Amid the rising nationalism and racial politics that culminated in World War II, European countries wishing to "purify" their nations often forced unwanted populations to migrate. The targeted ...minorities had few options, but as R. Chris Davis shows, they sometimes used creative tactics to fight back, redefining their identities to serve their own interests.
Davis's highly illuminating example is the case of the little-known Moldavian Csangos, a Hungarian- and Romanian-speaking community of Roman Catholics in eastern Romania. During World War II, some in the Romanian government wanted to expel them. The Hungarian government saw them as Hungarians and wanted to settle them on lands confiscated from other groups. Resisting deportation, the clergy of the Csangos enlisted Romania's leading racial anthropologist, collected blood samples, and rewrote a millennium of history to claim Romanian origins and national belonging-thus escaping the discrimination and violence that devastated so many of Europe's Jews, Roma, Slavs, and other minorities. In telling their story, Davis offers fresh insight to debates about ethnic allegiances, the roles of science and religion in shaping identity, and minority politics past and present.
Contrary to popular belief, the roots of American country music do not lie solely on southern farms or in mountain hollows. Rather, much of this music recorded before World War II emerged from the ...bustling cities and towns of the Piedmont South. No group contributed more to the commercialization of early country music than southern factory workers. InLinthead Stomp, Patrick Huber explores the origins and development of this music in the Piedmont's mill villages.Huber offers vivid portraits of a colorful cast of Piedmont millhand musicians, including Fiddlin' John Carson, Charlie Poole, Dave McCarn, and the Dixon Brothers, and considers the impact that urban living, industrial work, and mass culture had on their lives and music. Drawing on a broad range of sources, including rare 78-rpm recordings and unpublished interviews, Huber reveals how the country music recorded between 1922 and 1942 was just as modern as the jazz music of the same era.Linthead Stompcelebrates the Piedmont millhand fiddlers, guitarists, and banjo pickers who combined the collective memories of the rural countryside with the upheavals of urban-industrial life to create a distinctive American music that spoke to the changing realities of the twentieth-century South.
Die "Achse Berlin-Rom" war mehr als ein politisch-militärisches Projekt, sie erstreckte sich auf alle Bereiche der Gesellschaft. Wissenschaft und Kunst machten keine Ausnahme. Auch hier entstanden ...intensive Beziehungen, deren Wurzeln bis in die 1920er Jahre zurückreichten. Zahlreiche Intellektuelle beteiligten sich an dieser akademischen "Achse" zwischen Italien und Deutschland - unter ihnen auch viele deutsche Juden, die in Italien eine "Zuflucht auf Widerruf" (Klaus Voigt) gefunden hatten, ehe sie nach der Einführung der Rassengesetze auch dort unter Druck gerieten. Namhafte Experten aus fünf Ländern analysieren die Vielfalt dieser lange ignorierten Netzwerke, die freilich nicht nur von Kooperation und Transfer geprägt waren. Genauso oft standen sie im Zeichen von Abgrenzung und latenter Konkurrenz, die auch das "Achsen"-Bündnis insgesamt bestimmten. Die Botschaft dieses innovativen Ansatzes ist klar: Für eine interdisziplinär informierte Geschichtswissenschaft gibt es noch viel zu tun.
International relations theorists have in recent years shown an interest in international norms and rules not equaled since the interwar period. This contemporary literature is, of course, quite ...different—i.e., better—than that of the 1920s and 1930s: it has greater intellectual depth, empirical backing, and explanatory power. The promise of this research, bolstered by the opportunities of the post–cold war era, is that norms encouraging free trade, protecting the environment, enhancing human rights, and controlling the spread and use of heinous weapons may have a substantial impact on the conduct and structure of international relations. But pessimists also exist. Some have taken up the stick E. H. Carr skillfully shook at idealists in an earlier period, arguing that the anarchic power-shaped international arena is not so malleable and that international norms and institutions have relatively little influence. On the one hand, we are pointed to the centrality of international norms; on the other, we are cautioned that norms are inconsequential. How do we make sense of these divergent claims? Which is right?
The publication “Land of promise – place of refuge” addresses the emigration and flight of Austrian Jewish women and men to Palestine by embedding it in the history of the overall Palestine migration ...since the beginning of the 1920s. It focuses on the cooperation of the Jewish Community, the “Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung” and the Palestine Office in Vienna, an institution, which barely has been researched so far. Furthermore the book deals with the policies and interests of the British mandatory power and the activities of the Jewish Agency and its associated institutions in Jerusalem.
Das Buch „Land der Verheißung – Ort der Zuflucht“ widmet sich der Auswanderung und Flucht österreichischer Jüdinnen und Juden nach Palästina vorrangig in den Jahren 1938 bis 1941 und bettet diese in die Geschichte der Palästinamigration seit den 1920er Jahren ein. Im Fokus steht dabei zum einen die Zusammenarbeit von jüdischer Gemeinde, der im August 1938 eingerichteten „Zentralstelle für jüdische Auswanderung“ und des Palästina-Amtes. Zum anderen wird der Blick auf die Politik und Interessen der britischen Mandatsmacht und der Arbeit der Jewish Agency in Jerusalem gelenkt.
The Japanese aircraft industry, which was very small scale before the Second World War, became Japan's largest manufacturing industry by the end of the war. This article explores the basis for the ...growth of the aircraft industry during this time by focusing on Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Company's No. 5 Works. It was revealed that during the war, the supply of basic inputs increased substantially: labour force, equipment, and ' machinery parts' were in sufficient supply and none of these was a binding constraint on production. The binding constraint existed in the supply of ' special parts'. In other words, aircraft production expanded as the supply of special parts increased. This increase in the supply of special parts and still faster growth in the supply of machinery parts came about through the expansion of the supplier network in terms of both the number of suppliers and the geographical area in which they were located. These findings imply that outsourcing played a key role in the growth of aircraft production in wartime Japan.
In the first half of the twentieth century, white elites who dominated Virginia politics sought to increase state control over African Americans and lower-class whites, whom they saw as oversexed and ...lacking sexual self-restraint. In order to reaffirm the existing political and social order, white politicians legalized eugenic sterilization, increased state efforts to control venereal disease and prostitution, cracked down on interracial marriage, and enacted statewide movie censorship. Providing a detailed picture of the interaction of sexuality, politics, and public policy, Pippa Holloway explores how these measures were passed and enforced.The white elites who sought to expand government's role in regulating sexual behavior had, like most southerners, a tradition of favoring small government, so to justify these new policies, they couched their argument in economic terms: a modern, progressive government could provide optimum conditions for business growth by maintaining a stable social order and a healthy, docile workforce. Holloway's analysis demonstrates that the cultural context that characterized certain populations as sexually dangerous worked in tandem with the political context that denied them the right to vote. This perspective on sexual regulation and the state in Virginia offers further insight into why white elite rule mattered in the development of southern governments.
This book explores Siegfried Sassoon's writing of the twenties thirties and forties demonstrating the connections between trauma and nostalgia in a culture saturated with the anxieties of war.
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