Diese Edition dokumentiert zwei deutsche Schicksale in Polen, die unmittelbar mit dem Zusammenbruch der deutschen Herrschaft im Osten verbunden waren. Manfred Gebhardts Aufzeichnungen reflektieren ...Romantizismus, Naivität, vor allem aber Sensibilität eines jungen deutschen Soldaten, der in der Kriegsgefangenschaft erstmals direkt dem Land Polen und polnischen Menschen begegnet. Sie schildern die bisher wenig bekannte und dokumentierte Gefangenschaft deutscher Soldaten in Polen und die "Antifa"-Umerziehung, die eine erste "sozialistische Klassensolidarität" deutscher und polnischer Kommunisten begründen sollte. Die Aufzeichnungen dokumentieren ebenso ein Stück DDR-Gründungsgeschichte und sie sind zugleich be-eindruckendes Zeugnis der Suche nach Subjektivität und Objektivität eines Zeitzeugen, der später in der DDR eine nicht unwichtige Rolle im Pressewesen einnahm. Wie anders liest sich die Lebensgeschichte Joachim Küttners, der bis zu seiner abenteuerlichen Flucht in die Bundesrepublik 1958 immer mit Polen zusammengelebt hatte. Als deutscher Rittergutserbe wurde er im südlichen Teil des Posener Landes geboren, nahe der Grenze an der Prosna zum russischen Teilungsgebiet. Zwischenzeitlich wurde er polnischer Staatsbürger, seit 1939 im neu errichteten Reichsgau Wartheland aber wieder privilegiert und wie Millionen seiner Volksgenossen dazu ausersehen, zur "völkischen Neuordnung" in diesem Teil Polens beizutragen. Nach dem Zusammenbruch der nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft sollte sich das Bild auf dramatische Weise wenden. Mit dem Augenblick dieser Wende beginnt Küttners Bericht. Die Gefangennahme Manfred Gebhardts in Böhmen mündet in eine vierjährige Lagerhaft, die Flucht Joachim Küttners vor der herannahenden Front in ein dreizehn Jahre währendes pseudonymes Leben. Gebhardt und Küttner lebten in Polen als "Gefangene und Fremde". Ihre Erfahrungen sind beispielhaft für die durch die jüngste Vergangenheit schwer belastete Begegnung von Deutschen und Polen nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges.
The relative decline of the East German economy after 1945 has eluded researchers, as several large shocks appeared to have hit it at the same time. In this paper, we revisit the immediate post-war ...period in both parts of Germany to obtain a more comprehensive picture of the output and productivity shocks operating in both economies. Our principal finding is that the dismantling of the capital stock alone cannot explain the inferior performance of the East German economy. The collapse of output after the war and the ensuing recovery in both parts of the country were driven by total factor productivity; changes in factor endowments were of second-order significance. West Germany began to lead East Germany in industrial labor productivity well before the economic reforms of 1948 could make their mark. The major factor contributing to this early divergence were disproportions in industrial structure caused by the division of Germany.
"Life in Transit is the long-awaited sequel to Shimon Redlich’s widely acclaimed Together and Apart in Brzezany, in which he discussed his childhood during the War and the Holocaust. Life in Transit ...tells the story of his adolescence in the city of Lodz in postwar Poland. Redlich’s personal memories are placed within the wider historical context of Jewish life in Poland and in Lodz during the immediate postwar years. Lodz in the years 1945-1950 was the second-largest city in the country and the major urban center of the Jewish population. Redlich’s research based on conventional sources and numerous interviews indicates that although the survivors still lived in the shadow of the Holocaust, postwar Jewish Lodz was permeated with a sense of vitality and hope."
Jewish Displaced Persons (DPs) survived in concentration and death camps, in hiding, and as exiles in the Soviet interior. After liberation in the land of their persecutors, some also attended ...university to fulfill dreams of becoming doctors, engineers, and professionals. In The New Life: Jewish Students of Postwar Germany, Jeremy Varon tells the improbable story of the nearly eight hundred young Jews, mostly from Poland and orphaned by the Holocaust, who studied in universities in the American Zone of Occupied Germany. Drawing on interviews he conducted with the Jewish alumni in the United States and Israel and the records of their Student Union, Varon reconstructs how the students built a sense of purpose and a positive vision of the future even as the wounds of the past persisted.
Varon explores the keys to students’ renewal, including education itself, the bond they enjoyed with one another as a substitute family, and their efforts both to reconnect with old passions and to revive a near-vanquished European Jewish intelligentsia. The New Life also explores the relationship between Jews and Germans in occupied Germany. Varon shows how mutual suspicion and resentment dominated interactions between the groups and explores the subtle ways anti-Semitism expressed itself just after the war. Moments of empathy also emerge, in which Germans began to reckon with the Nazi past. Finally, The New Life documents conflicts among Jews as they struggled to chart a collective future, while nationalists, both from Palestine and among DPs, insisted that Zionism needed “pioneers, not scholars,” and tried to force the students to quit their studies.
Rigorously researched and passionately written, The New Life speaks to scholars, students, and general readers with interest in the Holocaust, Jewish and German history, the study of trauma, and the experiences of refugees displaced by war and genocide. With liberation nearly seventy years in the past, it is also among the very last studies based on living contact with Holocaust survivors.
«Analyzing the earliest debates over the memory of Nazi camps, the author makes an important contribution to the study of their origin, reducing the existing asymmetry in our knowledge on the ...relevant phenomena in Western and Eastern Europe. This is all the more important as the Poles and Polish Jews, whose involvement in the disputes over memory she describes, were the most important group of survivors and eyewitnesses of the camps and so the genuine group of memory.» Prof. Dariusz Stola (Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Science) «The vast number and variety of sources used in this work create a fascinating picture of a multifaceted, rich, vivid, and at times heated debate conducted in Poland in the late 1940s. A great merit of Wóycicka is to preserve this discourse from oblivion and to bring it back into the public sphere.» Barbara Engelking (Polish Center for Holocaust Research)
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