R. Israel Najara (Safed c.1550 – Gaza c.1628) was the founder of a new school of poetry in the East after the Expulsion from Spain. As in most new beginnings, tradition and innovation are intertwined ...in his poetry. This article examines the extent to which Najara was faithful to the tradition of Spanish Hebrew poetry, which he knew so well and cherished, primarily with respect to the structure of his poems.
A re-examination of ‘Zemirot Yisrael’ and ‘Sheerit Yisrael’, Najara’s two major poetic collections, suggests that, contrary to the general consensus in research, including that of the present author, it seems that Najara consciously and deliberately deviated from the canonical structures of Spanish poems, at times only slightly but at others much more radically. This tendency was further amplified in his later poems. Short selections from his poems illustrate this trend.
This article reappraises the experience of the visionary Angelic Paola Antonia Negri (1508–1555) in order to reconstruct the missing links of a hidden genealogy of charismatic women. Birgitta of ...Sweden (1303–1373), celebrated author of eight books of revelations, played a major role in this genealogy, establishing the canon of women’s prophetic history and thus making it possible to talk of a Birgittine prophetic model. This article investigates how Negri, by exercising charismatic authority and developing her authorial voice, revived and ‘reactivated’ Birgitta’s prophetic model in its critique and legitimation of spiritual and temporal powers, its textual agency and its challenge to male hierarchies. Through the analysis of Negri’s Spiritual Letters (published posthumously in 1576), her hagiography, her milieu and the Inquisition’s and the Barnabites’ documents, this article shows how Negri made the Birgittine model available to all Christians, thus intensifying its potential to question the ecclesiastical and male monopoly of truth and spiritual power and the hierarchical nature of the early modern concept of authority.
Krieg und Karten gehören untrennbar zusammen. Sie sind dabei nicht bloß militärische Instrumente, sondern transportieren stets auch politische Raumbilder. Diesen bislang wenig beachteten Aspekten des ...Ersten Weltkriegs geht die Untersuchung nach.
Der Erste Weltkrieg wurde wie kein anderer Konflikt zuvor in allen räumlichen Dimensionen geführt. Karten trugen ihren entscheidenden Anteil dazu bei. Die deutschen Operationsplanungen fußten auf den strategischen Generalstabskarten, während insbesondere die Kriegführung im Westen neue Raummedien erforderte. Im gleichen Maße stiegen die Anforderungen an die Soldaten, sich mit den neuen Kartentypen im Stellungskrieg zurechtzufinden. Das führte zu Bildungsanstrengungen in der »Heimat«, von denen insbesondere die Schulgeographie profitierte. Erdkundelehrer stellten ihre Expertise bereitwillig in den Dienst des Krieges und instrumentalisierten geographisches Wissen zu Propagandazwecken.
Tumor angiogenesis plays very important roles for tumorigenesis, tumor development, metastasis, and prognosis. Targeting T1/T2 dual modality magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the tumor vascular ...endothelial cells (TVECs) with MR molecular probes can greatly improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, as well as helping to make an early diagnosis of tumor at the preclinical stage. In this study, a new T1 and T2 dual modality nanoprobe was successfully fabricated. The prepared nanoprobe comprise peptides CL 1555, poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) amphiphilic copolymer shell, and dozens of manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) nanoparticle core. The results showed that the hydrophobic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles were of uniform spheroidal appearance and narrow size distribution. Due to the self-assembled nanomicelles structure, the prepared probes were of high relaxivity of 281.7 mM(-1) s(-1), which was much higher than that of MnFe2O4 nanoparticles (67.5 mM 1 s(-1)). After being grafted with the targeted CD105 peptide CL 1555, the nanomicelles can combine TVECs specifically and make the labeled TVECs dark in T2-weighted MR imaging. With the passage on, the Mn(2+) ions were released from MnFe2O4 and the size decreased gradually, making the signal intensity of the second and third passage of labeled TVECs increased in T1-weighted MR imaging. Our results demonstrate that CL-poly(ethylene glycol)-MnFe2O4 can conjugate TVECs and induce dark and bright contrast in MR imaging, and act as a novel molecular probe for T1- and T2-enhanced MR imaging of tumor angiogenesis.
The combination of several mass-decreasing processes may critically affect the structure of open clusters (OCs), to the point that most dissolve into the field in a time-scale shorter than ≈1 Gyr. ...Therefore, as is observed, old OCs should be sparse within the Galaxy. These mass-decreasing processes can only be quantifiably examined given the derivation of the fundamental parameters, age, distance and mass, for a sample of old OCs. In this paper we focus on four candidate old star clusters, namely, LK 1, LK 10, FSR 1521 and FSR 1555. The first two clusters, discovered by Le Duigou & Knödlseder, are projected towards the Cygnus association, whilst the remaining two have been detected in the fourth quadrant as cluster candidates from stellar overdensities by Froebrich, Scholz & Raftery. To analyse the target clusters we construct near-infrared colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) and derive stellar radial density profiles (RDPs). The CMDs are constructed using Two Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) J, H and Ks bands, and the intrinsic morphologies of the target OCs within these diagrams are revealed by applying a field-star decontamination algorithm. Fundamental parameters are estimated with Padova isochrones built for the 2MASS filters. We derive extinctions to the objects within the range 3.4 ≤AV≤ 8.9, which makes them suitable for the near-infrared analysis, ages within 1.0–2.0 Gyr, and distances from the Sun within 1.4–4.5 kpc. These distances, in conjunction with the positions in the sky, place the present four OCs close to the solar circle (≲0.6 kpc). For LK 10 our photometry reaches a depth ≈3 mag below the main-sequence turn off, from which we derive a relatively steep mass function slope (χ= 2.4 ± 0.4) when compared to the Salpeter value (χ= 1.35). LK 10 is a rather massive old OC, with a mass within 1360 ≤m (M⊙) ≤ 4400, for stars in the observed magnitude range and the extrapolation to 0.08 M⊙, respectively. The mass estimated in the restricted magnitude range for the remaining, more distant OCs is within 260 ≤m (M⊙) ≤ 380. However, similarity with the CMD morphology and red clump of LK 10 suggests that they may be as massive as LK 10. The RDPs are well represented by a King-like function, except LK 10, which has a central cusp suggesting post-core collapse. Structurally, LK 1, FSR 1521 and FSR 1555 are similar to a sample of nearby OCs of comparable age.
Blick ins BuchIn Inventing the Social in Romania, 1848–1914, Călin Cotoi brings to life several ‘obscure’ anarchists, physicians, public hygienists and reformers roaming the borderlands of Europe and ...Russia.The book follows individuals, texts, projects, sometimes even bacteria, traveling, meeting, colliding, writing and talking to each other in surprising places, and on changing topics. All of them navigated the land, sometimes finding unexpected loopholes and shortcuts in it, and emerged in different and unexpected parts of the social, political or geographical space.Using materials ranging from anarchists’ letters, to social-theoretical debates and medical treatises, Călin Cotoi points to the larger theoretical and historical issues involved in the local creation of the social, its historicity, and its representability.
La biografía del ingeniero militar Cristóbal de Rojas era poco conocida hasta el momento. Este artículo pretende ofrecer nuevos datos sobre la misma, tanto en sus orígenes, como en su posible ...formación y aparición en Sevilla. Posteriormente se aborda la realización de lo que sería su primera obra documentada: la portada del hastial de la parroquia de Cañete de las Torres (Córdoba). Además, se plantea delimitar su participación en la obra de El Escorial a un contacto con los círculos matemáticos de Juan de Herrera, como parte de su capacitación como ingeniero con Tiburcio Spanocchi. Finalmente se ofrecen algunas novedades sobre sus distintos matrimonios.
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