Abstract Introduction There is a concerning trend of emigration among highly educated individuals in Montenegro. This includes medical professionals who seek better job opportunities abroad. The aim ...of the present study was to identify the primary motivational factors driving Montenegrin medical students to pursue a career in medicine, and whether these factors undergo changes over the course of their studies. Methods A cross-sectional study included 210 medical students in Montenegro, 27.62% were males, and 72.38% were females. The mean age of the students was 21.90 years (SD=3.05) (range 19–39). Their academic motivation was analysed using the Academic Motivation Scale, previously validated in various cultural contexts. Results The results showed that autonomous motivation levels were higher than controlled motivation levels (p<0.001) among students in Montenegro, which has been previously associated with better learning outcomes. Students with medical doctors among their family members had higher extrinsic motivation related to rewards and punishments (extrinsic motivation with external regulation p=0.018). Amotivation showed a trend of increasing as the students got closer to graduation (p=0.057). Only 8.1% of students planned a career in primary healthcare, and 1% wished to specialize in family medicine. Conclusions This study’s findings, which indicate high levels of autonomous motivation among medical students, are of significant importance. They contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the motivation factors among medical students and young healthcare professionals in Montenegro. Moreover, they provide a basis for the implementation of strategic interventions to retain highly skilled medical professionals within the country’s workforce, thereby addressing the concerning trend of emigration among this group.
Introduction. Self-reported scales, such as the Jefferson Scale of Empathy - Student version (JSE-S), had been recognised to measure the empathic disposition rather than behavioural expression. This ...study aimed to re-validate the JSE-S and its factor structure prior further research on empathy in medical students.
Methods. A convenience sampling method was employed in two consecutive academic years, in 2012/13 and 2013/14, at the Faculty of Medicine in Ljubljana, Slovenia; first and final year students participated voluntarily. The JSE-S examined empathy levels. The principal component analysis was performed with Oblimin rotation and Kaisers’ criteria. Factors with eigenvalues ≥ 1.25 were retained and items loading ≥ |0.40| were required for the interpretation of the factor structure.
Results. The total study sample size was 845 students, (580 (68.6%)) of them women; 327 (72.2%) were in the first (19.2 ± 1.9 years old) and 253 (61.7%) in the sixth (24.9 ± 1.1 years old) year of medical school. Females achieved higher JSE-S scores in all groups. The three-factor JSE-S was confirmed, but only seven items were concordant in all groups. A higher proportion of explained variation for Perspective Taking and Standing in the Patient`s Shoes, and better internal consistency, was found in a reduced-item scale (16-18 items). When performing factor analysis of a seven-item scale, the percentages of explained variance increased with two factors extracted.
Conclusions. Only the cognitive dimension of JSE-S gave results as expected, therefore proper terminology, i.e. the object of assessment, must be used in further administration of JSE-S and empathy-related research in medical students.
Izhodišča. Samoocenjevalne lestvice, kakršna je Jeffersonova lestvica empatije - oblika za študente (JSE-S), so se izkazale kot mere naravnanosti (stališč) in ne kot pripomočki za oceno in napoved vedenja. Zato je bilo treba pred nadaljnjimi raziskavami empatične naravnanosti pri študentih in preučevanjem odnosa med študijskim programom ter pristopi in empatično naravnanostjo študentov ponovno preveriti veljavnost JSE-S, bolj jasno opredeliti predmet merjenja ter variacije/razlike, povezane s spolom.
Metode. S priložnostnim vzorčenjem v dveh zaporednih študijskih letih (2012/13 in 2013/14) so bili študenti prvega in šestega letnika Medicinske fakultete v Ljubljani povabljeni k anonimnemu in prostovoljnemu sodelovanju. Svojo empatično naravnanost so ocenjevali z JSE-S. S Student t-testom za neodvisne vzorce in enosmerno analizo variance so bile izračunane razlike po spolu in letniku študija. Vsi testi so bili dvosmerni, z mejo statistične pomembnosti P <0,05. Izvedena je bila validacija lestvice po metodi glavnih komponent z rotacijo Oblimin, ob upoštevanju Kaiserjevih meril. Nasičenost posameznih trditev ≥ |0,40| in faktorji z lastno vrednostjo ≥ 1,25 so bili podlaga za razlago faktorske strukture.
Rezultati. Celotni vzorec je vključeval 845 študentov, med njimi je bilo 580 (68,6%) žensk, 327 (72,2%) je bilo študentov prvega letnika, starih 19,2 ± 1,9 leta, 253 (61,7%) pa študentov šestega letnika, starih 24,9 ± 1,1 leta. Ženske so dosegle višje skupne vrednosti na JSE-S v vseh skupinah. Tri faktorska struktura JSE-S se je potrdila, vendar se je le sedem trditev/postavk ujemalo v vseh štirih skupinah študentov. Ko je bila lestvica skrajšana na 16 oziroma 18 trditev, se je povečal delež pojasnjene variance pri faktorjih upoštevanje zornega kota drugega in zavzemanje pozicije drugega, boljša je bila tudi notranja konsistentnost. V faktorski analizi lestvice s sedmimi trditvami/postavkami je bil delež pojasnjene variance še večji, ne pa tudi notranja konsistentnost (Cronbach’s α > 0,70). Izločena sta bila dva faktorja, oba po vsebini opisujeta kognitivno razsežnost empatije.
Zaključki. Pokazalo se je, da JSE-S meri empatično naravnanost, kar je treba upoštevati v prihodnjih raziskavah ter temu prilagoditi tudi poimenovanje lestvice. Predlagamo uporabo skrajšane lestvice s 16 trditvami, s skupno vrednostjo točk JSE-S kot mero samoocene kognitivne komponente empatije.
Medical students are mainly exposed to needle stick and sharp object injuries in the course of their clinical activities during studying. They are at high risk due to their undeveloped skills, ...restricted clinical experience, lack of knowledge and risk perception. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of needle stick injuries of the fourth and final year medical students, and to estimate their knowledge about blood-borne pathogens disease transmission and standard precautions.
This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, in February 2014. The students were invited to self-administer a questionnaire of 26 closed questions prepared for this study.
The questionnaire was filled in and returned by 637 students. The prevalence of needle sticks and sharp object injuries was 29.5%. Needle stick injuries were the most common type of accidents, more frequent among the fourth compared to the sixth year students (p=0.002). The majority of accidents occurred in patient rooms (53%) and the emergency department (15%). 54% of participants reported an accident to the responsible person. Students without accidents had a significantly better perception of risk (3.79 vs. 3.35; p<0.05). Out of the total participating students, only 16.6% (106/637) received all three doses of Hepatitis B vaccination, while 16.2% were partially vaccinated.
There is a need for additional theoretical and practical education of our students on blood exposure via accidents, raising the awareness of the necessity of hepatitis B vaccination, and introducing the unique/comprehensive procedure for accident reporting for students and healthcare workers in the entire country.
Abstract Aim: To gain insight into the trend of career choice for family medicine in Croatia in recent years. Methods: Six surveys were performed in the academic years 2006/07-2011/12 at the ...University of Zagreb, School of Medicine. Altogether, 1140 6th year students participated. They anonymously completed a questionnaire containing questions on desired future specialisation as well as other selected characteristics (e.g. gender, desired area and place of work, motivation to study medicine, etc.). Binary logistic regression was used to determine unadjusted and adjusted trends. Results: After adjustment for selected factors, the relationship between observed outcome and the year of observation showed an evident decreasing trend. The odds for intention to specialise in family medicine were in the academic year 2006/2007 1.43-times higher than in the year 2007/2008 (p=0.412), 1.85-times higher than in the year 2008/2009 (p=0.168), 2.38-times higher than in the year 2009/2010 (p=0.051), 2.63-times higher than in the year 2010/2011 (p=0.027) and 3.85-times higher than in the year 2011/2012 (p=0.003). Conclusions: The results of the present study offer evidence that Croatia is experiencing a constantly decreasing trend of career choice for family medicine in recent years. It is obvious that final year medical students are not very much interested in working as family practitioners. At the same time, demand for family practitioners in Croatia is increasing. Both academic and professional societies have a social responsibility to reorient the health care system and medical curricula towards comprehensive primary health care in which family medicine has a key role.
Izvleček Izhodišče: Pridobitev vpogleda v trend izbire poklica zdravnik specialist družinske medicine na Hrvaškem v zadnjih letih. Metode: V študijskih letih 2006/7-2011/12 je bilo na Medicinski fakulteti Univerze v Zagrebu opravljenih šest raziskav, v katerih je skupaj sodelovalo 1.140 študentov 6. letnika. Ti so anonimno izpolnili vprašalnik z vprašanji o želeni prihodnji specializaciji in drugih izbranih karakteristikah (npr. spol, želeno področje in kraj dela, motivi za študij medicine itn.). Za določitev neprilagojenih in prilagojenih trendov je bila uporabljena binarna logistična regresija. Rezultati: Po prilagoditvi izbranih dejavnikov je bil pri povezavi med opazovanim rezultatom in letom opazovanja ugotovljen jasen padajoči trend. Verjetnost izbire specializacije iz družinske medicine je bila v študijskem letu 2006/2007 1,43-krat večja kot v letu 2007/2008 (p = 0,412), 1,85-krat večja kot v letu 2008/2009 (p = 0,168), 2,38- krat večja kot v letu 2009/2010 (p = 0,051), 2,63-krat večja kot v letu 2010/2011 (p = 0,027) in 3,85-krat večja kot v letu 2011/2012 (p = 0,003). Zaključki: Rezultati te raziskave dokazujejo, da je v zadnjih letih na Hrvaškem prisoten stalno padajoči trend pri izbiri poklica zdravnik specialist družinske medicine. Očitno je, da študenti zadnjega letnika medicine niso preveč zainteresirani za delo zdravnika družinske medicine. Hkrati pa se na Hrvaškem povečuje potreba po tovrstnih zdravnikih. Tako akademska kot strokovna združenja so družbeno odgovorna za preoblikovanje sistema zdravstvenega varstva in študijskih programov medicine v celovito primarno zdravstveno varstvo, v katerem ima družinska medicina ključno vlogo.
Uvod: U dostupnoj literaturi populacija studenata izdvaja se iz opće populacije kao zasebna s uočenom nižom razinom kvalitete života u odnosu na opću populaciju. Studije prije pandemije pokazuju da ...studenti, a poglavito studenti medicine, prijavljuju nižu kvalitetu života tijekom pandemije. Pandemija COVID-19 utjecala je na sve aspekte života, uključujući i kvalitetu života. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je procijeniti kvalitetu života studenata Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu tijekom pandemije COVID-19. Ispitanici i metode: Uzorak ispitanika u ovom istraživanju činilo je 404 studenata medicine (34,4% mladića i 65,6% djevojaka) sa Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, akademske godine 2019./2020. Studenti su ispunili demografski upitnik, upitnik Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije o kvaliteti života-kratka verzija (WHOQOL-BREF) i dodatni upitnik o COVID-19. Rezultati: Studenti medicine, u procjeni kvalitete života, najviše vrijednosti iskazali su u okolišnoj domeni (75,97 ± 15,10),tjelesnoj (69,18 ± 17,79), društvenoj (66,46 ± 21,15),te u psihološkoj domeni (63,11 ± 20,06). Multivarijatna regresijska analiza izdvojila je ženski spol (β= -2,213, p<0,001) i osjećaj zabrinutosti nakon porasta pandemije COVID-19 (β= -2,306, p=0,022) kao prediktore lošijeg tjelesnog funkcioniranja. Nasuprot tome, prediktori boljeg tjelesnog funkcioniranja bili su viša godina studija (β=0,162, p<0,001) i bolja akademska postignuća (β=0,384, p<0,001). Zaključak: Rezultati pokazuju da su studenti medicine procijenili svoju kvalitetu života na početku pandemije COVID-19 dobrom u sve četiri domene. Utjecaj ženskoga spola i više godine studija na tjelesnu i psihološku domenu kvalitete života, upućuju na potrebu razvoja intervencije u specifičnim dijelovima studentske populacije.
Introduction: Considering the quality of life, it has been found that students stand out from the generalpopulation as a separate population, with an observed lower level of quality of life compared to the generalpopulation, especially medical students. The COVID-19 pandemic affected all aspects of life, including thequality of life. The aim of this study was to estimate the quality of life of medical students of the Universityof Zagreb during the COVID-19 pandemic.Method and materials: The sample of respondents in this study consists of 404 medical students(34.4% males) from the University of Zagreb, in the academic year 2019/2020. The students filled out ademographic questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-Short Version(WHOQOL-BREF), and an additional questionnaire about COVID-19.Results: Medical students, in assessing the quality of life, achieved the highest values in theenvironmental domain (75.97 ± 15.10), followed by the physical domain (69.18 ± 17.79), the social domain(66.46 ± 21.15) and the psychological domain (63.11 ± 20.06). Multivariate regression analysis singled outwomen (β= -2.213, P<0.001), and the feeling of concern after the escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic(β= -2.306, P=0.022) as predictors of poorer physical functioning. In contrast, predictors of better physicalfunctioning were higher years of study (β=0.162, p<0.001) and better academic achievements (β=0.384,P<0.001).Conclusion: The results showed that medical students at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemicreported their quality of life as good in all four domains. The influence of the female gender and higherstudy years on the physical and psychological domains of quality of life point to the need for thedevelopment of interventions in specific parts of the student population
Cilj istraživanja: Ispitati informiranost studenata fakulteta sastavnica Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera (JJS) u Osijeku o opt-out zakonu o doniranju organa nakon moždane smrti koji je ...trenutačno važeći u Hrvatskoj. Ispitanici i postupci: U presječnom istraživanju provedenom od 2. do 19. veljače 2023. sudjelovalo je 1.105 studenata Sveučilišta JJS u Osijeku. Podatci su prikupljeni pomoću online upitnika koji su sastavili autori, „snowball“ metodom. Statistički su obrađeni χ2 testom, uz statističku značajnost P < 0,05. Rezultati: Medijan dobi bio je 22 (interkvartilni raspon 21 – 23) godine. 71,6% bilo je ženskog spola. 22,5% studenata mislilo je da zna važeći zakon u Hrvatskoj o doniranju organa nakon moždane smrti, dok je 21% znalo objašnjenje toga zakona.
Objašnjenje moždane smrti znalo ih je 78,3%, stav Katoličke crkve o transplantaciji organa 31%, da je u Hrvatskoj zabranjeno doniranje organa radi stjecanja materijalne koristi 48,9%, a 30,5% da je Hrvatska u europskom i svjetskom vrhu prema broju doniranja i transplantacije organa (na milijun stanovnika). Studenti s medicinskog,
drugoga zdravstvenog i pravnog fakulteta značajno su češće od ispitanika ostalih fakulteta mislili da znaju važeći zakon (P < 0,001), objašnjenje tog zakona (P < 0,001), objašnjenje moždane smrti (P < 0,001), stav Katoličke crkve o transplantaciji organa (P = 0,005), da je u Hrvatskoj zabranjeno doniranje organa radi stjecanja materijalne koristi (P = 0,013) i da je Hrvatska u europskom i svjetskom vrhu prema broju doniranja i transplantacije organa (P < 0,001). Zaključak: Studenti su pokazali slabo poznavanje opt-out zakona o doniranju organa nakon moždane smrti i nedovoljnu informiranost o toj temi te samim time često ni sami ne znaju da su donori nakon moždane smrti ako se za života ne izjasne drukčije. Ipak, studenti medicine, drugih zdravstvenih studija i prava bili su bolje upoznati od ostalih, no, potrebno ih je sve o tome educirati.
Cilj: Procijeniti spremnost za racionalno propisivanje antimikrobnih lijekova među diplomantima četiriju hrvatskih medicinskih fakulteta temeljem samoprocjene. Nadalje, ustvrditi i raspraviti ...eventualno prisutne nejednakosti među edukacijskim kurikulumima medicinskih fakulteta. Ispitanici i metode: Svi studenti završne godine studija na svim četirima hrvatskim medicinskim fakultetima (Osijek, Rijeka, Split i Zagreb) mogli su sudjelovati u ovom presječnom istraživanju. Korišten je validirani upitnik radne skupine ESGAP Student-PREPARE. Riječ je o upitniku od 47 čestica, a uključuje pitanja o demografskim odrednicama, samoprocijenjenoj spremnosti za racionalno propisivanje antimikrobnih lijekova, percepciji o korisnosti različitih metoda poučavanja te percipiranoj potrebi za daljnjom edukacijom iz ove tematike. Rezultati: Stopa odaziva po pojedinim fakultetima bila je u rasponu od 15,71% do 31,33%. Razina samoprocijenjene „sveukupne spremnosti“ (engl. global preparedness score, GPS) za racionalno propisivanje antimikrobnih lijekova po fakultetima iznosila je redom: Osijek 48,82; Zagreb 53,56; Rijeka 57,14 te Split 66,28. Prosječni GPS (56,45) u 2019. u Hrvatskoj nije bio statistički značajno različit od vrijednosti u 2015. godini (62,66). Splitski su studenti imali statistički značajno bolje rezultate u 3/27 kurikularnih područja, dok za preostala područja statistički značajna razlika nije pronađena. Većina je diplomanata (73,68% – 100%) izrazila potrebu za dodatnom edukacijom iz ove tematike. Samoprocijenjena dostupnost/korisnost interaktivnijih metoda poučavanja bila je veća na splitskom fakultetu. Zaključak: Hrvatski diplomanti medicine po završetku studija generalno se ne osjećaju dovoljno spremnima za samostalno propisivanje antimikrobnih lijekova koje im predstoji u skorašnjoj kliničkoj praksi. Osjetne interregionalne diskrepancije u spremnosti studenata za racionalno propisivanje antimikrobnih lijekova nisu pronađene, međutim uočene su značajnije razlike po pitanju samoprocijenjene dostupnosti/korisnosti pojedinih metoda poučavanja među fakultetima.
SAŽETAK
Cilj: U vrijeme pandemije COVID-19 promjene u uvjetima studiranja mogu utjecati na mentalno zdravlje studenata medicine. Istraživanje ima za cilj ispitati pojavnost depresije, anksioznosti i ...stresa, njihovu povezanost sa sociodemografskim i akademskim karakteristikama te postojanje razlika između studenata pretkliničkih i kliničkih godina studija.
Metode: Ovo presječno istraživanje provedeno je online uporabom metode snježne grude. Uključeno je 206 studenata svih godina Medicinskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu, od čega je 51% pripadalo skupini pretkliničkih, a 49% skupini kliničkih godina studija.
Rezultati: Istraživanje je ukazalo na prisutnost depresije u 25,7% studenata medicine, 26,7% je imalo značajne anksiozne smetnje, a 15% značajne simptome stresa. Simptomi anksioznosti i stresa bili su više izraženi u studentica. Korelacijska analiza ukazala je na obrnutu povezanost depresije, anksioznosti i stresa s prosječnim uspjehom, depresije s godinom studija, a vrijeme provedeno u učenju obrnuto je koreliralo s anksioznošću. U logističkoj regresiji su prosjek ocjena i partnerski status (biti u vezi) bili značajni prediktori depresije, prosjek ocjena, spol i konzumacija psihoaktivnih tvari značajni prediktori anksioznosti, dok su spol i konzumacija psihoaktivnih tvari bili značajni prediktori stresa. Preboljenje COVID-19 kao i cijepljenje protiv ove bolesti nije bilo povezano s depresijom, anksioznošću i stresom. Cijepljenje je bilo češće što su studenti stariji, odnosno češće u skupini kliničkih godina studija.
Zaključak: U doba pandemije lošije mentalno zdravlje studenata medicine povezano je sa ženskim spolom, lošijim akademskim uspjehom, partnerskim statusom i konzumacijom psihoaktivnih tvari. Preboljenje COVID-19 kao i cijepljenje protiv COVID-19 nije bilo povezano s mentalnim zdravljem.
Studiranje podrazumijeva razne izazove koji mogu narušiti homeostazu, a neki su od tih izazova opterećenost učenjem, želja za akademskim postignućem i studiranje uz rad. S obzirom na navedeno, kod ...studentske je populacije općenito važno promicati osobne zdrave navike, a kod studenata sestrinstva i medicine uz to i navike promoviranja zdravog načina života. Cilj je ovog preglednog rada utvrditi kojim se mjerama procjenjuje i kojim se metodama istražuje životni stil studenata sestrinstva i medicine.Pregled opsega proveden je i dovršen 28. prosinca 2020. godine pretraživanjem baze podataka Medline/WoS. Uključeni su članci koji opisuju primarna opažajna istraživanja o zdravom životnom stilu studenata sestrinstva i medicine. Od 68 identificiranih članaka, 12 ih je prihvaćeno (17,7 %) za konačnu analizu. Izrađene su kvantitativna i kvalitativna analiza podataka.Za procjenu životnog stila koriste se upitnici i antropometrijski instrumenti, a fokus je na kriterijima zdravog načina života, kao što su učestalost tjelesne aktivnosti, indeks tjelesne mase, kvaliteta spavanja, balansiranost prehrane, mentalno zdravlje i drugi. Mjere tjelesnog zdravlja u većoj su mjeri zastupljene od mjera mentalnog zdravlja. Sva su istraživanja bila presječnog tipa.Istraživanja pokazuju da studenti sestrinstva i medicine nemaju optimalan životni stil. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja povezanosti mentalnog zdravlja i životnog stila s ciljem osmišljavanja strategija za unapređenje zdravog načina života u ovoj populaciji, kao i ispitivanja učinkovitosti takvih strategija.
Studying involves a host of challenges that can disrupt homeostasis. Some of these include the burden of learning, the desire for academic achievement, and studying while working. Therefore, it is important to promote personal healthy habits in the student population, and for nursing and medical students, additional habits to promote healthy lifestyles. This scoping review aims to determine which measures are used to assess the lifestyle of nursing and medical students and which methods are used to research them.The scoping review was conducted and completed on December 28, 2020, by searching the Medline / WoS database. Articles describing primary non-experimental research on the healthy lifestyles of nursing and medical students were included. Of the 68 articles identified, 12 (17.7%) were accepted for final analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data analyses were conducted.Questionnaires and anthropometric tools are used for the assessment, and the focus is on healthy lifestyle criteria such as frequency of physical activity, body mass index, sleep quality, balanced diet, mental health, and others. Physical health is represented more frequently than mental health. All studies were cross-sectional studies.Research shows that nursing and medical students do not have an optimal lifestyle. The relationship between mental health and lifestyle needs further research to develop strategies to promote healthy lifestyles in this population and also to study the effectiveness of these strategies.
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