qui résultent de tels rapports.
Social mobilization is a name given to an overall process of change, which happens to substantial parts of the population in countries which are moving from traditional to modern ways of life. It ...denotes a concept which brackets together a number of more specific processes of change, such as changes of residence, of occupation, of social setting, of face-to-face associates, of institutions, roles, and ways of acting, of experiences and expectations, and finally of personal memories, habits and needs, including the need for new patterns of group affiliation and new images of personal identity. Singly, and even more in their cumulative impact, these changes tend to influence and sometimes to transform political behavior. The concept of social mobilization is not merely a short way of referring to the collection of changes just listed, including any extensions of this list. It implies that these processes tend to go together in certain historical situations and stages of economic development; that these situations are identifiable and recurrent, in their essentials, from one country to another; and that they are relevant for politics. Each of these points will be taken up in the course of this paper. Social mobilization, let us repeat, is something that happens to large numbers of people in areas which undergo modernization, i.e., where advanced, non-traditional practices in culture, technology and economic life are introduced and accepted on a considerable scale. It is not identical, therefore, with this process of modernization as a whole, but it deals with one of its major aspects, or better, with a recurrent cluster among its consequences.
