It is well-documented that women and racial and ethnic minorities are underrepresented in the economics profession, relative to both the general population and other academic disciplines. Less is ...known about the socioeconomic diversity of the economics profession. In this paper, we use data on parental education from the Survey of Earned Doctorates to examine the socioeconomic background of US economics PhD recipients, as compared to other disciplines. We find that economics PhD recipients are substantially more likely to have highly educated parents, and less likely to have parents without a college degree, than PhD recipients in other non-economics disciplines. This is true for both US-born PhD recipients and non-US-born PhD recipients, but is particularly stark for the US-born. The gap in socioeconomic diversity between economics and other PhD disciplines has increased over the last five decades, and particularly over the last two decades.
Knowledge is the key factor to promote the development of enterprise innovation ability. Strategic knowledge disclosure is an important strategic means for enterprises to acquire external knowledge ...resources through active disclosure of knowledge. However, under the dual effects of external environmental factors and corporate factors, the impact of strategic knowledge disclosure on corporate innovation performance is still in a “black box” state. Therefore, based on the dual factors of industry competition intensity and enterprise absorptive capacity, this paper selects 158 listed companies in knowledge‐intensive industries as the research object, and uses the fixed effect model to empirically test the impact of strategic knowledge disclosure on enterprise innovation performance. It is found that strategic knowledge disclosure significantly promotes enterprise innovation performance, industry competition intensity negatively regulates the relationship between strategic knowledge disclosure and enterprise innovation performance, and enterprise absorptive capacity positively regulates the relationship between strategic knowledge disclosure and enterprise innovation performance. This paper is helpful to provide practical basis for the implementation of strategic knowledge disclosure and the improvement of enterprise innovation ability under the integrated perspective of external environmental factors and internal factors.
Using a sample from 2010 to 2021 of listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen A‐shares, we explore the effect of digital economy policy (DEP) at city level on enterprise digital transformation (EDT). ...We find that DEP can promote EDT. And the outcome remains valid following a sequence of rigorous tests to assess its robustness and account for endogeneity. Further analysis indicates that DEP plays roles by internal innovation effect and external structural effect. Moreover, this positive effect will be stronger in enterprises in manufacturing and high‐tech industries and those with better staffing structure, higher enterprise productivity and value. Also, we find that the effect of DEP on enterprises varies in regions with different government subsidy, digital infrastructure level, and location.
Against the backdrop of sustainable development, enterprises, the general public, and regulatory bodies are exhibiting an escalating level of concern regarding the performance in environmental ...stewardship, social responsibility, and corporate governance collectively referred to as ESG (Environmental, Social Responsibility, and Corporate Governance). This research, from the vantage point of external fiscal policy, investigates the examination of the impact of tax incentives on corporate ESG performance. Drawing upon panel data spanning from 2010 to 2021 at the level of China's A‐share listed companies and grounded in the context of accelerated depreciation policy for fixed assets, this study commitment to both identify and empirically test the presence of a significant positive correlation between tax incentives and corporate ESG performance. Our analysis of the financial mechanism and the Research and Development (R&D) mechanism reveals that tax incentives are instrumental in alleviating the financing constraints faced by corporations, thereby augmenting their financial performance. Furthermore, they serve to intensify R&D efforts, thereby fostering the generation of green innovations. In conclusion, our findings underscore that tax incentive policies significantly enhance the ESG performance of enterprises with common institutional shareholdings, an effect attributed to the presence of governance and synergy effects.
Under a difference‐in‐difference model, this paper takes China's signing of the Paris Agreement in 2016 as a quasi‐natural experimental event to identify the impact of carbon emission risks on a ...firm's employment creation and its mechanism. The results show that after this event, the employment creation level of high carbon emission risk firms has significantly increased by about 2.19% compared with that of low carbon emission firms. Moreover, increasing green technology innovation and attracting analysts' attention are two underlying channels. Furthermore, the carbon emission risk significantly improves firms' performance through the employment creation channel and makes the managers more optimistic.
Use taxes are utilized by states to discourage taxpayers from engaging in sales tax avoidance via shopping in lower tax states. Enforcement of this tax has long been difficult, as demonstrated in the ...case of South Dakota v. Wayfair, Inc. (2018). States have instead relied on different administration and tax structures to generate revenues. We contribute to the limited existing use tax literature by studying a panel of use tax revenues collected from 25 states, as well as use tax collection methods states implement for individual and business taxpayers. States are best at enforcing the use tax where they can rely on complementary administrative tax collection systems, such as in business‐to‐business transactions. They will likely struggle to realize improved use tax compliance for household consumption even in the wake of the Wayfair ruling.
Key Takeaways
All states that levy a retail sales tax also levy a complementary use tax. It was developed to help facilitate collection of taxes in cases in which it was not collected and remitted by the merchant. While the interstate commerce clause in the U.S. Constitution prohibits states to compel out‐of‐state merchant collection of destination‐state taxes, the U.S. Supreme Court held that the use tax does not violate this provision as it taxes the “first use” of the property in the destination state.
Compliance with the use tax is greatest when third‐party collection and/or reporting is possible, such as merchant collection and motor vehicle registration systems, respectively.
Although recent legal developments related to economic nexus has closed many avenues for use tax evasion through the course of online shopping, use tax liability arises frequently in the context of taxable business‐to‐business sales.
Nearly all of use tax revenue collected arises from liability arising from business‐to‐business sales. While states make mechanisms available to consumers to remit use tax, such as the individual income tax return, the contribution to overall use tax collections through these means are small.
The revenue yield of the use tax is comparable to that of state corporate income taxes (about 3 percent of total state revenue).
Employing a time series approach, Vector Error Correction Model, we investigate the price discovery in imported natural gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and pipeline, markets in China. The ...liberalisation of domestic natural gas markets and China's pricing reforms have induced systematic structural breaks. The present study explores the dynamic interrelationship between imported LNG and pipeline gas prices. Empirical results show that, before the market reforms in 2014, two markets were not cointegrated implying that both prices move somewhat independently. Over the series of market reforms between 2014 and 2019, both markets have started moving together (cointegrated). From winter 2020, LNG price increased abruptly partly due to LNG supply capacities and both prices are not cointegrated. In addition, empirical results show that LNG market is leading the imported natural gas markets in China and pipeline market is the major price adjuster, that is, a lagging market.
Im deutschsprachigen Raum gibt es seit den 2010er Jahren immer mehr Popliteratur in einem anderen Sinne: Autor*innen nämlich, die das popkulturelle Feld zuerst als Musiker*in betreten haben und ...später Bücher publizieren. Diese Feldwechsel sind für Verlage und für die Akteur*innen äußert lukrativ und attraktiv. Die knappe Währung Aufmerksamkeit wird im Übermaß ausgeschüttet, wenn jemand mit einem gewissen Bekanntheitsgrad aufbricht und den literarischen Kampfplatz betritt. Die Beiträger*innen kartographieren das expandierende Feld der popliterarischen Musiker*innenromane und -texte mit besonderem Fokus auf ästhetische Verfahren und Künstler*inneninszenierung. Mit Beiträgen u.a. von Manja Präkels und Hendrik Otremba sowie einem Interview mit Thorsten Nagelschmidt.
Is CBA Ranking of Transport Investments Robust? Börjesson, Maria; Eliasson, Jonas; Lundberg, Mattias
Journal of transport economics and policy,
2014, Letnik:
48, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Cost-benefit analyses (CBA) are often questioned on the grounds that results depend crucially on uncertain assumptions about the future, and on ethically or methodologically contestable trade-offs ...between different types of benefits. This paper explores the robustness of CBA rankings
of transport investments with respect to two types of uncertainties: relative benefit valuations and scenario assumptions related to car ownership, car characteristics and driving costs. The impact of differentiating the value of time with respect to travel mode and purpose is also studied.
The study concludes that CBA rankings are robust to all of the studied variations.
