During the mid-twentieth century, Latin American countries witnessed unprecedented struggles over the terms of national sovereignty, civic participation, and social justice. Nowhere was this more ...visible than in Peronist Argentina (1946-1955), where Juan and Eva Perón led the region's largest populist movement in pursuit of new political hopes and material desires. Eduardo Elena considers this transformative moment from a fresh perspective by exploring the intersection of populism and mass consumption. He argues that Peronist actors redefined national citizenship around expansive promises of a vida digna (dignified life), which encompassed not only the satisfaction of basic wants, but also the integration of working Argentines into a modern consumer society. From the mid-1940s onward, the state moved to boost purchasing power and impose discipline on the marketplace, all while broadcasting images of a contented populace.Drawing on documents such as the correspondence between Peronist sympathizers and authorities, Elena sheds light on the contest over the dignified life. He shows how the consumer aspirations of citizens overlapped with Peronist paradigms of state-led development, but not without generating great friction among allies and opposition from diverse sectors of society. Consumer practices encouraged intense public scrutiny of class and gender comportment, and everyday objects became freighted with new cultural meaning. By providing important insights on why Peronism struck such a powerful chord,Dignifying Argentinasituates Latin America within the broader history of citizenship and consumption at mid-century, and provides innovative ways to understand the politics of redistribution in the region today.
For decades, Argentina's population was subject to human rights violations ranging from the merely disruptive to the abominable. Violence pervaded Argentine social and cultural life in the repression ...of protest crowds, a ruthless counterinsurgency campaign, massive numbers of abductions, instances of torture, and innumerable assassinations. Despite continued repression, thousands of parents searched for their disappeared children, staging street protests that eventually marshaled international support. Challenging the notion that violence simply breeds more violence, Antonius C. G. M. Robben's provocative study argues that in Argentina violence led to trauma, and that trauma bred more violence. In this work of superior scholarship, Robben analyzes the historical dynamic through which Argentina became entangled in a web of violence spun out of repeated traumatization of political adversaries. This violence-trauma-violence cycle culminated in a cultural war that "disappeared" more than ten thousand people and caused millions to live in fear.Political Violence and Trauma in Argentinademonstrates through a groundbreaking multilevel analysis the process by which different historical strands of violence coalesced during the 1970s into an all-out military assault on Argentine society and culture. Combining history and anthropology, this compelling book rests on thorough archival research; participant observation of mass demonstrations, exhumations, and reburials; gripping interviews with military officers, guerrilla commanders, human rights leaders, and former disappeared captives. Robben's penetrating analysis of the trauma of Argentine society is of great importance for our understanding of other societies undergoing similar crimes against humanity.
DuBois traces how state repression and community militancy are remembered in a neighborhood in Buenos Aires and how the tangled and ambiguous legacies of the past continued to shape ordinary people's ...lives years after the collapse of the military regime.
Alternative voices Anhalt, Istvan
Alternative voices,
1984, 20150529, 1984, 2014, 1984-01-01
eBook
Istvan Anhalt, himself a composer of many vocal works, has written an interdisciplinary study of the innovative vocal and choral music that has emerged in Europe and North America since the Second ...World War.
This book explores a big puzzle in development economics - why Argentina, despite rich natural resources and ample human capital, has endured such poor growth performance. The authors use rigorous ...economic analysis and an institutional and historical approach to show what went wrong, in a timely contribution to the sustainable development debate.
We present large-sample evidence on the performance of domestic and U.S.(foreign) bidder firms acquiring Canadian targets. Domestic bidders earn significantly positive average announcement-period ...abnormal returns, while U.S. bidder returns are indistinguishable from zero. Measures of pre- and post-acquisition abnormal accounting performance are also consistent with a superior domestic bidder performance. Domestic bidder announcement returns are on average greatest for offers involving stock-payment and for the bidders with the smallest equity size relative to the target. Neither direct foreign investment controls, horizontal product-market relationships, nor acquisition propensities explain why domestic bidders outperform their U.S. competitors
En este trabajo se investiga la posición finan-ciera externa de la Argentina a partir de la culmi-nación de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, con especial énfasis en 1948, 1955 y 1958. Dos son las ...motivaciones que impulsan este trabajo. La pri-mera, contribuir a los debates que tienen por cen-tro la importancia de la deuda externa en la evolu-ción económica argentina; la segunda, llenar el vacío de investigaciones y de datos confiables para el período bajo examen. La base empírica de esta investigación es una minuciosa explora-ción de documentos, muchos de ellos no publica-dos o de circulación restringida, acompañada de comentarios sobre los acontecimientos económi-cos más destacados en su contexto historico, en particular el sistema cambiario. A fines de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuan-do en el mundo se generalizaba la crisis de liqui-dez en divisas libres, la posición financiera externa argentina mostraba una situación excepcional: las reservas superaban con amplitud a las deu-das. No obstante, poco tiempo después, Argentina fue uno de los contados países que entró en cesación de pagos, y al término de 1955 formaba parte de la decena de naciones con mayor deuda externa. A finales de 1958 -diez anos después de la declaración de la independencia económica y sin perjuicio de algunas dificultades para la corn-paración de los datos-, era una de las tres naciones más endeudadas en términos absolutos, de-trás del Reino Unido y cerca de Francia. Si se tienen en cuenta las exportaciones o el producto, esta posición era aún más llamativa. Así pues, en la década bajo observacion Argentina no sólo estu-vo entre los países de menor crecimiento de las exportaciones sino también entre los de mayor au-mento de la deuda externa. La restricción externa fue una constante del período a partir de la crisis de 1948, cuando se agotaron las reservas de libre disponibilidad, se interrumpieron los pagos por im-portaciones provenientes de Estados Unidos y las exportaciones medidas en dólares corrientes, una vez superado el breve y extraordinario período de la inmediata posguerra, se mantuvieron estanca-das en torno a los mil millones anuales. La investigación ha permitido llamar la aten-ción tanto sobre las formas bajo las que Argentina accedió y utilizó el crédito comercial disponible, como así también acerca de la debilidad de la in-formación sobre la evolución de la deuda. /// This paper investigates the external financial position of Argentina from the end of the Second World War with special emphasis in 1948, 1955, and 1958. It intends both to contribute to discussions on the importance of the external debt on the economic evolution of Argentina, and to fill the lack of investigations and reliable data on the period under consideration. The empirical base of the work is a careful exploration of documents, a lot of them unpublished or restricted circulation, accompanied by comments about outstanding economic events in its historical context, specially in the exchange system. At the end of Second World War, when liquidity crisis of free currency was becoming a general problem around the world, Argentina was in an exceptionally good position on financial external terms -the reserves exceeded in great extent the debts. Nevertheless, just a short time later Argentina was one of the few countries in default on debt payment, and at the end of 1955 it belonged to the tenth nations with greater external debt. By the end of 1958 -ten years after the declaration of the economic independence, despite the difficulties for the comparison of data-Argentina was one of the three more indebted countries in absolute terms, behind the United Kingdom and near France; this position was more striking in terms of exports or the product. Thus, Argentina was not only in the group of lower growth of exportations countries but also in the group of higher increase of the external debt through such period. The external economic restriction was a constant from 1948 crisis when reserves of free availability were exhausted, payments for imports from the United Statwere interrupted, and exports in current dollars -when the extraordinary moment of the immediate post-war ended-stayed on around one billion per year. This investigation has allowed to call the attention on the ways that Argentina had access and used the available commercial credit, and to cover weaknesses of data on the evolution of the debt as well.
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