Mit der Entdeckung seiner Lichtempfindlichkeit im Jahr 1873 gerät das chemische Element Selen plötzlich in den Blick von Forschern und Erfindern aus den unterschiedlichsten Bereichen. Einen festen ...Platz hat es in der Geschichte des frühen Fernsehens, weil damit das Licht der Bilder in telegrafisch übertragbaren Strom umgewandelt werden kann. Johannes Hess zeigt, dass diese Fernsehgeschichte nur ein Teil einer verzweigten Geschichte ist - einer Materialgeschichte des Selens. Nicht Personen, Institutionen oder Technologien spielen hier die Hauptrolle, sondern das Material selbst. In einem Zeitraum von etwa 1870 bis 1930 führt der Weg des Selens von Chemiefabriken und Messstationen durch elektrophysikalische Labore und Erfinderwerkstätten bis in die Ateliers von experimentellen Künstlern. Statt der oft wiederholten Geschichten von aufmerksamen Entdeckern, genialen Erfindern oder nationalen Erfolgsprojekten macht das Material dabei eine andere Geschichte sichtbar, die unterhalb von Wissenschafts-, Technik-, Medien- und Kunstgeschichten verläuft. Auf diese Weise stellt die Wanderung des Materials die Wissenschaft, die Technik, die Medien und die Kunst in neue Zusammenhänge, und es zeigt sich, wie eng verwoben die vermeintlich getrennten Bereiche sind.
An exploration of headhunting and the collection of heads for European museums in the context of colonial wars, from the 1870s to the 1930s. The book offers a new understanding of the mutually ...dependent interaction between indigenous peoples and colonial powers, and how collected remains became regarded as objects of wider significance.
We offer a rationale for the decision to extend the franchise to women within a politico-economic model where men are richer than women, women display a higher preference for public goods, and ...women's disenfranchisement carries a societal cost. Men and women are matched within households which are the center of the decision process. We derive the optimal tax rate under two alternative regimes: a males-only enfranchisement regime and a universal enfranchisement regime. The latter is associated with a higher tax rate but, as industrialization raises the reward to intellectual labor relative to physical labor, women's relative wage increases, thus decreasing the difference between the tax rates. When the cost of disenfranchisement becomes higher than the cost of the higher tax rate which applies under universal enfranchisement, the male median voter is better off extending the franchise to women. A consequent expansion of the size of government is only to be expected in societies with a relatively high cost of disenfranchisement.
We empirically test the implications of the model over the 1870–1930 period. We proxy the gender wage gap with the level of per capita income and the cost of disenfranchisement with the presence of catholicism, which is associated with a more traditional view of women's role and thus a lower cost. The gender gap in the preferences for public goods is proxied by the availability of divorce, which implies marital instability and a more vulnerable economic position for women. Consistently with the model's predictions, women's suffrage is correlated positively with per capita income and negatively with the presence of catholicism and the availability of divorce, while women's suffrage increases the size of government only in non-catholic countries.
Reforming the world Tyrrell, Ian
2010., 20100701, 2010, 2010-07-01, 20100101, Letnik:
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eBook
Reforming the World offers a sophisticated account of how and why, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, American missionaries and moral reformers undertook work abroad at an ...unprecedented rate and scale. Looking at various organizations such as the Young Men's Christian Association and the Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Missions, Ian Tyrrell describes the influence that the export of American values had back home, and explores the methods and networks used by reformers to fashion a global and nonterritorial empire. He follows the transnational American response to internal pressures, the European colonies, and dynamic changes in global society.
This article studies the effect of recruitment restrictions on mobility and wages in the postbellum U.S. South. I estimate the effects of criminal fines charged for “enticement” (recruiting workers ...already under contract) on sharecropper mobility, tenancy choice, and agricultural wages. I find that a $13 (10%) increase in the enticement fine lowered the probability of a move by black sharecroppers by 12%, daily wages by 1 cent (.1%), and the returns to experience for blacks by 0.6% per year. These results are consistent with an on‐the‐job search model, where the enticement fine raises the cost of recruiting an employed worker.
The quintessential American suburbs, with their gracious single-family homes, large green lawns, and leaf-shaded streets, reflected not only residents' dreams but nightmares, not only hopes but ...fears: fear of others, of racial minorities and lowincome groups, fear of themselves, fear of the market, and, above all, fear of change. These fears, and the restrictive covenants that embodied them, are the subject of Robert M. Fogelson's fascinating new book.
As Fogelson reveals, suburban subdividers attempted to cope with the deep-seated fears of unwanted change, especially the encroachment of "undesirable" people and activities, by imposing a wide range of restrictions on the lots. These restrictions ranged from mandating minimum costs and architectural styles for the houses to forbidding the owners to sell or lease their property to any member of a host of racial, ethnic, and religious groups. These restrictions, many of which are still commonly employed, tell us as much about the complexities of American society today as about its complexities a century ago.
This longitudinal study of three successful homesteader families in Marshall County, Kansas, from 1870 to the present, is based on both archival research and the author’s family’s stories. By ...surveying two to four generations for each of the three homesteader families, the study presents three diff erent patterns for the experience of successful homesteader families and their descendants, as well as specific examples for some of the conclusions in Homesteading the Plains: Toward a New History (2017) by Richard Edwards, Jacob K. Friefeld, and Rebecca S. Wingo.
Citizenship, nation, empire investigates the extent to which popular imperialism influenced the teaching of history between 1870 and 1930. It is the first book-length study to trace the substantial ...impact of educational psychology on the teaching of history, probing its impact on textbooks, literacy primers and teacher-training manuals. Educationists identified ‘enlightened patriotism’ to be the core objective of historical education. This was neither tub-thumping jingoism, nor state-prescribed national-identity teaching, but rather a carefully crafted curriculum for all children which fused civic as well as imperial ambitions. The book will be of interest to those studying or researching aspects of English domestic imperial culture, especially those concerned with questions of childhood and schooling, citizenship, educational publishing and anglo-British relations. Given that vitriolic debates about the politics of history teaching have endured into the twenty-first century, Citizenship, nation, empire is a timely study of the formative influences that shaped the history curriculum in English schools
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