Die deutsche Energiepolitik verfolgt zwei wesentliche Ziele, zum einen die Abkehr vom Atomstrom (Energiewende), zum anderen den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien, um für das Klima gefährliche ...Treibhausgase einzusparen. Dabei kommen unterschiedliche Instrumente zum Einsatz, die sich teilweise gegenseitig behindern. Der Autor zeigt die Wechselwirkungen des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes und des europäischen Emissionshandelssystems auf.
Notwithstanding the increasing costs of the expansion of renewable energies, the Energy Transition in Germany still enjoys a high level of acceptance. Mainly this is due to the wide-spread perception that a non-fossil based production of electricity will automatically reduce greenhouse gas emissions. While this is true regarding the direct displacement effect, this paper points out that it is not that clear in a holistic view. Considering the interaction between the expansion of renewables and the EU-Emission-Trading-System, indirect price effects on carbon prices occur, which might counteract or even dominate the direct displacement effect. In order to enhance the greenhouse gas effectiveness, an automatic cut of the emission cap by the direct displacement effect should be considered.
A dynamic computable general equilibrium model is developed to assess the impact of the recent global recession and the Chinese government's stimulus package on China's economic growth. By designing ...two scenarios – one with and one without the stimulus package – the model results show that GDP growth rate in 2009 could have fallen to 2.9% without the stimulus package, mainly as a result of the sharp decline in exports of manufactured goods. Under the stimulus scenario, with the generated additional demand on investment goods, the Chinese economy grows 8–10% in 2009 and the succeeding years. The model also measures the overall gains of the stimulus package, and the cumulative GDP growth difference between the two scenarios for 2009–15 is about RMB76 trillion.
► We model the impact of the recent global recession and the Chinese government's stimulus package on China's economic growth. ► The model shows that without the stimulus package China's GDP growth rate in 2009 could have fallen to 2.9%. ► The stimulus package creates investment demand and hence growth. ► The overall gains of the stimulus package measured by the cumulative GDP growth in the model is about RMB76 trillion.
Haunted presents: Europeans, Muslim immigrants, and the onus of European Jewish histories is an in-depth analysis of the interrelations between Muslim minority immigrants and local European ...communities with an accent on Jewish communities and Judaism. The triangular investigation in this work is largely based on media reporting and comment between the years 2005-15. From this basis a solid, informative background to the explosive mass Muslim immigration to Europe and the terror, conflict, racism, religious, social and political clashes of today is framed. No other scholarly work, yet one written in an empirical, attainable style, succeeds in presenting a more comprehensive, coherent and cohesive overview of the elements behind the headline-making news emerging from the tumultuous state which is Europe today.
On the afternoon of September 11 2001 the Irish Prime Minister (Taoiseach), Bertie Ahern ordered the ‘heads of the security services of key government departments’ to undertake a complete ...re-evaluation of measures to protect the state from attack. Hence, underway within hours of the 9/11 outrage in the United States was potentially the most far-reaching review of Irish national security in decades. This book, the first major academic investigation of Irish national security policy as it has operated since 9/11, provides a theoretically informed analysis of that re-evaluation and the decisions which have been taken as a consequence of it up until September 2008. In so doing it draws on unprecedented access to Ireland’s police, security and intelligence agencies; over twenty senior personnel agreed to be interviewed. Theoretically the author demonstrates the utility to the analysis of national security policy of three conceptual models of historical institutionalism, governmental politics and threat evaluation. The text is of interest to scholars of Security Studies, International Relations and Politics, as well as state and NGO personnel, journalists and general readers.
Founded in 1849, St John’s Cathedral is the oldest neogothic cathedral in East Asia and China’s oldest surviving Anglican church still in operation. In its early decades it was a centre of colonial ...life in Hong Kong. More recently, it has opened itself widely to other communities in Hong Kong, becoming a truly international church with services held in several languages. Drawing on extensive archives, and written in a lively style, this first comprehensive history of St John’s traces the cathedral’s roles as a colonial parish church and as a bishop’s seat for a diocese that once covered the whole of China and beyond. It also discusses St John’s significance as a cente of worship for a modern cosmopolitan community. Imperial to International is the first volume in the new series Sheng Kung Hui: Historical Studies of Anglican Christianity in China, co-published by the Hong Kong University Press and the Hong Kong Sheng Kung Hui.
President Obama has just three years left in office to define his legacy in world affairs. He's facing a number of critical challenges-the ongoing war in Syria, the Iran nuclear negotiations, an ...enigmatic North Korea and other significant crises in world affairs. The president's advisors are busy devising policy recommendations aimed at grappling with these thorny issues. From these, the president must decide which priorities to pursue and how to best exercise U.S. power and influence to manage and shape the global order.
This book presents a set of policy analysis and recommendations from The Foreign Policy scholars at the Brookings Institution. Designed to provide the White House with innovative and actionable policy initiatives, the book is constructed as a series of memos to President Obama. This year, the memos are divided into five categories:
* Big Bets are issues where the president should consider investing his power, time and prestige in major efforts that can have a transformational impact on America and the world. * Double Downs are derived from the Big Bets from last year's recommendations that the president should redouble his efforts on.
* Black Swans are those low-probability but high-impact events that can divert the president and his administration's higher purposes, such as dramatic negative events that he will want to take steps in advance to avoid or to mitigate their consequences.
* Nightmares are events that look more likely than a Black Swan and could prove particularly troublesome for U.S. interests and the global order, and for which the administration should prepare.
* Holds are updated policy recommendations to stay the course on approaches suggested last year.
El ensayo considera los cambios que han tenido lugar en los murales de Irlanda del Norte en la ultima decada mas o menos. Se argumentara que si bien se han producido en los murales avances ...importantes que reflejan la consolidacion de la 'paz' durante este periodo, las paredes tambien cuentan una historia diferente. Se vera que, tal vez como era previsible, dada la paralisis y estancamiento que han caracterizado los acuerdos de reparto de poder, y la desilusion, cinismo y amargura hacia una resolucion politica que ahora es evidente, una serie de murales ofrecen representaciones que indican el aumento de tendencias que evidencian peligros latentes pero reales. Palabras clave. Irlanda del Norte, 2005-2015, acontecimientos politicos, hegemonia. This essay considers the changes that have taken place in the murals of Northern Ireland over the past decade or so. It will be argued that although there have been important developments in the murals that reflect the consolidation of 'peace' during this period, the walls also tell a different story. It will be shown that, perhaps predictably, given the paralysis and stagnation that have characterised the power-sharing arrangements, and the disillusionment, cynicism and bitterness towards the political settlement which is now evident, a number of murals offer representations that indicate the growth of tendencies that present latent but real dangers. Key Words. Northern Ireland, 2005-2015, Political developments, Hegemony.
Le Monde diplomatique is one of the most highly respected independent periodicals. Published monthly in French and English, it brings together a diverse range of high-calibre writers from across the ...world. This book collects the paper's highlights from the last year. The articles have been carefully selected and are arranged around the key themes in our changing world including US imperialism, the financial crisis and the Arab Spring. Among the contributors are Slavoj Žižek, James K Galbraith and Philip S. Golub. A perfect seasonal gift for anyone interested in global issues, The Best of Le Monde diplomatique goes beyond the news and illuminates the state of our planet.
The use of the EU instrument of political and economic sanctions has continually been rising since 1987. However, the sanctions are used differently according to geographic vicinity, political ...motivation, and which security objectives the EU promotes. Clara Portela explored the European sanction regime for the period 1987-2003 and showed that the EU has different political motivations and objectives for each region and that, in particular, geographic vicinity plays a significant role for the application for sanctions. This article relates to Portela's analytic approach from 2005 and verifies her hypotheses for the period 2005-2015. In summary, the article shows that the EU still focuses on geographic vicinity and security relevance. Only the area of sanction application has changed, moving from Eastern Europe to the Middle East.
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