Although mandatory disclosure programs have been studied extensively, strategic voluntary environmental disclosures by firms are not well understood. We study the motivations for and impacts of ...firms' strategic disclosure of greenhouse gas reductions to the US government. We first model firms' joint abatement and disclosure decisions, incorporating both economic and political incentives. We then use data from the Department of Energy's Voluntary Greenhouse Gas Registry to compare reported reductions to actual emissions. We find that participants in the program engage in highly selective reporting: in the aggregate, they increase emissions over time but report reductions. In contrast, non-participants decrease emissions over time. Participants tend to be large firms facing strong regulatory pressure; pressure from environmental groups reduces the likelihood of participation, suggesting such groups viewed the program as a form of greenwash. Participating in the 1605(b) program had no significant effect on a firm's changes in carbon intensity over time.
Volcanic activity can cause regional earthquakes before or during an eruption, while violent earthquakes are capable of changing static and dynamic stress-fields that may consequently accelerate or ...trigger volcanic eruption. It is thus important to consider the volcano and regional earthquake as an integrated system, which has implications for disaster prevention and may enable early warning. In this work, two magnetotelluric (MT) profiles were deployed across the active volcanic and seismic region in the northern Hainan Island, China. Data were inverted to generate a three-dimensional resistivity structure beneath the two profiles. The resistivity model shows a shallow (< 5 km) low-resistivity (< 10 Ωm) zone corresponding to Paleogene and Neogene sediments, and two conductors (10–30 Ωm) at depths of 5–12 km. The conductors in the middle-upper crust are attributed to the accumulation of high-salinity fluids supplied by deeper magmas. The north-south trending small earthquakes (< M3) are mainly distributed in high-resistivity basement, independent of the volcanic plumbing system, which are attributed to small-scale rupture in higher tensile rocks. The volcanic plumbing system appears to extend below the Qiongzhou Earthquake (M7.5 in 1605), indicating the possibility of distal volcano-tectonic earthquake.
•A 3D resistivity model of the active volcanic and seismic region (northern Hainan Island, China) is constructed using new magnetotelluric data.•The N-S trending small earthquakes independent to the volcanic plumbing system can be attributed to a local rupture in higher tensile rocks.•The Qiongzhou Earthquake (M7.5 in 1605) may be a distal volcano-tectonic earthquake.
This book shows how the sixteenth-century priest Antonio Gallonio engaged with law, medicine and engineering, to draw attention to saintly virtues. It exposes the tensions between a theocratic clergy ...and the self-assertion of secular professionals in the Italian Counter-Reformation.
ABSTRACT We report detections of new exoplanets from a radial-velocity (RV) survey of metal-rich FGK stars by using three telescopes. By optimizing our RV analysis method to long time-baseline ...observations, we have succeeded in detecting five new Jovian planets around three metal-rich stars, HD 1605, HD 1666, and HD 67087, with masses of , , and , respectively. A K1 subgiant star, HD 1605 hosts two planetary companions with minimum masses of and in circular orbits with the planets' periods and 2111 days, respectively. HD 1605 shows a significant linear trend in RVs. Such a system consisting of Jovian planets in circular orbits has rarely been found and thus HD 1605 should be an important example of a multi-planetary system that is likely unperturbed by planet-planet interactions. HD 1666 is an F7 main-sequence star that hosts an eccentric and massive planet of in an orbit with AU and eccentricity . Such an eccentric and massive planet can be explained as a result of planet-planet interactions among Jovian planets. While we have found large residuals of , the periodogram analysis does not support any additional periodicities. Finally, HD 67087 hosts two planets of and in orbits with and 2374 days, and and 0.76, respectively. Although the current RVs do not lead to accurate determinations of its orbit and mass, HD 67087 c can be one of the most eccentric planets ever discovered in multiple systems.
We present a high-resolution tomographic image in the upper mantle for the Hainan plume determined by using both local and teleseismic data. The arrival-time data from teleseismic events are measured ...precisely from seismograms recorded by nine permanent seismic stations in Hainan island and Leizhou peninsula. Our results show that striking low-velocity (low-V) anomalies of up to −5% in the crust and −2% in the mantle are visible under the Hainan hotspot from the surface down to 250km depth. The Hainan plume is imaged as a continuous, NW–SE tilting, low-V column with a diameter of about 80km. Given the denser data coverage and finer parameterization, our result represents a significant improvement with respect to earlier, regional and global tomographic studies. Such an inclination of the Hainan plume can be explained by numerical simulations. The tilted plume conduit in the upper mantle could be associated with the subduction of oceanic plates, especially the Philippine Sea plate, and the extrusion of the Eurasian plate. Most likely, the tilted plume conduit has buoyantly risen from the lower mantle.
Under the Tudor monarchy, English law expanded to include the category of "treason by words." Rebecca Lemon investigates this remarkable phrase both as a legal charge and as a cultural event. English ...citizens, she shows, expressed competing notions of treason in opposition to the growing absolutism of the monarchy. Lemon explores the complex participation of texts by John Donne, Ben Jonson, and William Shakespeare in the legal and political controversies marking the Earl of Essex's 1601 rebellion and the 1605 Gunpowder Plot.
Lemon suggests that the articulation of diverse ideas about treason within literary and polemical texts produced increasingly fractured conceptions of the crime of treason itself. Further, literary texts, in representing issues familiar from political polemic, helped to foster more free, less ideologically rigid, responses to the crisis of treason. As a result, such works of imagination bolstered an emerging discourse on subjects' rights.Treason by Wordsoffers an original theory of the role of dissent and rebellion during a period of burgeoning sovereign power.
This essay examines the use of psalm structures, rhetoric, and poetics in the devotional poetry of Hester Pulter, a mid‐seventeenth‐century Royalist manuscript poet. Scholarship has shown the ...adaptability of the voice of the psalms, how it is amendable to both an ‘I’ and a ‘we’ simultaneously. Pulter takes advantage of this flexibility: although these poems generally express the spiritual woes and longings of a lone speaker, Pulter's use of recognizable psalm patterns and motifs situates her poetry within a broader community that engages with the psalms through corporate worship. Pulter thus melds her own distinctive (Royalist) poetic voice with a psalm framework recognizable to any protestant reader, whatever their political orientation. Writing psalmic poems gives Pulter not only a means of expressing her private devotions in an acceptable religious form, but it also allows her to invoke an audience for her poems, an audience that may in turn blend their own voices with the voice of this lone Royalist woman.
We present results and analysis for the 2 m spectroscopic part of the MultiSite Spectroscopic Telescope (MSST) campaign undertaken in May/June 2002. The goal of the project was to observe the ...pulsating subdwarf B star PG 1605+072 simultaneously in velocity and photometry and to resolve as many of the >50 known modes as possible, which will allow a detailed asteroseismological analysis. We have obtained over 150 h of spectroscopy, leading to an unprecedented noise level of only 207 m s-1. We report here the detection of 20 frequencies in velocity, with two more likely just below our detection threshold. In particular, we detect 6 linear combinations, making PG 1605+072 only the second star known to show such frequencies in velocity. We investigate the phases of these combinations and their parent modes and find relationships between them that cannot be easily understood based on current theory. These observations, when combined with our simultaneous photometry, should allow asteroseismology of this most complicated of sdB pulsators.
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