This article analyzes the reactions of Catholics linked to lay associations in the city of Salvador, in the period of the Spanish flu (1918) and smallpox (1919). Newspapers were the main sources used ...to identify the festivals and rites, both those practiced to ask for the intercession of the saints, and those that were suspended due to the need for social isolation. In spite of both diseases being transmissible and the short interval between the two epidemics, the analysis of the sources showed different reactions from the faithful regarding the measures of protection and the search for a cure.
The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is having negative health, social and economic consequences ...worldwide. In Europe, the pandemic started to develop strongly at the end of February and beginning of March 2020. Subsequently, it spread over the continent, with special virulence in northern Italy and inland Spain. In this study we show that an unusual persistent anticyclonic situation prevailing in southwestern Europe during February 2020 (i.e. anomalously strong positive phase of the North Atlantic and Arctic Oscillations) could have resulted in favorable conditions, e.g., in terms of air temperature and humidity among other factors, in Italy and Spain for a quicker spread of the virus compared with the rest of the European countries. It seems plausible that the strong atmospheric stability and associated dry conditions that dominated in these regions may have favored the virus propagation, both outdoors and especially indoors, by short-range droplet and aerosol (airborne) transmission, or/and by changing social contact patterns. Later recent atmospheric circulation conditions in Europe (July 2020) and the U.S. (October 2020) seem to support our hypothesis, although further research is needed in order to evaluate other confounding variables. Interestingly, the atmospheric conditions during the Spanish flu pandemic in 1918 seem to have resembled at some stage with the current COVID-19 pandemic.
•First study to explore the effects of large-scale atmospheric patterns on COVID-19.•Anticyclonic conditions could have favored early spread of COVID-19 over Europe.•Transmission by droplets and/or aerosols, and social contact could be enhanced.•Resemblances with spatial and atmospheric conditions during the 1918 Spanish flu.
Evidence linking past experiences of worsening health with support for radical political views has generated concerns about the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The influenza pandemic that ...began in 1918 had a devastating health impact: 4.1 million Italians contracted influenza and about 500 000 died. We tested the hypothesis that deaths from the 1918 influenza pandemic contributed to the rise of Fascism in Italy. To provide a "thicker" interpretation of these patterns, we applied historical text mining to the newspaper
(Mussolini's newspaper). Our observations were consistent with evidence from other contexts that worsening mortality rates can fuel radical politics. Unequal impacts of pandemics may contribute to political polarization. (
. 2022;112(2):242-247. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306574).
Recent studies argue that major crises can have long‐lasting effects on individual behavior. While most studies focused on natural disasters, we explore the consequences of the global pandemic caused ...by a lethal influenza virus in 1918–19: the so‐called “Spanish Flu.” This was by far the worst pandemic of modern history, causing up to 100 million deaths worldwide. Using information about attitudes of respondents to the General Social Survey, we find evidence that experiencing the pandemic likely had permanent consequences in terms of individuals' social trust. Our findings suggest that lower social trust was passed on to the descendants of the survivors of the Spanish Flu who migrated to the United States. As trust is a crucial factor for long‐term economic development, our research offers a new angle from which to assess current health threats.
Constantin von Economo´s 90th death anniversary Teive, Hélio Afonso Ghizoni; Tensini, Fernando Spina; Lima, Plínio Garcia ...
Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria,
11/2021, Letnik:
79, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ABSTRACT The year of 2021 marks 90 year since the death of the neuroscientist Constantin von Economo, whose research in various areas was extremely relevant for the field of neurology. He described ...lethargic epidemic encephalitis, published an atlas of the cytoarchitecture of the human cerebral cortex, and conducted multiple studies in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and clinical neurology. Von Economo's genius extended into other nonmedical fields such as aeronautics, and he had renowned artistic skills.
RESUMO O ano de 2021 marca o 90° aniversário da morte do neurocientista Constantin von Economo, ou Constantin Freiherr (Barão) von Economo. Von Economo realizou várias pesquisas de grande relevo na área da neurologia, com a descrição da encefalite letárgica epidêmica, a publicação do atlas sobre a citoarquitetura do córtex cerebral humano, além dos seus múltiplos estudos em neuroanatomia, neurofisiologia, bem como na neurologia clínica. A genialidade de von Economo se estendeu para outras áreas não médicas, com o seu grande interesse em aeronáutica, como piloto de avião, além dos seus reconhecidos dotes artísticos.
•The temporal trends of the COVID-19 pandemic and the 1918–19 influenza pandemic in the United Kingdom were compared.•It was found that the ongoing COVID-19 wave of infection had matched the major ...wave of the 1918–19 influenza pandemic surprisingly well over the previous 2 months.•The similar characteristics of these two pandemics were discussed.•We also showed the years of life lost (YLL) due to 1918–19 pandemic. A comparison based on YLL would be more appropriate.
We compared the COVID-19 and 1918–19 influenza pandemics in the United Kingdom. We found that the ongoing COVID-19 wave of infection matched the major wave of the 1918–19 influenza pandemic surprisingly well, with both reaching similar magnitudes (in terms of estimated weekly new infections) and spending the same duration with over five cases per 1000 inhabitants over the previous two months. We also discussed the similarities in epidemiological characteristics between these two pandemics.
The Corona Virus 19 (COVID 19) epidemic is an infectious disease which was declared as a pandemic and hit all the Countries, all over the world, from the beginning of the year 2020. There are many ...similarities between the COVID 19 epidemic and the Spanish flu epidemic. We considered some preventive measures which do not change in the two epidemics.
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