Interactions between membranes and biomolecular condensates can give rise to complex phenomena such as wetting transitions, mutual remodeling, and endocytosis. In this study, light‐triggered ...manipulation of condensate engulfment is demonstrated using giant vesicles containing photoswitchable lipids. UV irradiation increases the membrane area, which can be stored in nanotubes. When in contact with a condensate droplet, the UV light triggers rapid condensate endocytosis, which can be reverted by blue light. The affinity of the protein‐rich condensates to the membrane and the reversibility of the engulfment processes is quantified from confocal microscopy images. The degree of photo‐induced engulfment, whether partial or complete, depends on the vesicle excess area and the relative sizes of vesicles and condensates. Theoretical estimates suggest that utilizing the light‐induced excess area to increase the vesicle‐condensate adhesion interface is energetically more favorable than the energy gain from folding the membrane into invaginations and tubes. The overall findings demonstrate that membrane‐condensate interactions can be easily and quickly modulated via light, providing a versatile system for building platforms to control cellular events and design intelligent drug delivery systems for cell repair.
This work demonstrates efficient, rapid and reversible light‐guided modulation of membrane‐condensate interactions. Using giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) doped with the photolipid azo‐PC, membrane‐condensate wetting transitions are induced and characterized, enabling swift endocytosis over multiple cycles. The findings elucidate interaction mechanisms, applicable to diverse systems, offering potential for synthetic cell development and photo‐pharmacology in drug delivery systems.
Abstract
The nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs, phylum Nucleocytoviricota) infect vertebrates, invertebrates, algae, amoebae, and other unicellular organisms across supergroups of ...eukaryotes and in various ecosystems. The expanding collection of their genome sequences has revolutionized our view of virus genome size and coding capacity. Phylogenetic trees based on a few core genes are commonly used as a model to understand their evolution. However, the tree topology can differ between analyses, and the vast majority of encoded genes might not share a common evolutionary history. To explore the whole-genome variation and evolution of NCLDVs, we dissected their gene contents using clustering, network, and comparative analyses. Our updated core-gene tree served as a framework to classify NCLDVs into families and intrafamilial lineages, but networks of individual genomes and family pangenomes showed patterns of gene sharing that contradict with the tree topology, in particular at higher taxonomic levels. Clustering of NCLDV genomes revealed variable granularity and degrees of gene sharing within each family, which cannot be inferred from the tree. At the level of NCLDV families, a correlation exists between gene content variation, but not core-gene sequence divergence, and host supergroup diversity. In addition, there is significantly higher gene sharing between divergent viruses that infect similar host types. The identified shared genes would be a useful resource for further functional analyses of NCLDV–host interactions. Overall this study provides a comprehensive view of gene repertoire variation in NCLDVs at different taxonomic levels, as well as a novel approach to studying the extremely diverse giant virus genomes.
Giant viruses are a group of eukaryotic double-stranded DNA viruses with large virion and genome size that challenged the traditional view of virus. Newly isolated strains and sequenced genomes in ...the last two decades have substantially advanced our knowledge of their host diversity, gene functions, and evolutionary history. Giant viruses are now known to infect hosts from all major supergroups in the eukaryotic tree of life, which predominantly comprises microbial organisms. The seven well-recognized viral clades (taxonomic families) have drastically different host range.
and
, both with notable intrafamilial genome variation and high abundance in environmental samples, have members that infect the most diverse eukaryotic lineages. Laboratory experiments and comparative genomics have shed light on the unprecedented functional potential of giant viruses, encoding proteins for genetic information flow, energy metabolism, synthesis of biomolecules, membrane transport, and sensing that allow for sophisticated control of intracellular conditions and cell-environment interactions. Evolutionary genomics can illuminate how current and past hosts shape viral gene repertoires, although it becomes more obscure with divergent sequences and deep phylogenies. Continued works to characterize giant viruses from marine and other environments will further contribute to our understanding of their host range, coding potential, and virus-host coevolution.
博士
國立高雄師範大學
國文學系
104
The Thought of Sanctification Viewed From Sacrifice to Heaven of pre-qin (ancient china) and Old Testament times
Abstract
This study aim at investigating the thought of ...Sanctification,which from the sacrifice to heaven of pre-qin (ancient china) and Old Testament times.This thesis is composed of six chapters.The first chapter is the introduction, Chapters two to five are the main text,Last chapter is the conclusion.The second chapter, entitled ”Finding sources of sacrifice to heaven”,It use archaeological finds and literature to discuss the sacrifice to heaven of pre-qin (ancient china),and use Hebrew Bible discuss sacrifice to heaven of Israel.The third chapters,entitled ”The meaning of sacrifice to heaven”,It use The Three Ritual Classics to discuss the meaning of sacrifice to heaven of pre-qin (ancient china),and use the five books of Moses to discuss the meaning of sacrifice to heaven of Israel (in Old Testament times).The fourth chapters,entitled ”The view of saints and The way of Sa
A randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled efficacy trial of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) for prevention of the mother‐to‐infant transmitted HBsAg carrier state was conducted in Taiwan where ...the carrier rate in the general population is 15 to 20%. HBIG was given immediately after birth to infants of e antigen positive HBsAg carrier mothers, and all infants were followed for at least 15 months. Among 61 placebo recipients, the carrier rate was 92%; compared with 26% among 57 infants who received 0.5 ml HBIG at birth, 3 months, and 6 months, and 54% among 67 infants who received a single 1.0 ml dose of HBIG at birth only. Efficacy was 71 and 42%, respectively, for the two treatment schedules. The most common response of HBIG‐treated infants was passive‐active immunization which was 27% in the single‐dose group and 61% in the three‐dose group. Some of the infants who became carriers were probably infected as HBIG protection waned, and we expect that higher efficacy can be achieved by hepatitis B vaccine in conjunction with HBIG.
We propose a remote password authentication scheme based on quadratic residues. In our scheme, any legal user can freely choose his own password in the card initialization phase. Using his password ...and smart card which contains identity and other information, he can then log into the system successfully. According to our analysis, intruders cannot obtain any secret information from the public information, or derive any password from intercepted messages. In addition, our scheme can withstand the attack of replaying previously intercepted log-in requests.
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