Despite preventive measures and initiatives, road traffic accidents are on the rise in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the emergency medical service unit's response to ...RTA by socio-demographic and accident-related variables in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This retrospective survey included Saudi Red Crescent Authority data on road traffic accidents between 2016 and 2020. As part of the study, information on sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., age, sex, and nationality), accident-related data (type and place of the accident), and response time to road traffic accidents were extracted. Our study included 95,372 cases of road traffic accidents recorded by the Saudi Red Crescent Authority in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2016 and 2020. Descriptive analyses were performed to explore the emergency medical service unit's response time to road traffic accidents, and linear regression analyses were performed to investigate the predictors of response time. Most of the road traffic accident cases were among males (59.1%), and the age group of 25-34 years accounted for about a quarter (24.3%), while the mean age of the road traffic accident cases was 30.13 (±12.86) years. Among the regions, the capital city of Riyadh experienced the highest proportion of road traffic accidents (25.3%). In most road traffic accidents, the mission acceptance time was excellent (0-60 s; 93.7%), movement duration was excellent (<120 s; 91.1%), reaching site duration was excellent (<12 min; 57.9%), treatment start time was excellent (<120 s; 76.4%), duration at the scene was poor (>15 min; 40.8%), reaching hospital duration was good (30-60 min; 52.7%), and in-hospital duration was poor (>15 min; 44.1%). Regions, places and types of accidents, age, gender, and nationality of victims were significantly associated with different parameters of response time. Excellent response time was observed in most of the parameters except the duration at the scene, reaching hospital duration, and in-hospital duration. Apart from the initiatives to prevent road traffic accidents, policymakers should focus on strategies to improve accident response time to save lives.
The paper investigates the dependences between levels of severity of road traffic accidents, accounting at the same time for spatial and temporal correlations. The study analyses road traffic ...accidents data at ward level in England over the period 2005–2013. We include in our model multivariate spatially structured and unstructured effects to capture the dependences between severities, within a Bayesian hierarchical formulation. We also include a temporal component to capture the time effects and we carry out an extensive model comparison. The results show important associations in both spatially structured and unstructured effects between severities, and a downward temporal trend is observed for low and high levels of severity. Maps of posterior accident rates indicate elevated risk within big cities for accidents of low severity and in suburban areas in the north and on the southern coast of England for accidents of high severity. The posterior probability of extreme rates is used to suggest the presence of hot spots in a public health perspective.
This study investigates the correlation between previous coal mine safety policies and accidents in China. Data on coal mine accidents and government regulatory information from 2008 to 2021 are ...collected. The characteristics of coal mine accidents are analyzed, and safety policy indexes are identified. An ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model is established to quantitatively analyze the correlation between accidents and safety policy. The study finds that safety policies have some impact on accident occurrence in coal mines. Although there has been a decrease in accidents and deaths over time, higher mortality rates are observed during periods of increased production intensity and on weekends. Gas accidents are the most common, followed by roof and flood accidents. The study concludes that national safety policies with wider coverage and a stronger system are effective in preventing accidents, but caution should be exercised to avoid reduced vigilance with decreasing death rates.
Currently, there is a lack of specific analytical tools for general aviation accidents (GAAs). This has led to loopholes in the prevention of GAAs.
A Swiss Cheese model for general aviation (SCM-GA) ...is proposed to identify the human and organizational factors involved in GAAs. In the proposed SCM-GA, 5 categories, 45 subcategories, a general aviation safety management system (GA-SMS) and safety culture were developed based on the classic accident causation models combined with the laws and regulations and safety management practices in the general aviation industry.
One GAA was analyzed using SCM-GA. The human and organizational causes revealed by SCM-GA were more complete than the causes revealed through the accident report. The identification results of the deficiencies in the subcategories of GA-SMS and the safety culture were more consistent with the requirements in the general aviation laws and regulations than the organizational factors in the accident report. Based on the subcategories of SCM-GA, 41 GAAs that occurred between 1996 and 2010 in China were statistically analyzed and χ2 test analyses were performed to estimate the statistical strength of the association between two adjacent subcategories of SCM-GA. The results showed that two adjacent subcategories of SCM-GA were significantly associated. They helped to determine the hidden problems in the accident report based on the path of accident.
SCM-GA is an accident analysis tool that can comprehensively analyze the human and organizational deficiencies involved in GAAs. The accident causes revealed by SCM-GA were more consistent with the general aviation safety management practices.
General aviation companies should establish their own GA-SMS and safety culture based on the subcategories developed herein. Using SCM-GA for routine safety inspection and accident investigation will help the management and the staff make effective safety decisions to effectively prevent GAAs.
•A Swiss Cheese model for general aviation (SCM-GA) was proposed to identify the human and organizational factors involved in general aviation accidents (GAAs).•A single aviation accident was analyzed to introduce the use of SCM-GA and prove its capability.•41GAAs were statistical analyzed to verify the accident path in SCM-GA.•Deficiencies in general aviation safety management system and deficiencies in safety culture were the underlying causes of GAAs.•SCM-GA was suggested as an accident analysis and investigation tool for GA companies' safety management.
The last ten years have seen explosive growth in the technology available to the collision analyst, changing the way reconstruction is practiced in fundamental ways. The greatest technological ...advances for the crash reconstruction community have come in the realms of photogrammetry and digital media analysis. The widespread use of scanning technology has facilitated the implementation of powerful new tools to digitize forensic data, create 3D models and visualize and analyze crash vehicles and environments. The introduction of unmanned aerial systems and standardization of crash data recorders to the crash reconstruction community have enhanced the ability of a crash analyst to visualize and model the components of a crash reconstruction. Because of the technological changes occurring in the industry, many SAE papers have been written to address the validation and use of new tools for collision reconstruction. Collision Reconstruction Methodologies Volumes 1-12 bring together seminal SAE technical papers surrounding advancements in the crash reconstruction field. Topics featured in the series include: • Night Vision Study and Photogrammetry • Vehicle Event Data Recorders • Motorcycle, Heavy Vehicle, Bicycle and Pedestrian Accident Reconstruction The goal is to provide the latest technologies and methodologies being introduced into collision reconstruction - appealing to crash analysts, consultants and safety engineers alike.
Workplace Safety Christian, Michael S; Bradley, Jill C; Wallace, J. Craig ...
Journal of applied psychology,
09/2009, Letnik:
94, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Recent conceptual and methodological advances in behavioral safety research afford an opportunity to integrate past and recent research findings. Building on theoretical models of worker performance ...and work climate, this study quantitatively integrates the safety literature by meta-analytically examining person- and situation-based antecedents of safety performance behaviors and safety outcomes (i.e., accidents and injuries). As anticipated, safety knowledge and safety motivation were most strongly related to safety performance behaviors, closely followed by psychological safety climate and group safety climate. With regard to accidents and injuries, however, group safety climate had the strongest association. In addition, tests of a meta-analytic path model provided support for the theoretical model that guided this overall investigation. The implications of these findings for advancing the study and management of workplace safety are discussed.
Automatic emergency braking (AEB) system play an essential role in avoiding traffic collisions and minimizing impact strengths, which contributes to improving road traffic safety. However, the ...present research of the AEB system is mainly concentrated on avoiding the car to car and car to pedestrian collisions. China has typical mixed traffic characteristics, especially the frequent car to two-wheeler collision accidents. Research on the AEB system to prevent car to two-wheeler collisions in complex multi-traffic scenarios is of great significance to further improve the comprehensive performance of the AEB system. In this article, based on the cases of the car to two-wheeler collisions from China In-Depth Accident Study (CIDAS) database, the effects of three key parameters of the AEB system, braking deceleration, braking advance time, and detection range, on the accident rate and severity are studied by accident reconstruction and virtual experiment. Results show that the theoretical optimal detection range of the AEB system is 180°-35 m for the car to two-wheeler collision prevention. Moreover, the current feasible optimal detection range is 120°-35 m due to the limitation of environmental awareness technology. When the braking advance time is 1 s, the detection angle is 120°, and the detection distance is 35 m, the installation of the AEB system can avoid 22.3% of the car to two-wheeler collision accidents. Meanwhile, in the inevitable accidents, the average collision speed of vehicles decreases from 33.93 to 21.34 km/h, which effectively reduces the collision strengths. Findings of this study could help car manufacturers and makers of AEB hardware select the appropriate detection radar. They can also provide ideas and data support for formulating relevant laws and regulations of the AEB system, future development of AEB system, or other driver assistance systems.
Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are among the life-threatening issues facing rural as well as sub-/urban communities. Several factors contribute to RTAs ranging from human to technical and ...natural/environmental impacts. Anthropogenic air pollution and corresponding environmental factors also increase the probability of RTAs. Current study reports the relationship of the weather conditions to RTAs. The study establishes the relevancy of different weather conditions like rainfall, temperature, fog, and wind storm with the incidences of RTAs in rural and urban settings of Vehari, Punjab-Pakistan. The results of the study showed that rainfall, severe coldness, fog, and heat conditions were directly related with the occurrence of RTAs. The percentage of RTAs which occurred due to fog, rainfall, temperature, and other weather-related factors was 34, 25, 21, and 20%, respectively. The age of the driver significantly correlated (R
= 0.60) with RTAs; the drivers in the age group 40-60 years caused the least RTAs during their drive. Since the smaller vehicles were involved in maximum RTAs, it relates negatively (R
= 0.82) to vehicles power. Among different vehicles motor bikes were involved in most (42%) of the reported RTAs. Therefore, during severe weather conditions, vehicles with smaller size and young drivers must be dealt with carefully while interacting (crossing, overtaking, and maneuvering) on the roads regardless of rural or urban conditions. Factors including civic sense, traffic education, vehicle size, drivers' maturity, road conditions, and environmental impacts may be considered while designing traffic rules and traffic aware campaigns specific for developing countries such as Pakistan.
Saudi Arabia is one of the countries with the highest number of road accidents and associated fatalities in the world. Speeding has been identified as an important cause of increased traffic ...accidents, which also aggravate their severity. Road safety improvement strategies are primarily based on the accurate identification of accident hotspots. Installing speed cameras at a network level is an expensive road safety measure, and its spatiotemporal effectiveness should be assessed. In this study, a traffic accident risk assessment framework has been developed and implemented on the 84 km long Buraydah Ring Road in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. The selected highway was divided into 42 (×2 km long) segments using the ArcGIS software. A risk scoring scheme was developed to incorporate both the frequency and severity of road accidents. Speed cameras installation at various segments showed a 70% decline in total accident counts, 53% in accidents with property damage, 84% decline in accidents causing injury, and complete absence of accidents with fatalities. The 48% segments were identified as hotspots with risk level ≥ medium, while the speed cameras installation completely eliminated the hotspots from the study area. The proposed framework can be implemented on major high-speed highways, accommodating high traffic volumes, for hotspot identification and evaluation of various road safety measures in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere.
PDF
