As the front of the northeastward-growth region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau since the Cenozoic, arcuate fold-and-thrust belts are the main features of local tectonic deformation. However, the ...formation mechanism of these arcuate structures is still an open question. We present 3D finite-element models with elasto-plastic rheology to understand the formation-evolution of arcuate folds here comprising real regional fault-zones including the Haiyuan, Xiang Shan–Tianjing Shan, Yantong Shan, and Niushou Shan faults since ∼10 Ma. The reference-model equivalent-plastic-strain (EPS) concentration zones develop outwardly-NE in spatio-temporal sequence, with development geometry and timing in good agreement with the geologic fault-zone structures. Our reference-model-based sensitivity analysis suggest that the horizontal northeastward compression of the region being bounded by a frictional vicinity (rigid Alxa and Ordos blocks hindering the advancement) have the dominant control on the formation and evolution of these arcuate fold-and-thrust belts perpendicular to the contraction axis. In contrast, the likely-small rotations imprinted by the Ordos and Alxa blocks and the minor shearing of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, have only secondary effects. An additional, generic sensitivity analysis reveals that the folds’ horizontal curvature per unit horizontal shortening-displacement increases with the friction on the bounding vicinity, and this result could be considered for other scenarios of Earth and other planets. Historical regional earthquakes of M > 6 are mostly located in the simulated EPS concentration zones: the 1920 Haiyuan and 1709 Zhongwei earthquakes occurred on the Haiyuan and Xiang Shan–Tianjing Shan faults, respectively, well correlated with our model high-EPS concentration zones.
•3D elastoplastic models simulated the arcuate structural belts formation in the NE margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.•Tectonic shortening dominates the development of plasticity bands, while rotations and shearing have secondary effects.•A higher frictional coefficient leads to higher curvature of arcuate deformation bands.•EPS concentration zones in the study area are correlated with historical earthquakes, forming a local seismogenic zone.
In the early twentieth century, two wealthy white sisters, cousins to a North Carolina governor, wrote identical wills that left their substantial homeplace to a black man and his daughter.
Maggie ...Ross, whose sister Sallie died in 1909, was the richest woman in Union County, North Carolina. Upon Maggie's death in 1920, her will bequeathed her estate to Bob Ross-who had grown up in the sisters' household-and his daughter Mittie Bell Houston. Mittie had also grown up with the well-to-do women, who had shown their affection for her by building a house for her and her husband. This house, along with eight hundred acres, hundreds of dollars in cash, and two of the white family's three gold watches went to Bob Ross and Houston. As soon as the contents of the will became known, more than one hundred of Maggie Ross's scandalized cousins sued to break the will, claiming that its bequest to black people proved that Maggie Ross was mentally incompetent.
Revealing the details of this case and of the lives of the people involved in it, Gene Stowe presents a story that sheds light on and complicates our understanding of the Jim Crow South. Stowe's account of this famous court battle shows how specific individuals, both white and black, labored against the status quo of white superiority and ultimately won. An evocative portrait of an entire generation's sins,Inherit the Land: Jim Crow Meets Miss Maggie's Willhints at the possibility for color-blind justice in small-town North Carolina.
Gene Stowe grew up in Monroe, North Carolina, and was a reporter for theCharlotte Observerfor twelve years. He is head of the writing program of Trinity School at Greenlawn in South Bend, Indiana. Carl A. Sergio earned degrees in art design and psychology at the University of Notre Dame. He is currently working in Chicago while preparing to attend graduate school. Learn more about the author athttp://genestowe.blogspot.com/.
The ‘Great War’ had harmful impacts on Hungary’s national economy. With the disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, the former self-sufficient economic unit broke into six different ...entities, which had far-reaching consequences in Central and Eastern Europe. Economic difficulties were further aggravated by rampant inflation. Finally, the loss of the majority of raw materials by the Treaty of Trianon meant that Hungary was cut off from its sources of supply.The following paper examines the impacts of economic reconstruction in Hungary. The analysis also focuses on the development of industry, agriculture, and trade in the 1920s.
This study aims to reconsider the literature of Queen Marie of Romania, a personality acknowledged nowadays for the major role she played during First World War in Romania. I start from the ...assumption advanced by Romanian historians that the literature of the Queen played an important part in her political commitment to the national ideal. Apart from its ideological and moral value during the war, her literature deserves a fresh view from the perspective of literary studies. Her work, comprising fiction, memories, an autobiography and a private diary of over two decades proves a complex corpus of literary texts that needs to be re-examined. Marie of Romania was a successful writer for a contemporary international and national public and I tried first to outline a short history of her reception pointing to a few important moments and names. Her autobiography was appreciated by Virginia Woolf in a 1934 review totally unknown to Romanian criticism, while in The United States Marie was probably our most famous writer during the 1930s. In Romania, Marie’s biographical literature was one of the pioneers of the genre, perceived as such by an independent critic like Octav Șuluțiu. She actually encouraged a whole trend in feminine diary and memorial writing which also needs researching within Romanian literary studies. She was perceived by women and by the whole Romanian society as a model during the war, but I approach her literature as her special means to construct this model and pursue her public mission. Her literature continued her many charity, social and political activities, it created a “bridge” of communication between herself and her people. Literature made her voice sound in the ears of the “broken ones” to bring them a message of resilience and hope during hard times. My aim was to reconsider her literature diachronically, with a focus on the literature she published with the advent of the war: My Country, with its English and Romanian successive editions (until the 1925 edition The Country that I love. An exile’s memories), the “personal” articles published in the Army’s newspaper and gathered in the volume From my heart to theirs (1917) and finally her autobiography. The Story of my Life fulfilled her memorial project and offered an image of herself from her childhood until the end of the war. Her literature as a whole was intended to express her own search of identity, her (re)readings of herself and of her life. The theme of identity is infused in all her literature, as she put it openly in the foreword to The Story of My life: her private and her public identity are profoundly related one to another. She continually searched within her memory and displayed images and narratives of herself, in her private and public works, fictional or non-fictional. Her writing is defined by recurrent memorial leitmotifs, by the circulation of texts from private to public and by their continuous rewriting. This overview on Marie of Romania’s literature tried to grasp the meaning of her war literature, its evolution and functions during the war and after. My aim was also to enhance the literary virtues of an autobiographical writing which captured the author’s self and her sensitive experience of life.
Neste artigo visamos empreender uma análise entrecruzada de representações gráfico-satíricas publicadas em periódicos dos anos 1920, como prisma privilegiado para divisar ideias que permeavam as ...construções de gênero no circuito da mídia impressa nos dois lados do Atlântico.
Sob uma perspectiva da História Cultural, vislumbramos esse viés de investigação a fim de perscrutar circularidades transnacionais porventura evidenciadas nas temáticas e nos significados polissêmicos das representações, entendidas como repositórios de vestígios valorosos de arquétipos femininos, passíveis de interpretação.
Por meio de caricaturas, é possível entrever o papel dos periódicos na internacionalização da cultura e na elaboração de subjetividades; interessa-nos compreender a influência daqueles veículos nas mudanças de comportamento, nas demandas e aspirações das mulheres e consequente alteração de seu lugar social, em meio à difusão de gostos e valores, sensibilidades e imaginários, compartilhados em produções que conjugavam imagem, texto e humor.
