Precision viticulture systems are essential for enhancing traditional intensive viticulture, achieving high-quality results, and minimizing costs. This study explores the integration of Unmanned ...Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and artificial intelligence in precision viticulture, focusing on vine detection and vineyard zoning. Vine detection employs the YOLO (You Only Look Once) deep learning algorithm, achieving a remarkable 90% accuracy by analysing UAV imagery with various spectral ranges from various phenological stages. Vineyard zoning, achieved through the application of the K-means algorithm, incorporates geospatial data such as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the assessment of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in leaf blades and petioles. This approach enables efficient resource management tailored to each zone’s specific needs. The research aims to develop a decision-support model for precision viticulture. The proposed model demonstrates a high vine detection accuracy and defines management zones with variable weighting factors assigned to each variable while preserving location information, revealing significant differences in variables. The model’s advantages lie in its rapid results and minimal data requirements, offering profound insights into the benefits of UAV application for precise vineyard management. This approach has the potential to expedite decision making, allowing for adaptive strategies based on the unique conditions of each zone.
Based on a newly adopted “Rulebook on the records of identified changes on buildings in Serbia” (2020) that regulates the content, establishment, maintenance and use of records on identified changes ...on buildings, it is expected that the geodetic-cadastral information system will be extended with these records. The records contain data on determined changes of buildings in relation to the reference epoch of aerial or satellite imagery, namely data on buildings: (1) that are not registered in the real estate cadastre; (2) which are registered in the real estate cadastre, and have been changed in terms of the dimensions in relation to the data registered in the real estate cadastre; (3) which are registered in the real estate cadastre, but are removed on the ground. For this purpose, the LADM-based cadastral data model for Serbia is extended to include records on identified changes on buildings. In the year 2020, Republic Geodetic Authority commenced a new satellite acquisition for the purpose of restoration of official buildings registry, as part of a World Bank project for improving land administration in Serbia. Using this satellite imagery and existing cadastral data, we propose a method based on comparison of object-based and pixel-based image analysis approaches to automatically detect newly built, changed or demolished buildings and import these data into extended cadastral records. Our results, using only VHR images containing only RGB and NIR bands, showed object identification accuracy ranging from 84% to 88%, with kappa statistic from 89% to 96%. The accuracy of obtained results is satisfactory for the purpose of developing a register of changes on buildings to keep cadastral records up to date and to support activities related to legalization of illegal buildings, etc.
The Smart Cities data and applications need to replicate, as faithfully as possible, the state of the city and to simulate possible alternative futures. In order to do this, the modelling of the city ...should cover all aspects of the city that are relevant to the problems that require smart solutions. In this context, 2D and 3D spatial data play a key role, in particular 3D city models. One of the methods for collecting data that can be used for developing such 3D city models is Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), a technology that has provided opportunities to generate large-scale 3D city models at relatively low cost. The collected data is further processed to obtain fully developed photorealistic virtual 3D city models. The goal of this research is to develop virtual 3D city model based on airborne LiDAR surveying and to analyze its applicability toward Smart Cities applications. It this paper, we present workflow that goes from data collection by LiDAR, through extract, transform, load (ETL) transformations and data processing to developing 3D virtual city model and finally discuss its future potential usage scenarios in various fields of application such as modern ICT-based urban planning and 3D cadaster. The results are presented on the case study of campus area of the University of Novi Sad.
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is a plant worldwide cultivated mainly for essential oils, extracts, and as a spice. Up-to-date results showed diversity in composition of the essential oils, ...which may influence their quality, biological activity, and thermal properties. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and thermal properties of the rosemary essential oils originating from Serbia and Russia. Additionally, oils were added to the sunflower oils in order to investigate possible antioxidant activity during the frying. Investigation of the chemical profile marked α-pinene, eucalyptol, and camphor as the most abundant compounds in both oils. However, overall composition influenced in such manner that Russian oil showed significantly higher antimicrobial activity, while Serbian oil proved to be better antioxidant agent in case of frying of sunflower oil. This would significantly influence possible application of the oils, which could be used as an antioxidant agent for extension of the food shelf life, or antimicrobial agent for protection against different microbial strains.
•Sunflower oil methanolysis in a continuous packed bed reactor was optimized.•Thermally-activated, low-cost quicklime bits were used as a catalyst.•Process was optimized by 33 full factorial design ...and Box-Behnken design.•Box-Behnken design is recommended for optimizing biodiesel production processes.•FAME content in the ester phase obtained under the optimum conditions was >98%.
The effect of the residence time (i.e. liquid flow rate through the reactor), methanol-to-oil molar ratio and reaction temperature on the fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content at the output of a continuous packed bed tubular reactor was modeled by the response surface methodology (RSM) combined with the 33 full factorial design (FFD) with replication or the Box-Behnken design (BBD) with five center points. The methanolysis of sunflower oil was carried out at the residence time of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0h, the methanol-to-oil molar ratios of 6:1, 12:1 and 18:1 and the reaction temperature of 40, 50 and 60°C under the atmospheric pressure. Based on the used experimental designs, the model equations containing only linear and two-factor interaction terms were developed for predicting the FAME content, which were validated through the use of the unseen data. Applying the analysis of variance (ANOVA), all three factors were shown to have a significant influence on the FAME content. Acceptable statistical predictability and accuracy resulted from both designs since the values of the coefficient of determination were close to unity while the values of the mean relative percentage deviation were relatively low (<±10%). In addition, both designs predicted the maximum FAME content of above 99%, which agreed closely with the actual FAME content (98.8%). The same optimal reaction temperature (60°C) and residence time (2.0h) were determined by both designs while the BBD model suggested a slightly lower methanol-to-oil molar ratio (12.2:1) than the 33 FFD model (12.8:1). Since the BBD realization involved three times smaller number of experimental runs, thus requiring lower costs, less labor and shorter time than the 33 FFD, it could be recommended for the optimization of biodiesel production processes.
•Kinetic modeling and optimization was performed in batch and plug flow reactors.•Three-parametric kinetic model was proposed for the overall reaction.•The optimal process conditions were obtained by ...using the RSM coupled with a CCD.•Methanol-to-oil molar ratio had no significant impact on the esters yield.•The catalyst was highly active in the packed-bed tubular reactor during 30 h.
Kinetic modeling and optimization of sunflower oil methanolysis catalyzed by spherically-shaped CaO/γ-Al2O3 particles were conducted in batch stirred and packed-bed tubular reactors at 60 °C. The proposed three-parameter kinetic model describing the overall reaction with a variable mechanism was successfully applied to both batch and continuous reactions. The process optimization was done using the response surface methodology combined with a central composite design. The obtained optimal catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil molar ratio and reaction time for the batch reaction were 0.55% (CaO to the oil), 9:1 and 5.22 h, respectively. In the continuous process, the catalyst was highly active stable and slightly leachable during 30 h. The deactivation of the catalyst was due to massive deposition of the organic molecules from the reaction mixture, which sheltered the catalytically active sites on the catalyst surface.
LADM Based Utility Network Cadastre in Serbia Radulović, Aleksandra; Sladić, Dubravka; Govedarica, Miro ...
ISPRS international journal of geo-information,
05/2019, Letnik:
8, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The utility network cadastre in Serbia is the main register of utility lines and the rights to them. The Law on State Survey and Cadastre states the necessity for implementing a unified information ...system of both a real estate and utility network cadastre, but this has not been achieved in practice. The reasons for such a unified information system are to ensure easier maintenance of the rights of both the utilities and properties located above or below them, to ensure more efficient procedures for obtaining the consent for placement, repair, or removal of the utility line, to prevent procedures being executed based on outdated data, to build an information system as the law prescribes, and to facilitate the business processes in the Serbian geodetic authority, since it is responsible for both registers. Therefore, an already-developed LADM (Land Administration Domain Model)-based country profile for Serbia should be extended to include information from the utility network cadastre. An analysis of Serbian legislation showed the necessity of extending the class set of the utility network cadastre by further specialization of the LADM LA_LegalSpaceUtilityNetwork class. Furthermore, such a system will support the maintenance of utility network data. In practice, when there is a change made on utility lines by the right holders, it is necessary to implement the change in the register. In many situations, this is not done, and the actual state does not correspond to the one in the register. Usually, modern technologies, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR) and LIDAR, are used for data acquisition in order to provide an update of the utility network data. Since these technologies produce 3D data, we analyzed how to link that data to the traditional 2D spatial paradigm.
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•Bay laurel’s essential oil from Serbia (SRBL) and Russia (RFBL) (EO) were analyzed.•The oils evaporation process took place in two steps.•SRBL evaporated slower at the higher ...temperatures then RFBL.•Antioxidant activity assays showed that SRBL was more potent then RFBL.•Antimicrobial activity showed different affinity oils toward tested microorganisms.
Laurus nobilis (bay laurel) form Serbia (SRBL) and Russia (RFBL) were analyzed in order to establish the chemical profile, thermal properties and biological activity. The GC/MS analysis showed that α-pinene (31.97%) is principal compound in the RFBL followed by eucalyptol (27.95%) and α-terpineol (10.28%). In the case of the SRBL, eucalyptol (40.51%) is the most abundant compound followed by α-terpineol (15.46%), while α-pinene was found in much lower amount (4.45%). Thermal analysis showed that the evaporation process of both oils was complex process and took place in two phases. Moreover, results indicated that the SRBL evaporated slower at the higher temperatures than the RFBL. In order to assess biological activity, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated. The SRBL was more potent antioxidant agent in the case of both assays (DPPH and total reduction capacity). In the case of the antimicrobial activity, the SRBL showed greater potential of antimicrobial activities toward all tested microorganisms, while RFBL was found to be effective against all the bacteria and yeast, but did not possess any inhibitory action against fungi. Results indicate that both oils may be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent.
The tomography of a single quantum particle (i.e., a quantum wave packet) in an accelerated frame is studied. We write the Schrödinger equation in a moving reference frame in which acceleration is ...uniform in space and an arbitrary function of time. Then, we reduce such a problem to the study of spatiotemporal evolution of the wave packet in an inertial frame in the presence of a homogeneous force field but with an arbitrary time dependence. We demonstrate the existence of a Gaussian wave packet solution, for which the position and momentum uncertainties are unaffected by the uniform force field. This implies that, similar to in the case of a force-free motion, the uncertainty product is unaffected by acceleration. In addition, according to the Ehrenfest theorem, the wave packet centroid moves according to classic Newton’s law of a particle experiencing the effects of uniform acceleration. Furthermore, as in free motion, the wave packet exhibits a diffraction spread in the configuration space but not in momentum space. Then, using Radon transform, we determine the quantum tomogram of the Gaussian state evolution in the accelerated frame. Finally, we characterize the wave packet evolution in the accelerated frame in terms of optical and simplectic tomogram evolution in the related tomographic space.
Use of broken honeycomb-like expanded perlite as support for magnesium modified nickel catalysts in process of partial hydrogenation of sunflower oil was studied. By the use of the ...precipitation-deposition method, two groups of precursors were synthesized: different Ni/SiO2 mole ratios with constant Mg/Ni mole ratio 0.1, and different Mg/Ni mole ratios with constant Ni/SiO2 mole ratio 0.25. Characterizations of precursors were done (scanning electron microscopy, diffuse reflectance UV?Vis, infrared spectroscopy, N2-physisorption, temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and He-pycnometry) to determine the material differences, considering the change in morphology, structure, texture and reducibility with overall Ni and Mg content. In addition, TPR and hydrogen chemisorption were performed in order to estimate the temperature reduction range of supported precursors and the dispersion degree of nickel in reduced precursors, respectively. The interaction between Ni2+ and perlite support was established. Different reducibility and dispersion were obtained as a function of Ni/SiO2 and Mg/Ni mole ratios. After the precursor?s reduction and paraffin oil impregnation, the obtained catalysts were tested in a sunflower oil hydrogenation reaction. Catalyst activity was monitored through the decrease of the refractive index and hydrogen consumption that gave the insight that the influence on catalyst activity represents the accessibility of triacylglycerols and not always the hydrogen determined dispersion degree.
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