Haiti is a resilient society whose rural communities in particular have developed coping mechanisms in response to a long history of underdevelopment and political instability. The country's ...religious, cultural, and artistic life is highly diverse and vibrant. Like other fragile states, however, Haiti is also beset by widespread poverty, inequality, economic decline, unemployment, poor governance, and violence. This Country Study examines Haiti's conflict-poverty trap from the perspective of the triangle of factors that have been identified as its main components: (a) demographic and socioeconomic factors at the individual and household levels; (b) the state's institutional capacity to provide public goods and manage social risks; and (c) the agendas and strategies of political actors. The report's three main chapters explore the nature of these components. The closing chapter considers the linkages among them.
The past decade has seen a marked policy focus upon Bangladesh, home to nearly 150 million Muslims; it has attracted the attention of the world due to weak governance and the rising tide of Islamist ...violence. This book provides a broad-ranging analysis of the growth and impact of "political Islam" in Bangladesh, and reactions to it. Grounded in empirical data, experts on Bangladesh examine the changing character of Bangladeshi politics since 1971, with a particular focus on the convergence of governance, Islamism and militancy. They examine the impacts of Islamist politics on education, popular culture and civil society, and the regional and extraregional connections of the Bangladeshi Islamist groups.
Bringing together journalists and academics - all of whom have different professional and methodological backgrounds and field experiences which impact upon these issues from different vantage points - the book assesses Bangladesh’s own prospects for internal stability as well as its wider impact upon South Asian security. It argues that the political environment of Bangladesh, the appeal of Islamist ideology to the general masses and the dynamic adaptability of Islamist organizations all demonstrate that Bangladesh will continue to focus the attention of policy makers and analysts alike. This is a timely, incisive and original explanation of the rise of political Islam and Islamic militancy in Bangladesh.
Introduction - Ali Riaz and C. Christine Fair 1. Political Culture in Contemporary Bangladesh: Histories, Ruptures and Contradictions - Dina Mahnaz Siddiqi 2. Political Violence in Bangladesh - Md. Shamsul Islam 3. Who are the Islamists? - Ali Riaz and Kh. Ali Ar-Raji 4. Who are the Militants? - Zayadul Ahsan and Pavitra Banavar 5. Bangladeshi Civil Society and Islamist Politics - Elora Shehabuddin 6. Islamist Politics and Education - Ali Riaz 7. Islamist Politics and Popular Culture - Ali Riaz and Muhammad Abu Naser 8. Regional and Extraregional Dimensions - Ali Riaz and Jessica Bastian
Ali Riaz is Professor and Chair of the Department of Politics and Government, at Illinois State University. Previously, he worked as Broadcast Journalist at the BBC World Service in London. Recent publications include Islamist Militancy in Bangladesh: A Complex Web , also published by Routledge.
C. Christine Fair is Assistant Professor in the Center for Peace and Security Studies (CPASS) in the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, USA. She was previously senior political scientist at the RAND Corporation. Her recent books include Fortifying Pakistan: The Role of U.S. Internal Security Assistance .
This article argues a previously little-discussed policy shift, the individualization of UK immigration control, is key to understanding the Windrush Scandal and the wider governance of racialized ...immigrants in Britain. Drawing on official records from 1963 to 1973, this article identifies how the UK shifted from an initial aggregate model of governing postcolonial immigrants, deemphasizing individual policing, to a model centred on scrutinizing individual compliance. Through interviews with 1980s-2010s UK policy actors, it identifies three policy legacies of this shift. First, it naturalized increasing individual scrutiny as the mechanism for reducing immigration, making immanent the "hostile environment" logic. Second, it gradually increased expectations of individual immigrant documentation, after many Windrush victims arrived under document-light control systems. Third, centring immigrants' individuality accorded with declining policy deliberation about immigration control's potential impacts on already-settled minorities. Even absent formal changes to their status, this shift eroded the rights of long-settled immigrants in Britain.
As a precocious young girl, Surekha knew very little about the details of her mother Amma’s unusual past and that of Babu, her mysterious and sometimes absent father. The tense, uncertain family life ...created by her parents’ distant and fractious marriage and their separate ambitions informs her every action and emotion. Then one evening, in a moment of uncharacteristic transparency and vulnerability, Amma tells Surekha and her older sister Didi of the family tragedy that changed the course of her life. Finally, her daughters begin to understand the source of their mother’s deep commitment to the Indian nationalist movement and her seemingly unending willingness to sacrifice in the name of that pursuit. In this re-memory based on the published and unpublished work of Amma and Surekha, Meenal Shrivastava, Surekha’s daughter, uncovers the history of the female foot soldiers of Gandhi’s national movement in the early twentieth century. As Meenal weaves these written accounts together with archival research and family history, she gives voice and honour to the hundreds of thousands of largely forgotten or unacknowledged women who, threatened with imprisonment for treason and sedition, relentlessly and selflessly gave toward the revolution.
Summary
Rocking isolation has been increasingly studied as a promising design concept to limit the earthquake damage of civil structures. Despite the difficulties and uncertainties of predicting the ...rocking response under individual earthquake excitations (due to negative rotational stiffness and complex impact energy loss), in a statistical sense, the seismic performance of rocking structures has been shown to be generally consistent with the experimental outcomes. To this end, this study assesses, in a probabilistic manner, the effectiveness of using rocking isolation as a retrofit strategy for single‐column concrete box‐girder highway bridges in California. Under earthquake excitation, the rocking bridge could experience multi‐class responses (eg, full contacted or uplifting foundation) and multi‐mode damage (eg, overturning, uplift impact, and column nonlinearity). A multi‐step machine learning framework is developed to estimate the damage probability associated with each damage scenario. The framework consists of the dimensionally consistent generalized linear model for regression of seismic demand, the logistic regression for classification of distinct response classes, and the stepwise regression for feature selection of significant ground motion and structural parameters. Fragility curves are derived to predict the response class probabilities of rocking uplift and overturning, and the conditional damage probabilities such as column vibrational damage and rocking uplift impact damage. The fragility estimates of rocking bridges are compared with those for as‐built bridges, indicating that rocking isolation is capable of reducing column damage potential. Additionally, there exists an optimal slenderness angle range that enables the studied bridges to experience much lower overturning tendencies and significantly reduced column damage probabilities at the same time.
Grad Rijeka je u Hrvatskom proljeću imao specifičnu sudbinu. Dok u gotovo svim većim gradovima SR Hrvatske dolazi do nemira, u Rijeci toga nije bilo. Čak nije uspio ni studentski štrajk, a time ni ...studentski nacionalni pokret nije došao do većeg izražaja. U radu se raspravlja o događajima koji su vezani uz studentski pokret u Rijeci. Autorica iznosi slijed događaja na riječkim fakultetima i visokoškolskim ustanovama tijekom 1971. godine te posljedice koje je snosila mala grupa nacionalno-reformski opredijeljenih riječkih studenata.
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