Residents of dwellings near railway tunnels may be exposed to noise, which propagates through the tunnel and ground and into the home. Noise radiated into bedrooms may disrupt sleep, which can have ...negative consequences for physical and mental wellbeing. In this paper, we present a laboratory investigation of the impact of ground-borne railway noise on physiologic and self-reported sleep. Over five consecutive nights, including habituation and control nights, 23 healthy participants were exposed to noise of two different frequency spectra at maximum levels of 35, 40 and 45 dB. Sleep was measured using polysomnography and questionnaires. Heart rate was measured using electrocardiography. Sleep was significantly disturbed, both in terms of physiologic and self-reported measures, during nights with 45 dB noise, although the number and size of effects was modest. No significant differences in overall sleep structure or subjective sleep disturbance and quality were found between control and 35 dB nights. Within 60 s following noise onset, the noise spectrum with higher amplitude frequencies above 100 Hz led to increases in heart rate at noise levels of 35 dB and above, and increased arousal probability at a noise level of 45 dB. The results generally support that the proposed Swedish guideline value of 35 dB maximum noise level indoors may be suitable for protecting against adverse sleep outcomes due to ground-borne railway noise.
•Physiologic sleep disruption by ground-borne railway noise increased with noise level.•Majority of self-reported sleep measures were worse after 45 dB nights than baseline.•Noise spectra dominated by very low frequencies had no effect on physiologic response.
Cellular and mitochondrial metabolic capacity of the heart has been suggested to limit performance of fish at warm temperatures. We investigated this hypothesis by studying the effects of acute ...temperature increases (16, 23, 30, 32.5 and 36°C) on the thermal sensitivity of 10 key enzymes governing cardiac oxidative and glycolytic metabolism in two populations of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) field-acclimated to 15.5 and 22.5°C, as well as the effects of acclimation on cardiac lipid composition. In both populations of perch, the activity of glycolytic (pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) and tricarboxylic acid cycle (pyruvate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase) enzymes increased with acute warming. However, at temperatures exceeding 30°C, a drastic thermally induced decline in citrate synthase activity was observed in the cold- and warm-acclimated populations, respectively, indicating a bottleneck for producing the reducing equivalents required for oxidative phosphorylation. Yet, the increase in aspartate aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase activities occurring in both populations at temperatures exceeding 30°C suggests that the malate-aspartate shuttle may help to maintain cardiac oxidative capacities at high temperatures. Warm acclimation resulted in a reorganization of the lipid profile, a general depression of enzymatic activity and an increased fatty acid metabolism and oxidative capacity. Although these compensatory mechanisms may help to maintain cardiac energy production at high temperatures, the activity of the electron transport system enzymes, such as complexes I and IV, declined at 36°C in both populations, indicating a thermal limit of oxidative phosphorylation capacity in the heart of European perch.
Objectives
To study whether androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), the mainstay treatment for advanced and disseminated prostate cancer, is associated with risk of dementia.
Methods
Risk of dementia in ...men with prostate cancer primarily managed with ADT or watchful waiting (WW) in the Prostate Cancer Database Sweden, PCBaSe, was compared with that in prostate cancer‐free men, matched on birth year and county of residency. We used Cox regression to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for Alzheimer's and non‐Alzheimer's dementia (vascular dementia, dementia secondary to other diseases or unspecified dementias) for different types and duration of ADT and oral antiandrogens (AAs) as well as for men managed with WW.
Results
A total of 25 967 men with prostate cancer and 121 018 prostate cancer‐free men were followed for a median of 4 years. In both groups 6% of the men were diagnosed with dementia. In men with prostate cancer, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonist treatment ( HR 1.15, 95% confidence interval CI 1.07–1.23) and orchiectomy (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.32–1.93) were associated with an increased risk of dementia, as compared to no treatment in prostate cancer‐free men; however, this increase in risk was only observed for non‐Alzheimer's dementia and occurred from year 1–4 after start of ADT. No increase in risk for any type of dementia was observed for men treated with AAs or for men on WW.
Conclusion
This population‐based cohort study does not support previous observations of an increased risk of Alzheimer's dementia for men on ADT; however, there was a small increase in risk of non‐Alzheimer's dementia.
Social mammals engage in affiliative interactions both when seeking relief from negative affect and when searching for pleasure and joy. These two motivational states are both modulated by μ-opioid ...transmission. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system in the brain mediates pain relief and reward behaviors, and is implicated in social reward processing and affiliative bonding across mammalian species. However, pharmacological manipulation of the μ-opioid system has yielded opposite effects on rodents and primates: in rodents, social motivation is generally increased by MOR agonists and reduced by antagonists, whereas the opposite pattern has been shown in primates. Here, we address this paradox by taking into account differences in motivational state. We first review evidence for μ-opioid mediation of reward processing, emotion regulation, and affiliation in humans, non-human primates, rodents and other species. Based on the consistent cross-species similarities in opioid functioning, we propose a unified, state-dependent model for μ-opioid modulation of affiliation across the mammalian species. Finally, we show that this state-dependent model is supported by evidence from both rodent and primate studies, when species and age differences in social separation response are taken into account.
Oral glucocorticoid treatment increases fracture risk, and evidence is lacking regarding the efficacy of alendronate to protect against hip fracture in older patients using glucocorticoids.
To ...investigate whether alendronate treatment in older patients using oral prednisolone is associated with decreased hip fracture risk and adverse effects.
Retrospective cohort study using a national database (N = 433 195) of patients aged 65 years or older undergoing a health evaluation (baseline) at Swedish health care facilities; 1802 patients who were prescribed alendronate after at least 3 months of oral prednisolone treatment (≥5 mg/d) were identified. Propensity score matching was used to select 1802 patients without alendronate use from 6076 patients taking prednisolone with the same dose and treatment time criteria. Follow-up occurred between January 2008 and December 2014.
Alendronate vs no alendronate use; no patients had previously taken alendronate at the time of prednisolone initiation.
The primary outcome was incident hip fracture.
Of the 3604 included patients, the mean age was 79.9 (SD, 7.5) years, and 2524 (70%) were women. After a median follow-up of 1.32 years (interquartile range, 0.57-2.34 years), there were 27 hip fractures in the alendronate group and 73 in the no-alendronate group, corresponding to incidence rates of 9.5 (95% CI, 6.5-13.9) and 27.2 (95% CI, 21.6-34.2) fractures per 1000 person-years, with an absolute rate difference of -17.6 (95% CI, -24.8 to -10.4). The use of alendronate was associated with a lower risk of hip fracture in a multivariable-adjusted Cox model (hazard ratio, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.22-0.54). Alendronate treatment was not associated with increased risk of mild upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms (alendronate vs no alendronate, 15.6 95% CI, 11.6-21.0 vs 12.9 95% CI, 9.3-18.0 per 1000 person-years; P = .40) or peptic ulcers (10.9 95% CI, 7.7-15.5 vs 11.4 95% CI, 8.0-16.2 per 1000 person-years; P = .86). There were no cases of incident drug-induced osteonecrosis and only 1 case of femoral shaft fracture in each group.
Among older patients using medium to high doses of prednisolone, alendronate treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk of hip fracture over a median of 1.32 years. Although the findings are limited by the observational study design and the small number of events, these results support the use of alendronate in this patient group.
The paper deals with the novel Kuessipan (2011) by Naomi Fontaine, a contemporary Quebec writer of Innu origin. This literary text, composed of autonomous narrative units, depicts the present and the ...past of the Innu nation, which was affected by the constraints of the Indian Act (1876). The objective of the paper is to demonstrate that Naomi Fontaine does not give an ethnic, stereotypical image of a minority dispossessed of its territory and its identity. Using effective literary devices, she captures the complexity and the contradictions of the life of the Innu, residing today on reserves. Her fragmentary writing reveals a lacunary knowledge and endorses her vision of a delocalized and depersonalized man.
الموسيقا في الشعر الأحمري، جابر محمد
Journal Of Babylon Center For Humanities Studies,
2022, Letnik:
12, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
تتناول الدراسة إشكالية علاقة الفن الشعري بالفن الموسيقي، وتتمظهر هذه العلاقة في صور شتى من وصف لفن الغناء نفسه أو الفنان المغنى أو كلمات الأغنية وألحانها وما تثيره من انفعالات في نفوس المتلقين، ...متطلعة هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل النص الشعري الإبداعي الذي تعالق مع الموسيقا والغناء فيما يسمى بـ تداخل الفنون interarts، ساعية إلى اكتشاف الحدود والأبعاد التي أمكن للشاعرين السعوديين طاهر زمخشري وعبد الله الصيخان الوصول إليها في نصيهما محل القراءة والتحليل في هذه الدراسة، وذلك بالتركيز على ثلاثة جوانب: التحليل الفني للثيمة في النصين بتحليل الأبيات الشعرية في القصيدتين وتقسيمها حسب ما جاءت لخدمته من معان، ودراسة محوري التوظيف اللغوي الأسلوبي بما فيه من استعمالات لغوية تتعلق بكثرة استخدام أفعال بعينها وبعض التراكيب الأسلوبية التي فضلها الشاعر على غيرها أو كرر استعمالها، ومحور التعالقات النصية والإحالات الرامزة، مضمنة تحليل أوجه التمايز والتشابه في كل، ودراسة الاختيارات الفنية اللافتة في العملين الشعريين، وتحليلها تحليلا يكشف عن جماليات التداخل بين فن الشعر من جهة وفن الموسيقا والغناء من جهة أخرى. ومن النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة أن ثيمة المدح والثناء قد جاورت ثيمة الغياب في النصين، كما أن الاستخدام المميز للغة وللأساليب وأدوات الخطاب قد أسهم في تعميق أفكار النص الرئيسة، وكان من الواضح الاستخدام المكثف للفعل الماضي في النصين الشعريين باعتبار أن الفكرة المركزية للنصين تدور حول الغياب وأن الشاعر طاهر زمخشري قد اعتمد على الذاتية الانطباعية في نصه الشعري، في حين استثمر عبدالله الصيخان التناص والإحالات التاريخية، وقد بدا ملاحظا أن هذا التناص قد توجه إلى الأغنية وليس إلى القصيدة، ويمكن القول أن نص الصيخان الشعري قد تأثر بالأغنية التي تناص معها الشاعر ابتداء.
Rheology of the continental lower crust plays an integral role in governing the style of continental extension. Temperature-dependent creep deformation in the lower crust decreases lithospheric ...strength and promotes coupling of deformation in the brittle crust and upper mantle; however, few constraints exist concerning the thermal evolution of extending lower crust. Here, we present a high-temperature thermochronological investigation of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone—archetypal continental lower crust that was attenuated during opening of the Alpine Tethys oceanic basin. Rutile U–Pb dates collected from three samples spanning the bottom ∼2-km of the crustal section are between ∼160 and ∼180 Ma, and exhibit near-rim zonations in Zr, Hf, Nb and Ta. Thermal-kinematic modeling of these data, combined with existing rutile U–Pb dates, show that the base of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone experienced heating on two timescales: conductive heating over ∼10 Myr, associated with thinning of the lithospheric mantle, and advective heating over <0.1 Myr, associated with high-temperature infiltration of fluids during crustal exhumation. These constraints match the thermal predictions of geodynamic models that predict high-magnitude thinning of lithospheric mantle during the early stages of extension. Conductive heating of lower crust directly preceded mantle exhumation and crustal excision, suggesting that thermal weakening of the lithosphere promotes focusing of extensional strain.
•Strength of continental lower crust critical for style of extension.•Mantle thinning resulted in conductive heating of archetypal lower crust.•Brief advective heating driven by influx of fluids prior to breakup.•Summation of rapid advective and slow conductive heating controls T in lower crust.
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