This article uses a detailed examination of British policy towards the occupation zone in Germany after World War II as a lens through which to illuminate enduring elements of structural and ...functional continuity in British foreign policy-making. Many of the problems facing British policy-makers in the post-World War II era replicated those relating to the occupation of the Rhineland and Ruhr in the early 1920s. Analysing the response of British policy-making to these resonances highlights underlying thematic trends in overall British foreign policy. The areas of continuity revealed challenge traditional historiographical views that foreign policy was shaped by elite group thinking in the Foreign Office. This article also evaluates British foreign policy in the light of recent developments in the historiography of the Cold War. Recent scholarship emphasises the multi-faceted and organic nature of the Cold War and highlights the difficulties involved in approaching issues such as ideology when the states involved were varied and had different infrastructures, cultures and foreign policy traditions and systems. By drawing out deeper resonances in foreign policy-making, this article contributes to a deeper understanding of the culture and tensions through which British policy was generated in the post-World War II period.
This is a major new account of the Soviet occupation of postwar Germany and the beginning of the Cold War. Dr Filip Slaveski shows how in the immediate aftermath of war the Red Army command struggled ...to contain the violence of soldiers against German civilians and, at the same time, feed and rebuild the country. This task was then assumed by the Soviet Military Administration in Germany (SVAG) which was established to impose order on this chaos. Its attempt, however, intensified the battle for resources and power among competing occupation organs, especially SVAG and the army, which spilled over from threats and sabotage into fighting and shootouts in the streets. At times, such conflicts threatened to paralyse occupation governance, leaving armed troops, liberated POWs and slave labourers free to roam. SVAG's successes in reducing the violence and reconstructing eastern Germany were a remarkable achievement in the chaotic aftermath of war.
Wohl kaum eine Ereignis der deutschen Geschichte hatte so vielfältige und weitreichende Folgen wie das Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Der Schock produzierte eine wahre Flut an Überlegungen, ...Planspielen und Denkschriften, die sich immer wieder mit der Frage der politischen, gesellschaftlichen und moralischen Erneuerung beschäftigten. Weitgehend unbekannt sind in diesem Zusammenhang die heftigen Diskussionen geblieben, die seit Sommer 1945 im deutschen Südwesten entbrannten. Katholische Intellektuelle und Honoratioren sahen nun den Zeitpunkt gekommen, die nationale Bindung aufzugeben; an die Stelle eines preußisch-kleindeutschen Reichs sollte eine stammesföderalistisch geprägte Neugliederung treten. Überlegungen dieser Art lassen sich bereits vor 1933 zwischen Lörrach, Konstanz und Karlsruhe, aber auch bis Augsburg und Bregenz nachweisen. Zusätzliche schien die Aufteilung der Länder Baden und Württemberg durch die französische und amerikanische Besatzungszone, die Chance für eine völlig neue Grenzziehung zu erhöhen. Auf der Basis unbekannter französischer, deutschen, schweizerischer und österreichischer Quellen sowie bislang unzugänglicher Privatnachlässe schildert der Autor minutiös den Verlauf der Diskussion und die Visionen der wichtigsten Wortführer.
While economists predicted a return to double-digit unemployment rates during the reconversion from World War II, this outcome did not materialize. This article explores the role that the significant ...rise in net exports—which accounted for nearly 4 percent of GDP in 1946 and 1947—played in helping the United States avoid a postwar unemployment problem. Using an input-output analysis, we find that the export surplus directly accounted for 1.33 million jobs in 1946 and 1.97 million jobs in 1947. This accounts for close to half of the gains to private sector employment during these years.
Herausgegeben im Auftrag des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte München-Berlin von Manfred Kittel und Udo Wengst. Die Reihe setzt die seit 1984 herausgegebenen "Biographischen Quellen zur deutschen ...Geschichte nach 1945" fort. In ihr erscheinen seit 1996 biographische Quellentexte aus dem gesamten Bereich der Zeitgeschichte.
The Nuremberg trials are regarded as models of postwar justice, but the Mauthausen trial was the norm and reveals the troubling face of American military proceedings. This rough justice, with its lax ...rules of evidence and questionable interrogations, compromised legal standards in order to guarantee that guilty people did not walk free.
From Crusade to Hazard: The Denazification of Bremen Germany relates how the American and British combat forces and military government officers occupied, administered, and denazified Bremen and its ...environs from 1945 to 1947. The three distinct phases in administering Bremen had a profound impact on the denazification of the city. Denazification legislation was first determined by the Americans, then by the British, and then again by the Americans. Throughout, denazification teams tried to find a middle way between the American dictum of a radical purge of the whole population and the less ambitious British goal of only cleansing the administration. This delicate balancing act led to an implementation of a purge that was unique to the Bremen enclave. While it succeeded in discovering and punishing many of the main functionaries of the Nazi regime, it also fell victim to its own ambition and collapsed underneath the weight of its administrative processes. As deadlines and waning governmental support forced a quick end to the program, the bloated denazification bureaucracy resorted to classifying most of the remaining cases as benign 'followers,' even when they hardly deserved that label. At a time when interest in de-politicizing old classes of administrators affiliated with dictatorial regimes is being increasingly fueled by contemporary world events, this book is a particularly valuable contribution.
