This paper presents a theoretical model, based on the neoclassical growth literature, which explicitly takes into account technological interdependence among economies and examines the impact of ...location and neighborhood effects in explaining growth. Technological interdependence is supposed working through spatial externalities. The magnitude of the physical capital externalities at steady state, which is usually not identified in the literature, is estimated using a spatial econometric specification explaining the steady state income level. This spatially augmented Solow model yields a conditional convergence equation which is characterized by parameter heterogeneity. A locally linear spatial autoregressive specification is then estimated.
L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les inégalités régionales dans l'Union Européenne élargie à l'aide de l'Analyse Exploratoire des Données Spatiales appliquée aux PIB par tête des 258 régions ...de l'Europe des 27 sur la période 1995-2000. Les résultats montrent l'existence d'une forte autocorrélation spatiale globale et locale ainsi qu'une forte hétérogénéité dans la distribution des richesses. Ils montrent également un changement de polarisation, puisque l'élargissement conduit à un schéma de polarisation Nord-Ouest - Est à la place du schéma Nord-Sud traditionnellement mis en évidence dans la littérature. Finalement, cette analyse nous permet d'explorer les conséquences de l'élargissement sur la politique régionale européenne. / The aim of this paper is to study the regional inequalities in the enlarged European Union using Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis applied to per capita GDP for 258 regions of EU27 over the period 1995-2000. Strong evidence in favor of global and local autocorrelation as well as spatial heterogeneity is found for the wealth distribution. We also show that the enlargement process leads to a new North-West - East polarization scheme instead of the previous results obtained in the literature highlighting a North-South polarization scheme. Implications for regional development and cohesion policies are finally explored.
This small-area analysis seeks to investigate and interpret suburban developments in Sanchung/Taipei as an example of growth forms and conditions in industrializing suburban settlements throughout ...Taiwan. In spite of unfavourable natural conditions the number of inhabitants in Sanchung has increased ten-fold over the past 25 years, the majority of inhabitants being young migrants from the rural districts of the western coastal plain. House forms are characterized by the comprehensive adoption of the Western apartment house. In this regard a periphery/centre differentiation has developed, which runs parallel to that of a functional sort (Photo 3 and 5). The intermingling and close penetration of the twin functions of "dwelling" and "working" are characteristic. Small-scale industrial concerns are widespread, being absent only in the central business district. The commercial usage of the groundfloor of almost every other building is striking (fig. 2). Thus the migrants who settle in the suburbs are not only consumers but also producers — that is, economically active.
We propose a quantity-based `dual' version of the gravity equation that yields an estimating equation with both cross-sectional interdependence and spatially lagged error terms. Such an equation can ...be concisely estimated using spatial econometric techniques. We illustrate this methodology by applying it to the Canada-U.S. data set used previously, among others, by Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) and Feenstra (2002, 2004). Our key result is to show that controlling directly for spatial interdependence across trade flows, as suggested by theory, significantly reduces border effects because it captures `multilateral resistance'. Using a spatial autoregressive moving average specification, we find that border effects between the U.S. and Canada are smaller than in previous studies: about 8 for Canadian provinces and about 1.3 for U.S. states. Yet, heterogeneous coefficient estimations reveal that there is much variation across provinces and states.
We propose a quantity-based "dual" version of the gravity equation that yields an estimating equation with both cross-sectional interdependence and spatially lagged error terms. Such an equation can ...be concisely estimated using spatial econometric techniques. We illustrate this methodology by applying it to the Canada-U.S. data set used previously, among others, by Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) and Feenstra (2002, 2004). Our key result is to show that controlling directly for spatial interdependence across trade flows, as suggested by theory, significantly reduces border effects because it captures "multilateral resistance". Using a spatial autoregressive moving average specification, we find that border effects between the U.S. and Canada are smaller than in previous studies : about 8 for Canadian provinces and about 1.3 for U.S. states. Yet, heterogeneous coefficient estimations reveal that there is much variation across provinces and states.
We propose a quantity-based 'dual' version of the gravity equation that yields an estimating equation with both cross-sectional interdependence and spatially lagged error terms. Such an equation can ...be concisely estimated using spatial econometric techniques. We illustrate this methodology by applying it to the Canada-U.S. data set used previously, among others, by Anderson and van Wincoop (2003) and Feenstra (2002, 2004). Our key result is to show that controlling directly for spatial interdependence across trade flows, as suggested by theory, significantly reduces border effects because it captures 'multilateral resistance'. Using a spatial autoregressive moving average specification, we find that border effects between the U.S. and Canada are smaller than in previous studies: about 8 for Canadian provinces and about 1.3 for U.S. states. Yet, heterogeneous coefficient estimations reveal that there is much variation across provinces and states.
Lepröse wurden aus der mittelalterlichen Gesellschaft ausgeschlossen und isoliert. Allerorten gab es sogenannte Leprosorien, aber nur wenige konnten bisher archäologisch untersucht werden. Eine ...Grabung in Aachen hat neue Erkenntnisse zur Sozialgeschichte des Mittelalters und Grundlagen für medizinische Analysen geliefert.
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