In this book, France's leading medical anthropologist takes on one of the most tragic stories of the global AIDS crisis—the failure of the ANC government to stem the tide of the AIDS epidemic in ...South Africa. Didier Fassin traces the deep roots of the AIDS crisis to apartheid and, before that, to the colonial period.
This groundbreaking work, with its unique anthropological approach, sheds new light on a central conundrum surrounding AIDS in Africa. Robert J. Thornton explores why HIV prevalence fell during the ...1990s in Uganda despite that country's having one of Africa's highest fertility rates, while during the same period HIV prevalence rose in South Africa, the country with Africa's lowest fertility rate. Thornton finds that culturally and socially determined differences in the structure of sexual networks—rather than changes in individual behavior—were responsible for these radical differences in HIV prevalence. Incorporating such factors as property, mobility, social status, and political authority into our understanding of AIDS transmission, Thornton's analysis also suggests new avenues for fighting the disease worldwide.
This second edition of the book provides up-to-date information on new drugs, new proven HIV prevention interventions, a new chapter on positive prevention, and current HIV epidemiology. This ...definitive text covers all aspects of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, from basic science to medicine, sociology, economics and politics. It has been written by a highly respected team of South African HIV/AIDS experts and provides a thoroughly researched account of the epidemic in the region.
Summary
Overall survival (OS) of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)‐related Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) was ...analysed in the German AIDS‐related‐Lymphoma‐Cohort‐Study. Of 291 patients prospectively included between January 2005 and December 2012, 154 had DLBCL, 103 BL and 34 PBL. Two‐year OS rates were similar between BL (69%) and DLBCL patients (63%) but lower for PBL patients (43%). Intermediate (Hazard ratio HR 4·1 95% confidence interval CI 1·98–8·49) or high (HR 4·92 95% CI 2·1–11·61) International Prognostic Index, bone marrow involvement (HR 1·69 95% CI 1·00–2·84) and PBL histology (HR 2·24 95% CI 1·24–4·03) were independent predictors of mortality.
How should the corporate sector engage in fighting the global burden of the AIDS epidemic? India's relatively low HIV prevalence rate often raises the question of whether it is in corporate sector ...interest to allocate resources to combat HIV and AIDS. The five case studies in this report feature a selection of Indian companies that felt compelled to engage in this fight and id allocate resources in order to do so. The challenges these companies encountered and innovative methods they used to surmount these challenges serve as useful lessons for those interested in launching similar intiatives.
This evaluation assesses the development
effectiveness of the World Bank's country-level
HIV/AIDS assistance defined as policy dialogue, analytic
work, and lending with the explicit objective of ...reducing
the scope or impact of the AIDS epidemic. This is the first
comprehensive evaluation of the World Bank's HIV/AIDS
support to countries, from the beginning of the epidemic
through mid-2004. Because the Bank's assistance is for
implementation of government programs by government, it
provides important insights on how national AIDS programs
can be made more effective. For the purposes of the
evaluation, HIV/AIDS assistance includes policy dialogue,
analytic work, and lending with the explicit objective of
reducing the scope or impact of the AIDS epidemic. Few
HIV/AIDS projects have been completed and the vast majority
of projects and commitments are ongoing. With this in mind,
the three substantive chapters address: 1) The evolution and
phases of the Bank's institutional response and an
overview of the portfolio of HIV/AIDS assistance since the
start of the epidemic. 2) Findings on the efficacy of the
"first generation" of completed World Bank
country-level, HIV/AIDS assistance, and lessons from that
experience. 3) An assessment of the assumptions, design,
risks, and implementation to date of 24 ongoing
country-level AIDS projects. in the Africa Multi-Country
AIDS Program (MAP).
This study documents the results to which the World Bank's Multi-Country AIDS Program (MAP) financing in Africa has contributed over the last five years ("What has the MAP achieved?"). It uses ...extensive and detailed data from surveys and national HIV and AIDS programs from 30 MAP countries that are not usually publicly available or captured in routine World Bank reporting systems. It introduces a new Results Scorecard and Framework for better measuring and reporting on results of Bank-financed HIV/AIDS programs in Africa in the future. The book shows that the MAP has dramatically increased access to HIV prevention, care and treatment across Africa. MAP funding has supported children orphaned by AIDS, prevented mother-to-child transmission, helped countries build capacity for scaled up, more effective national responses to HIV and AIDS, including providing treatment. Regional programs are addressing cross-border issues and countries are sharing knowledge and experiences. A unique feature of the MAP is its emphasis on channeling money to communities, grass-roots initiatives, civil-society organizations and NGOs; ten /fifteen personal stories from people and groups in Uganda, Ethiopia and Rwanda offer powerful examples of how the MAP has improved health and lives, reduced stigma, and given new hope to people infected and affected by HIV across the continent.
Eating Spring Rice is the first major ethnographic study of HIV/AIDS in China. Drawing on more than a decade of ethnographic research (1995-2005), primarily in Yunnan Province, Sandra Teresa Hyde ...chronicles the rise of the HIV epidemic from the years prior to the Chinese government's acknowledgement of this public health crisis to post-reform thinking about infectious-disease management. Hyde combines innovative public health research with in-depth ethnography on the ways minorities and sex workers were marked as the principle carriers of HIV, often despite evidence to the contrary.
Viewing contemporary history from the perspective of the AIDS crisis, Jennifer Brier provides rich, new understandings of the United States' complex social and political trends in the post-1960s era. ...Brier describes how AIDS workers--in groups as disparate as the gay and lesbian press, AIDS service organizations, private philanthropies, and the State Department--influenced American politics, especially on issues such as gay and lesbian rights, reproductive health, racial justice, and health care policy, even in the face of the expansion of the New Right.Infectious Ideasplaces recent social, cultural, and political events in a new light, making an important contribution to our understanding of the United States at the end of the twentieth century.