Russia's Entangled Embrace traces the relationship between the Romanov state and the Armenian diaspora that populated Russia's territorial fringes and navigated the tsarist empire's metropolitan ...centers. By engaging the ongoing debates about imperial structures that were simultaneously symbiotic and hierarchically ordered, Stephen Badalyan Riegg helps us to understand how, for Armenians and some other subjects, imperial rule represented not hypothetical, clear-cut alternatives but simultaneous, messy realities. He examines why, and how, Russian architects of empire imagined Armenians as being politically desirable. These circumstances included the familiarity of their faith, perceived degree of social, political, or cultural integration, and their actual or potential contributions to the state's varied priorities. Based on extensive research in the archives of St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Yerevan, Russia's Entangled Embrace reveals that the Russian government relied on Armenians to build its empire in the Caucasus and beyond. Analyzing the complexities of this imperial relationship—beyond the reductive question of whether Russia was a friend or foe to Armenians—allows us to study the methods of tsarist imperialism in the context of diasporic distribution, interimperial conflict and alliance, nationalism, and religious and economic identity.
"Consequences of Denial" seeks to provide some awareness and understanding of the horrendous tragedy of the Armenian genocide. This book illuminates the little known fact that over two million ...innocent Armenians died at the hands of the Ottoman Empire between 1894 and 1922; a genocide that has been, and continues to be, denied by successive Turkish governments. In this book, the author demonstrates the need not only for remembrance, but first and foremost for the acknowledgement of genocides, from government level downwards. Only by taking adequate steps at personal, group, national and international levels to acknowledge such massacres, and the trauma they create, can humankind attempt to prevent such atrocities from ever happening again. By documenting the psychological effects of the forgotten Armenian genocide and by linking these effects to crossgenerational trauma and processes of response and denial, this book aims to shed light from a psychoanalytic perspective on an insufficiently researched aspect of this genocide.
This open access book includes forty-one chapters about foreign observers’ discourses on Japan. These include a wide range of perspectives from the travelogues of curious visitors to academic theses ...by scholars, which offer us a broad spectrum of contents, reflecting a variety of attitudes toward Japan. The works were written during the period from the 1850s to the 1980s, a timespan during which Japan became, in stages, more open to the outside world after a long isolation under the Tokugawa shogunate. From the perspective of “Japanology,” one can discern three distinct periods of rising interest in the country from abroad. The first tide of such interest came shortly after the opening of Japan, when various foreign travelers, including those who could not be included in this book, came over and wrote down their impressions of the country—which was, for them, a land of mystery and mystique, which had just opened its doors to them. The second wave arose at the beginning of the twentieth century, just after the Russo-Japanese War, when Japan again generated a remarkable surge of interest as a “miracle” in Asia that had pulled off the wondrous feat of defeating a white superpower. The third wave was more recent, which took place from the late 1960s to the 1980s, a period of high economic growth when the “miracle” of Japan’s remarkable economic recovery from the defeat of World War II attracted enthusiastic and curious attention from the outside world once again. It is not the intention of this book to directly highlight such historical transitions, but these forty-two brilliant mirrors (forty-one chapters, including forty-two discourses), even when looked in casually, provide us with unexpected insights and various perspectives. Shōichi Saeki (1922–2016) was Professor Emeritus, the University of Tokyo. Tōru Haga (1931–2020) was Professor Emeritus, International Research Center for Japanese Studies.
The corporation is a constitutive element of modern capitalism. In its contemporary form, the corporation comes with a striking legal feature: ownership is associated with limited liability. Today, ...we take for granted both the principle of limited liability and its association with the corporate form. Not so long ago, though, in the mid-19th century, the principle of limited liability was highly contentious, generating heated discussions and debates. This article explores the social movement dynamics that crystallized around the principle of limited liability in 19th-century England – intense framing strategies and politics of signification, collective articulation of resources and mobilization tactics as well as opportunistic use of dynamic opportunities. Interestingly, social movement dynamics did not imply in this case the structuration of a unitary social movement but involved instead a stunning ‘coalition of the unlikely’. Two strikingly different groups championed limited liability on distinct grounds – ‘enfranchisement of men’ against ‘enfranchisement of capital’. In the end, the latter framing imposed itself and debates found a resolution in the formal institutionalization of limited liability as a constitutive legal feature of incorporation. Altogether, these social movement dynamics proved highly consequential – marking a turning point in the history of capitalism, with profound implications for our contemporary understanding of responsibility in economic life.
Abstract
Research on the intergenerational inheritance of occupational attainment has been restricted to sons for a long time. This is remarkable, given the ubiquity of historical settings where ...female labor force participation was high. This study of civil marriage certificates in nineteenth-century West Flanders investigates a comprehensive sample covering the economic activities not only of fathers and sons but also of mothers and daughters. We find that daughters were more mobile than sons. Daughters, however, enjoyed less growth in terms of intergenerational mobility against the background of a slowly industrializing economy.
In Genius Envy Adrianna M. Paliyenko uncovers a forgotten past: the multiplicity and diversity of nineteenth-century French women’s poetic voices. Conservative critics of the time attributed genius ...to masculinity and dismissed the work of female authors as “feminine literature.” Despite the efforts of leading thinkers, critics, and historians to erase women from the pages of literary history, Paliyenko shows how female poets invigorated the debate about the origins of genius and garnered recognition in their time for their creativity and bold aesthetic ideas. This fresh account of French women poets’ contributions to literature probes the history of their critical reception and considers the texts of celebrated writers such as Desbordes-Valmore, Ségalas, Blanchecotte, Siefert, and Ackermann. The results show that these women explicitly challenged the notion of genius as gendered, advocating for their rightful place in the canon.
This book is a systematic interdisciplinary account of the history of unprecedented technical advances that took place in Europe and North America during the three pre-WWI generations and of their ...truly epochal consequences. It takes a close look at four classes of fundamental innovations: formation, diffusion, and standardization of electricity-generating systems and the distribution and uses of this most versatile form of energy; invention and rapid adoption of internal combustion engines, the dominant prime mover in transportation; the unprecedented pace of the introduction of new materials and industrial chemical syntheses; and the birth of a new information age thanks to the new means of communication. These chapters are followed by an evaluation of the lasting impact these advances had on the 20th century, that is, the creation of high-energy societies engaged in mass production aimed at improving standards of living.
Publikacja pokazuje, w jaki sposób tworzyły się społeczne wyobrażenia o pogromach Żydów i podkreśla wagę pogromu białostockiego 1906 roku w tym kontekście. Jest ona zarazem istotnym głosem w ...dziedzinie teorii i metodologii badań nad pogromami. Autor krytycznie ocenia dotychczasowe badania naukowe w tym zakresie i wskazuje, w jakich warunkach były one prowadzone. Dokonuje gruntownej analizy źródeł dotyczących pogromu białostockiego, a jednocześnie - na przykładzie Białegostoku - prezentuje zjawiska i pojęcia ogólne, takie jak społeczne uwarunkowania pogromu, jego reperkusje polityczne i psychologiczne oraz waga relacji personalnych w czasie tych tragicznych wydarzeń. Wskazuje na aktywną rolę wspólnoty żydowskiej w czasie pogromu oraz na interakcyjność samego zjawiska antyżydowskiej przemocy zbiorowej.
Historie pogromów Żydów wciąż wzbudzają gorące dyskusje. Wbrew pozorom stan wiedzy o tych tragicznych wydarzeniach, bez względu na okres, w jakim miały miejsce, jest nadal niewystarczający. Społeczną wyobraźnię wypełniają obrazy antyżydowskiej przemocy, które często mają się nijak do wniosków wypływających ze źródeł historycznych. Autor ukazuje, jak doszło do wykształcenia się dominującego w świadomości społecznej schematu opisu pogromu Żydów. Odkrywa przed czytelnikami kolejne etapy procesu, który doprowadził do utrwalenia się legendy o tym, że pogromy były organizowane i przeprowadzane przez czynniki w pewien sposób ,,zewnętrzne" wobec lokalnych wspólnot (przez władze, okupantów itp.). Wyjaśnia, kiedy i z jakich powodów społeczności te oczyszczano z podejrzeń o udział w atakach.
Pogrom Żydów w Białymstoku w 1906 roku, przedstawiony w publikacji na podstawie nowych materiałów źródłowych, odegrał w budowaniu tych wyobrażeń znaczącą rolę. Historie napisane po tym tragicznym zdarzeniu posłużyły jako schemat z powodzeniem wykorzystywany do opisu innych pogromów, także tych, do których doszło w czasie drugiej wojny światowej i tuż po niej.
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Anti-Jewish Violence and Social Imagery: The Bialystok Pogrom of 1906
A book about the history of the Białystok pogrom in 1906, and simultaneously an important voice in the field of the theory and methodology of research on pogroms. The author critically evaluates previous research in terms of accepted research paradigms. He thoroughly analyzes sources concerning the Bialystok pogrom, and at the same time, using the example of Bialystok, he shows the general phenomena and vocabulary, including: the city as a pogrom space, pogrom as social interaction, pogrom as conspiracy and revenge, pogrom as a political conflict and finally the effects of pogrom - building a new order. He also presents a discussion about the definition of 'pogrom'.
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Artur Markowski - adiunkt w Zakładzie Historii XIX wieku w Instytucie Historycznym Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego i historyk w Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich POLIN. Zajmuje się historią społeczną XIX wieku, szczególnie dziejami Żydów w Imperium Rosyjskim i Królestwie Polskim. Autor książki Rodzina i gospodarstwo domowe Żydów suwalskich w pierwszej połowie XIX wieku (2008). Publikował m.in. w "Przeglądzie Historycznym", "Studiach Judaica", "Polin. Studies in Polish Jewry" i "Gal-Ed".
This book is the outcome of the ethnographic field research conducted by the author in Skalne Podhale region in the years of 2011–2015. The analysis of the material collected during the research – ...the interlocutors’ statements and situations and events observed, prompted the author to make an attempt to answer the questions about the meaning of musical tradition for the contemporary highlanders, its role in their everyday life as well as its impact on the process of self-determination and developing the local identity.
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