Fecal retention in a puppy Downs, William J; Tollefson, Christopher R
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association,
09/2023, Letnik:
261, Številka:
9
Journal Article
Aim
Although perianal streptococcal dermatitis (PSD) is well known in children, it has only rarely been documented in adults. The incidence and necessity for treatment may be underestimated. We have ...retrospectively identified adult patients with perianal streptococcal dermatitis.
Method
Patients with streptococcal anal dermatitis were identified from a prospective office database. Treatment was with oral antibiotics according to the organism sensitivity. Additional concomitant anorectal disease was treated according to standard guidelines. Patients were compared with a control group, without eczema or erythema, for the presence of β‐haemolysing Streptococci on perianal swab. Demographic and microbiological data were assessed and compared between and within treatment and control groups.
Results
Fifty‐three (22 female) patients older than 20 (mean = 49) years of age were diagnosed with perianal streptococcal dermatitis between 2005 and 2009. In most cases group B β‐haemolytic Streptococci were found. Fifty patients received antibiotics for 14 days. In 28 of 33 patients who had a post‐treatment swab, the result was negative. Five patients showed Streptococci of different groups in the post‐treatment swab. Of the 50 patients, 21 (42%) had no further anorectal complaint and 29 (58%) required continuing treatment for another anorectal condition. In the control group β‐haemolysing Streptococcus was found in 34%. Men over 60 years of age more often required no further anorectal treatment compared with women (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Perianal streptococcal dermatitis occurs in adult patients more often than reported. It is mainly caused by group B β‐haemolysing Streptococcus. Its diagnosis is important because it can cause serious systemic infections, especially in the elderly and in newborns. Antibiotics resolve the condition in a high proportion of patients.
Purpose
To evaluate how effective methylene blue injection was at treating intractable idiopathic pruritus ani.
Methods
A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and ...Web of Science databases was conducted. All clinical studies (prospective and retrospective) that evaluated the efficacy of methylene blue in treating intractable idiopathic pruritus ani were included. Studies that reported the resolution rate, after a single injection and after a second injection, the recurrence rate, symptom scores, and transient complications of methylene blue injections in treating intractable idiopathic pruritus ani were included.
Results
The seven selected studies included 225 patients with idiopathic pruritus ani. The resolution rates after a single injection and after a second injection was 0.761 (0.649–0.873,
P
< 0.01,
I
2
= 69.06%) and 0.854 (0.752–0.955,
P
< 0.01,
I
2
= 77.391%), respectively, the remission rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.753 (0.612–0.893,
P
< 0.001), 0.773 (0.675–0.871,
P
< 0.001) and 0.240 (0.033–0.447,
P
< 0.001), respectively, the effect value of the merger was 0.569 (0.367–0.772,
P
< 0.001,
I
2
= 79.199%), and the recurrence rates at 1, 2, 3, and < 1 year were 0.202 (0.083–0.322,
P
< 0.001), 0.533 (0.285–0.781,
P
< 0.001), 0.437 (−0.044, 0.917,
P
< 0.001) and 0.067 (0.023–0.111,
P
< 0.001), respectively. The effect value of the merger was 0.223 (0.126–0.319,
P
< 0.001,
I
2
= 75.840).
Conclusion
Using methylene blue injections to treat intractable idiopathic pruritus ani is relatively efficacious, resulting in a relatively low recurrence rate and no severe complications. However, the available literature was of poor quality. Therefore, higher quality studies are necessary to confirm that methylene blue injection is efficacious for pruritus ani, such as a randomized prospective multicenter studies.
Environmental remediation projects are becoming increasingly interested in polymers, transition‐metal oxides and graphene based nanocomposites as photocatalysts. To increase their effectiveness, they ...could be adjusted in conjunction with one another. A hierarchically organised nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide based TiO2 and copolymer (Aniline and Indole) (rGO/ TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN)), TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) and P(ANI‐co‐IN) has been synthesized by heterogeneous emulsion polymerization and is used as a catalyst for the degradation of the cationic Rhodamine (RhB) dye. Different analyses were used to characterize the resulting nanocomposites i. e. UV‐Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy (EDX), High Resolution Transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM), Selected area (electron) diffraction (SAED) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). DRS results revealed that the rGO/ TiO2/ P(ANI‐co‐IN) nanocomposites band gap decreased when compared to TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) and P(ANI‐co‐IN). Here, rGO/ TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) has outperformed every previous study on polymer/metal oxide/graphene‐based ternary nanocomposites, achieving 92 % RhB degradation within 80 min with a degradation rate constant of 0.032 min−1. The reusability of rGO/ TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) was run over five cycles which bought in only a small change which could be negligible. Overall, this research may make it easier to synthesise hierarchically organised ternary nanocomposites in the future, which might be used to improve photocatalysis and address environmental protection challenges.
The nanocomposites P(ANI‐co‐IN), TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) and rGO/TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) were synthesized using heterogeneous emulsion polymerization technique. Under UV‐visible light, 20 mg of rGO/TiO2/P(ANI‐co‐IN) degraded 5 mg/L of RhB solution at pH 9 significantly reaching 91.7 % in 80 mins.
Benign anorectal conditions produce anal pain, rectal bleeding, or discharge from the perianal region, which are highly prevalent symptoms in the general population. Hemorrhoidal disease, anal ...fissure, perianal abscess, proctalgia syndromes, and pruritus anii are the most common clinical disorders. Well-trained physicians, irrespective of their specialty, can treat most of these disorders and refer them to a specialist in proctology only when necessary. The aim of this review is to provide a practical guide to the management of benign anorectal disorders in terms of their initial management and the criteria for specialist referral.
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